城镇医疗保险与社区卫生服务的政策对接研究

城镇医疗保险与社区卫生服务的政策对接是新医改的突破口。文章论证了城镇医疗保险与社区卫生服务的政策对接的重要意义,分析了城镇医疗保险与社区卫生服务的现状及存在的问题,提出了政策建议:确立医疗保险与社区卫生服务对接的法律地位,发挥法制的强制作用;加大政府的资金投入;统一管理机构;加强监督审核;发挥社区卫生服务与基本医疗保险的互补优势;进一步扩大基本医疗保险范围。     

昭通市2017年建档立卡贫困户医疗保障政策实施状况研究*

目的 研究昭通市2017年建档立卡贫困户的医疗保障政策落实状况。方法 实地调研、访谈调查及数据分析。结果 昭通市已切实执行省市的建档立卡贫困户医疗保障政策,但仍面临问题,如医保基金压力过大、贫困人口医疗保障制度待完善和未精准识别健康扶贫对象。结论 建议通过运用商业大病保险防大病从而防御灾难性卫生支出,构建和完善贫困人口医疗保障政策体系,调整健康扶贫“精准识别”政策,促进完善贫困人口的医疗保障。     

The effect of new insurance coverage on the health status of low-income children in Santa Clara County

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether providing health insurance coverage to undocumented children affects the health of those children. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: The data come from a survey of 1235 parents of enrollees in the new insurance program ("Healthy Kids") in Santa Clara County, California. The survey was conducted from August 2003 to July 2004. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using a group of children insured for one year as the study group (N=626) and a group of newly insured children as the comparison group (N=609). Regression analysis is used to adjust for differences in the groups according to a range of characteristics. DATA COLLECTION: Parents were interviewed by telephone in either English or Spanish (most responded in Spanish). The response rate was 89 percent. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The study group-who were children continuously insured by Healthy Kids for one year-were significantly less likely to be in fair/poor health and to have functional impairments than the comparison group of newly insured children (15.9 percent versus 28.5 percent and 4.5 percent versus 8.4 percent, respectively). Impacts were largest among children who enrolled for a specific medical reason (such as an illness or injury); indeed, the impact on functional limitations was evident only for this subgroup. The study group also had fewer missed school days than the comparison group, but the difference was significant only among children who did not enroll for a medical reason. CONCLUSIONS: Health insurance coverage of undocumented children in Santa Clara County was associated with significant improvements in children's health status. The size of this association could be overstated, since the comparison sample included some children who enrolled because of an illness or other temporary health problem that would have improved even without insurance coverage. However, even after limiting the study sample to children who did not enroll for a medical reason, a significant association remained between children's reported health and their health coverage. We thus cautiously conclude that Healthy Kids had a favorable impact on children's health.     

Filling out the forms: Health literacy among the uninsured

This study addresses health literacy among patients at a free clinic in Syracuse, NY. Researchers conducted chart reviews of 600 patients and qualitative interviews with 22 patients and 7 providers. Most clinic patients had a high school, or higher, level education and no difficulty with reading comprehension. Nevertheless, a majority had at least some difficulty with comprehending and following through on health information. For many interviewees, the greatest difficulty was completing the required forms for entitlement programs. The findings demonstrate that low health literacy may occur even among well-educated patients and recommend that health literacy be assessed for all patients.     

健康扶贫机制与政策探讨

  目的  我国计划在2020年实现全民脱贫,其中健康扶贫政策在帮助患病贫困人口脱贫方面发挥了重要的作用。但政策现状和实际帮扶效果需要进行分析,以为进一步实施提供建议。  方法  通过统计山东省患病贫困人口情况和2015 — 2017年健康扶贫系统数据,分析目前山东省健康扶贫政策实施效果,并对政策效果中存在的问题进行讨论。  结果  截止2017年底,山东省健康扶贫政策已使35.3万患病贫困人口脱贫,当前贫困人口主要集中在山东省西部地区。帮扶对象病情基本稳定或好转,但治愈率低。帮扶人口医疗费用报销比例较高。  结论  山东省健康扶贫政策实施效果明显,但目前部分地区返贫人数较多,患病人口实际治疗效果仍需进一步巩固。     

