萘酚修饰超高交联吸附树脂的制备及吸附动力学

明胶为分散剂,液蜡为致孔剂,交联反应中溴乙烷代替有毒氯甲醚,以β-萘酚参与Friedel-Crafts后交联反应,成功制备了酚羟基修饰的超高交联吸附树脂LM-6。树脂物理性能研究表明,LM-6具有比苯酚修饰超高交联树脂更大的比表面积和酚羟基含量;扫描电镜(SEM)表明,β-萘酚修饰的超高交联吸附树脂具有纳米吸附高分子材料特征;动力学分析表明,树脂对β-萘酚吸附界面层厚于萘,树脂和β-萘酚分子间具有更大的吸附力;拟合曲线均不经过原点说明LM-6对β-萘酚和萘的吸附由颗粒内扩散和颗粒外膜扩散共同控制。     

醚键型超高交联吸附树脂对苯胺和苯酚的吸附性能

以苯乙醚和氯甲醚为原料,一步合成了含氧的亲水性超高交联吸附树脂OCHR-2。树脂的比表面积为352.45 m2/g,含氧量为11.91%。用树脂Amberlite XAD-4为对比对象,研究了两种树脂对水中苯酚及苯胺的吸附性能。结果表明,相同条件下,树脂OCHR-2对苯胺的吸附量可达XAD-4的2.25倍,对苯酚的吸附量最高为XAD-4的3倍。树脂对苯胺和苯酚的吸附符合Freundlich和Langmuir吸附等温线;树脂OCHR-2对苯胺的吸附为吸热过程,对苯酚的吸附为放热过程。树脂经过5次再生利用后,吸附量没有发生明显的变化,说明树脂具有很好的可再生能力;树脂OCHR-2有望在酚类和胺类废水资源化治理中得到实际应用。     

萘酚修饰超高交联吸附树脂的制备及吸附动力学EI北大核心

明胶为分散剂,液蜡为致孔剂,交联反应中溴乙烷代替有毒氯甲醚,以β-萘酚参与Friedel-Crafts后交联反应,成功制备了酚羟基修饰的超高交联吸附树脂LM-6。树脂物理性能研究表明,LM-6具有比苯酚修饰超高交联树脂更大的比表面积和酚羟基含量;扫描电镜(SEM)表明,β-萘酚修饰的超高交联吸附树脂具有纳米吸附高分子材料特征;动力学分析表明,树脂对β-萘酚吸附界面层厚于萘,树脂和β-萘酚分子间具有更大的吸附力;拟合曲线均不经过原点说明LM-6对β-萘酚和萘的吸附由颗粒内扩散和颗粒外膜扩散共同控制。     

巯基修饰的超高交联树脂对酚类化合物的吸附

对超高交联聚苯乙烯树脂进行巯基修饰,对比大孔吸附树脂(Amberlite XAD-4)对苯酚、对甲苯酚、对氯苯酚、对硝基苯酚在水溶液中进行吸附研究。经过巯基修饰的超高交联聚苯乙烯树脂(JN-8)具有亲水性高、对酚类化合物吸附容量大的优点,该树脂可望在高浓度含酚废水治理中得到应用。     

超高交联树脂对氯酚类化合物的吸附性能

通过静态吸附研究,比较了Am berlite XAD-4和ZH-01吸附树脂对水溶液中2-氯苯酚、2,4-二氯苯酚、2,4,6-三氯苯酚的吸附热力学特性。结果表明,在288 K~318 K和研究的浓度范围内,ZH-01、XAD-4对氯酚类化合物的吸附平衡数据符合F reund lich和L angm u ir吸附等温方程。2-氯苯酚在两树脂上的吸附为放热过程,是单分子层的物理吸附;而2,4-二氯苯酚和2,4,6-三氯苯酚在XAD-4吸附是单分子层物理吸附,在ZH-01的吸附属单分子层吸热过渡化学吸附,主要是毛细管凝聚和微孔填充作用造成的吸附。并计算了氯酚类化合物在两树脂上的吸附焓变、自由能变、吸附熵变,对吸附行为进行了合理的解释。     

光氯化-烷基化两步法制备超高交联树脂及对苯酚的吸附性能

通过对二甲苯侧链光氯化产物(CP)与苯(BE)的Friede-l Crafts烷基化聚合反应制备比表面积高达905m2/g的超高交联吸附树脂(CP-BE)材料,并用红外光谱(FT-IR)、元素分析(EA)及比表面积(BET)对其结构进行表征。以XDC-BE和市售Amberlite XAD-4为参照,在不同温度下,测试了三种吸附树脂对水溶液中苯酚的吸附性能,结果表明,CP-BE和XDC-BE树脂对苯酚的吸附量分别高达171 mg/g和143 mg/g,远高于国内外用于酚类吸附的Amberlite XAD-4树脂,有望在酚类废水资源化治理中得到实际应用。     

啶虫脒在超高交联吸附树脂上的吸附及脱附性能研究

本文从动态和静态的角度研究了均苯四甲酸酐修饰的超高交联吸附树脂（PMAR）和1,2,4-苯三酸酐修饰的超高交联吸附树脂（TMAR）对啶虫脒的吸附和脱附行为。结果表明：两种树脂对啶虫眯的吸附和脱附效果都比较好,TMAR的静态吸附量为470．9mg·g^-1干树脂,饱和吸附量为562．7mg·g^-1干树脂;PMAR的静态吸附量为453．4mg·g^-1干树脂,饱和吸附量为559．1mg·g^-1干树脂。两种树脂都易于脱附,用2mol·L^-1 HCl：乙醇（体积比1：1）作脱附剂,温度323K,脱附剂体积为9．5BV（床体积）时,PMAR的脱附率为98．13％,TMAR的脱附率为99．83％。     

含氧超高交联树脂的合成及对苯胺的吸附EI北大核心CSCD

以4,4’-二氯甲基联苯和苯甲醇为原料,通过付-克烷基化反应一步合成了一种比表面积较高、孔径较小的含氧超高交联吸附树脂OCHR-3,并用红外、元素分析及比表面积测定等手段对树脂的结构进行了表征。测定结果表明,树脂OCHR-3的比表面积为1028.03m2/g,含氧量为1.35%。以水溶液中的苯胺为吸附对象,考察了树脂OCHR-3在不同温度下对苯胺的吸附性能,并对吸附过程的静态吸附动力学进行了初步的研究。结果表明,随着温度的升高,树脂对苯胺的吸附量变大,并且,树脂OCHR-3对苯胺的吸附量远大于相同条件下XAD-4的吸附量。     

交联球形壳聚糖树脂制备与吸附性能研究

介绍了壳聚糖—乙酸溶液制备球交联形壳聚糖树脂的方法 ,考察了各种制备因素对产品性能的影响 ,得到了较为合适的反应条件。产品溶酸性能、吸附性能有较大提高 ,并且容易再生。     

大孔树脂的系列胺基化修饰及对芦丁的吸附性能

以氯甲基化聚苯乙烯型树脂为原料,分别采用乙二胺、丁二胺、己二胺进行修饰,制备了几种不同极性的胺基树脂,并用红外、扫描电镜等进行了表征。研究结果表明,系列胺基化的大孔树脂对芦丁吸附与洗脱情况呈现一定规律性,己二胺修饰树脂对芦丁动态吸附率约为43.6%,动态解析率约为96%,其吸附和洗脱能力强于市售产品。该吸附等温线能用Freundlich公式很好地拟合。实验的研究结果对于天然产物的提取和分离提供了新的手段。     