Increasing Health Insurance Coverage in the First Year of Life

Objectives: To determine the proportion of infants who are uninsured and the sociodemographic characteristics of their mothers, including prenatal and post-partum insurance coverage, in order to identify strategies to increase infant health coverage. Methods: Data from the 2001 California Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (MIHA) were analyzed. MIHA is a cross-sectional survey of a statewide representative sample of 3,475 postpartum women. We calculated the proportion of uninsured infants overall and by several maternal characteristics. Adjusted and unadjusted odds ratios for infant uninsurance are reported. Results: In the overall study sample, 8.7% of infants were uninsured. Low-income infants were significantly more likely to be uninsured than infants in households with incomes above 200% of the federal poverty level (13.7% vs. 2.5%). The mother's prenatal and post-partum health coverage, her age, and family income were associated with an increased risk of infant uninsurance after adjustment for other maternal characteristics. A large majority of the uninsured infants (88.1%) were living in low-income families. The mothers of 60% of the uninsured infants were enrolled in Medicaid during the pregnancy. Conclusions: Approximately 14% of California's low-income infants were uninsured at the time of the survey despite being income-eligible for Medicaid. The proportion of uninsured infants could potentially be reduced by more than one-half through strategies to provide 12 month continuous enrollment of infants with federally mandated Medicaid eligibility for the first year of life.     

The Georgian healthcare system: is it reaching the WHO health system goals?

After the break-up of the Soviet Union, the country of Georgia suffered from intense civil unrest and socio-economic deterioration, which particularly affected the health sector. To remedy the situation, the government initiated health sector reform, which introduced major changes in healthcare financing in Georgia: the previously free healthcare model was replaced by social insurance, and patients were required to pay out-of-pocket for services not covered by insurance. This paper is an attempt to determine if the health system of Georgia is reaching the WHO health system goals of improved health status, responsiveness to patients' needs (consumer satisfaction), and financial risk protection as a result of health reforms.     

The Starting Well Health Demonstration Project

This paper describes the initial development and implementation of the Starting Well Health Demonstration Project, Scotland’s national child health demonstration project. The Project, initially launched in 2000, aims to demonstrate that child health can be improved by a program of activities that both supports families and provides them with access to enhanced community-based resources. Early process outcomes will be presented and policy implications arising out of the Project to date will be explored.     

现行医疗保险制度对住院患者就医行为影响的调查研究

通过对不同医疗保险住院患者的就医行为的调查，了解我国卫生体制改革后，新的医疗保险制度在规范和调解医疗服务市场中所起的作用，为不断完善我国医疗保险制度，不断提高我国医疗保险管理水平提供参考资料。我们采用问卷调查方式，对成都市5个城区14家医院的574名住院患者进行调查。结果发现医疗保险情况、年龄、职业和收入对患者的就医行为有影响。     

居民现金卫生支出致贫影响分析：基于社区卫生综合改革典型城市居民健康询问调查

目的：比较8个社区卫生综合改革典型城市卫生筹资政策对居民现金卫生支出致贫的影响。方法：采用相关分析,探讨城镇居民人均可支配收入、卫生筹资结构与贫困发生率的关系。结果：现金卫生支出致贫影响最大人群是最贫困人群。结论：城市居民“因病致贫”随着卫生筹资结构中个人筹资的减少而得到缓解;居民现金卫生支出使贫困人群更加贫困,对富裕人群影响不大。     

广州市12个区(县级市)妇幼保健服务综合绩效评价体系的构建

目的 探索构建广州市12个区(县级市)妇幼保健服务综合绩效评价指标体系,旨在为广州12个区(县级市)妇幼保健工作绩效管理提供思路和依据。 方法 选取《2011年广州市妇幼保健年报表》,主要包括《广州市产科质量情况年报表》、《广州市孕产妇保健和健康情况年报表》、《广州市7岁以下儿童保健和健康情况年报表》为研究对象。采用因子分析法对筛选指标进行综合分析,对各区(县级市)妇幼保健服务完成情况进行综合评价。 结果 根据绩效评价指标体系框架,从工作量、工作质量、工作过程、工作成效4个维度对广州市12个区(县级市)妇幼保健服务绩效进行评价的综合得分结果显示,排位前3位的为PY,BY和HZ区,排位靠后的为ZC,LW和HP区。 结论 本研究构建的模型客观地反映了广州市12个区(县级市)妇幼保健服务的4个维度,既体现了工作量所带来的工作难度,也显现了过程的重要性,同时统一了产出和结果,充分体现了妇幼卫生工作的主要维度。建议今后根据每年工作重心,对妇幼绩效考核指标的选取进行适当调整。     

世界银行—云南省妇幼卫生扶贫资金项目服务公平性的效果分析

目的：以住院分娩服务为例,分析妇幼卫生扶贫资金项目对卫生服务利用公平性改善的情况,结果：对照县的孕产妇利用住院分娩服务的集中指数为0．0215,实验县为0．0001,可近似等于0,表明实验县不同经济组的孕产妇利用住院分娩的服务是完全公平的,妇幼卫生扶贫资金确实改变了贫困农村妇女对柱院分娩服务利用的公平性。