腰果壳油基超交联聚合物的制备及吸附VOCs性能EI北大核心

以农业副产物腰果壳油为原料,通过外交联法和溶剂交联法分别制备超交联聚合物(HCPs)吸附剂F-HCP和C-HCP,并对其吸附挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)性能进行研究。采用红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析(TGA)、N2吸-脱附法和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等方法对制备的吸附剂进行表征,以静态吸附法考察两种超交联聚合物对六种VOCs的吸附性能,以邻二甲苯为典型VOC进行动态吸附,探讨进气浓度对吸附能力的影响。结果表明:相较于C-HCP,F-HCP显示出较高的静态吸附性能,其对邻二甲苯、甲苯、环己烷、正己烷、丁酮、丙酮的静态吸附量分别为930,801,300,214,203,164 mg·g^(-1);在进气浓度为2171 mg·m^(-3)时,F-HCP和C-HCP对邻二甲苯的动态吸附量分别为149 mg·g^(-1)和146 mg·g^(-1),平衡吸附量随进气浓度的增加而增大。循环再生吸附实验表明,C-HCP 5次循环吸附后的吸附量为首次吸附量的93.9%。     

Synergistic adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution onto polymeric adsorbents

Adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution onto a nonpolar adsorbent, aminated adsorbent and weak base adsorbent (Amberlite XAD4, NDA103 and Amberlite IRA96C, respectively) at temperatures from 293 to 313K was studied for the weak interactions between the phenol molecules and the polymeric adsorbents. Isotherms of Langmuir and Freundlich equation with characteristic parameters for different adsorbents were well fitted to the batch equilibrium adsorption data. The adsorption capacity on NDA103 driven by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interaction together is higher than that on IRA96C driven by hydrogen bonding interaction only and on XAD4 driven by van der Waals interaction only. For evaluating synergistic adsorption for phenol-water systems onto polymeric adsorbents, the adsorption capacity is normalized to the amounts of specific surface area and amino groups of adsorbents. The synergistic effect with other weak interactions would contribute more to the adsorption as acting simultaneously than that of acting individually.     

Adsorption of trichloroethylene and benzene vapors onto hypercrosslinked polymeric resin

In this research, the adsorption equilibria of trichloroethylene (TCE) and benzene vapors onto hypercrosslinked polymeric resin (NDA201) were investigated by the column adsorption method in the temperature range from 303 to 333 K and pressures up to 8 kPa for TCE, 12 kPa for benzene. The Toth and Dubinin–Astakov (D–A) equations were tested to correlate experimental isotherms, and the experimental data were found to fit well by them. The good fits and characteristic curves of D–A equation provided evidence that a pore-filling phenomenon was involved during the adsorption of TCE and benzene onto NDA-201. Moreover, thermodynamic properties such as the Henry's constant and the isosteric enthalpy of adsorption were calculated. The isosteric enthalpy curves varied with the surface loading for each adsorbate, indicating that the hypercrosslinked polymeric resin has an energetically heterogeneous surface. In addition, a simple mathematic model developed by Yoon and Nelson was applied to investigate the breakthrough behavior on a hypercrosslinked polymeric resin column at 303 K and the calculated breakthrough curves were in high agreement with corresponding experimental data.     

十七氟癸基修饰的疏水二氧化硅膜材料的制备及氢气分离性能

通过溶胶-凝胶法,以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和十七氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷(PFDTES)为前驱体,在酸性和洁净室条件下制备了十七氟癸基修饰的SiO2膜材料,分别通过动态光散射技术、接触角测量、红外光谱以及热重分析等测试手段对溶胶的粒径分布及膜材料的疏水性能进行了表征,并深入研究了十七氟癸基修饰后膜材料的氢气渗透和分离性能.结果表明,当摩尔比n(PFDTES)/n(TEOS)=0.2时,溶胶的粒径狭窄分布在3.9nm.十七氟癸基已成功修饰到SiO2膜材料中,十七氟癸基的修饰使得膜材料从亲水性变为疏水性,在上述摩尔比例下,膜材料对水的接触角达到112.0°±0.6°.H2的单组分渗透率随温度的升高而增大,300℃时达到10.00×10-7 mol/(m2·s·Pa),H2/CO2的单组分理想分离系数及双组分分离系数分别达到6.10和13.30,均高于其Knudsen扩散分离因子(4.69),H2在膜材料中的输运主要遵循活化扩散机理.     

金属基吸附剂及其复合材料吸附除氟研究进展

化工、冶炼、电池等行业所排放的氟废水引发的氟中毒现象备受关注,分析了沉淀、膜处理、离子交换、吸附等技术的优缺点,吸附法由于操作简单、经济高效被认为是极具前景的水体除氟方法。本文对铝基、铁基、稀土基、金属有机骨架吸附剂及其改性材料在含氟废水中的除氟性能进行了总结和评价,分析了其制备过程、脱氟机制以及外界影响因素。发现材料晶型可以决定吸附过程的吸附能,大的比表面积可以在吸附过程中提供更多的活性位点,良好的孔结构可以降低吸附传质阻力,提高吸附性能;材料表面官能团的强化、不同金属材料的复合协同作用可以提高吸附剂的脱氟效率,可为今后制备新型高效除氟材料提供参考。提出了目前吸附除氟领域亟待解决的问题并对金属基吸附剂在除氟领域的发展作出展望。     

印迹改性磁性交联壳聚糖的表征及吸附性能

为了提高壳聚糖（CS）对Pb²⁺的去除能力,制备了印迹改性磁性交联壳聚糖（Pb-TMCS）,采用FTIR、SEM和XRD对其结构和形态进行了表征,研究了Pb-TMCS对Pb²⁺的吸附、脱附性能及选择性。结果表明：与CS相比,Pb-TMCS的表面孔隙和褶皱增多;Pb-TMCS引入了更多的-OH和-NH₂;Pb-TMCS内部包覆磁性物质Fe₃O₄,Pb-TMCS对 CS的相对选择性系数大于2;Pb-TMCS对Pb²⁺的吸附量从CS的25.57 mg/g提高到45.26 mg/g,脱附3次后仍可重复使用。Pb-TMCS回收方便,对Pb²⁺选择吸附性能好,无污染,在重金属废水处理中具有广阔的应用前景。     

双官能基改性硅油的制备和表征

以八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)、长链烷基甲基二甲氧基硅烷(HD-109)、N-β.氨乙基-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷(YDH-602)和六甲基二硅氧烷(MM)为原料,在四甲基氢氧化铵(TMAH)催化下,采用本体聚合反应合成了一种新型硅油-氨基与长链烷基共改性硅油(ADMPS).对实验条件进行了优化探索,结果表明:反应温度110～115℃、反应时间8h、YDH-602和HD-109用量占D4的质量分数分别为7%～8%和9%时,可获得黏度适宜、应用性能较好的双官能基硅油.用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了表征.     

Preparation of adsorbents made from sewage sludges for adsorption of organic materials from wastewater

The carbon-bearing adsorbents were prepared from biochemical and surplus sludges by physical activation and chemical activation. The results indicated that the adsorbents made by way of chemical activation were better, with the optimum activator being complex of ZnCl(2) and H(2)SO(4). Moreover, the optimum preparation conditions were concentration of two activators 5 mol/L (the ratio of ZnCl(2) and H(2)SO(4) was 2:1), at the activating temperature of 550 degrees C, in the proportion of solid to liquid 1:2.5, in a period of 2h. Contrasting the active carbon, the carbon-bearing adsorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), BET and BJH. By application of those adsorbents to treatment of wastewater of urban, the treatment effect of the carbon-bearing adsorbents were better than the active carbon. On the condition that the concentration was 0.5%, the COD, P and chromaticity color removal rates of carbon-bearing adsorbent made from the biochemical sludge of sewage were higher, which were 79.1, 98.3 and 87.5%, respectively, and the dynamic adsorption capacity was 47.8 mg/g.