Oxygen Isotopic Compositions of the Cape Ashizuri Granitoids in Southwest Japan

Oxygen isotopic composition was determined on representative samples of the Cape Ashizuri plutonic rocks, in order to estimate the genetic background of the biotite granite and alkaline granitoids. The biotite granite (70.1–76.1% SiO₂) ranged from 8.61 to 9.30‰ δ¹⁸O and averaged as 8.9‰ δ¹⁸O (n = 3), which is much smaller than the same Miocene granitoids of the Okueyama (avg. 10.1‰) and Takakumayama (11.6‰) granitic bodies, which are associated with tin mineralization. Among the alkaline granitoids, quartz syenites also have values as low as 7.14–8.70‰, with an average of 8.0‰ (n = 3), and monzonite and gabbro vary from 6.14 to 7.86‰, with an average of 7.0‰ (n = 3). These alkaline granitoids may be lower crustal in origin. The gabbroids containing 12.5% MgO at the maximum with low Sr initial ratio, are considered to be derived from the upper mantle through the fore‐arc tectonic break‐up on the subducting slab.     

蚀变洋壳和俯冲带变质流体的Fe-Mg同位素组成

贫碳酸盐的蚀变洋壳具有与新鲜洋中脊玄武岩一致的Mg同位素组成,说明低温和高温洋壳蚀变不会导致Mg同位素分馏.大别山港河和花凉亭的早期变质脉比榴辉岩具有偏高的δ56Fe-δ26Mg值,而且早期到晚期变质脉的δ56Fe-δ26Mg值逐渐降低.这些结果说明,在流体-岩石反应和流体演化过程中,Fe-Mg同位素发生了显著的分馏,且矿物溶解-再沉淀是同位素分馏的控制因素.相比洋中脊玄武岩,蚀变洋壳和变质脉具有相似或偏高的δ56Fe-δ26Mg值,说明蚀变洋壳脱水产生的流体富集重Fe-Mg同位素,不能解释弧岩浆岩的轻Fe/重Mg同位素组成.因此,弧岩浆岩异常的Fe-Mg同位素组成是熔体提取和富集54Fe-26Mg的蛇纹岩流体交代地幔楔两个过程共同作用的结果.      

Oxygen, Sulfur and Lead Isotopic Compositions and Sources of the Ore Metals of Dapai Iron Polymetallic Deposit in Southwestern Fujian Province

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伊犁京希—伊尔曼德金矿床的热液蚀变及成矿流体演化特征

京希－伊尔曼德金矿床的热液蚀变在空间上有明显的分带性，中心蚀变带以强烈的硅化为主，典型的蚀变矿物组合为石英或玉髓和地开石，中间带为高级泥化带，以地开石－高岭石－石英或玉髓为特征；外带为以蒙脱石－高岭石－伊利石－其他粘土矿物等矿物组合为主的泥化带，蚀变强度和矿物组合的分带性是温度、压力和化学梯度的反映，是流体在不断的水或流体－岩石反应和成分交换的产物。该矿床成矿流体演化过程为：早期酸性（pH=2-3)含矿流体在沿断裂上升过程中，受围岩灰岩中的流体（pH为中性）缓冲，在其进入高渗透性的碎屑岩层时，流速和水－岩石或流休－岩石反应大大加快，并在与大气降水的混合作用下，pH值逐步升高（3－5），产生了流体的温度及成分梯度，在温度和压力迅速下降的条件下，金及蚀变矿物沉淀、结晶生长，形成了蚀变空间分带，中心带保存完好的多孔状石英和地开石等高级泥化矿物组合说明该矿床是高硫化热液体系作用下的产物。     

Oxygen Isotopic Study on the Date‐Nagai Skarn‐Type Tungsten Deposit,Northeastern Japan

The skarn‐type tungsten deposit of the Date‐Nagai mine is genetically related to the granodiorite batholith of the Iidateyama body. Skarn is developed along the contact between pelitic hornfels and marble that remains as a small roof pendant body directly above the granodiorite batholith. Zonal arrangement of minerals is observed in skarn. The zonation consists of wollastonite, garnet, garnet‐epidote, and vesuvianite‐garnet zones, from marble to hornfels. Sheelite is included in garnet, garnet‐epidote, and vesuvianite‐garnet zones. The oxygen isotope values of skarn minerals were obtained as δ¹⁸O = 4.2–7.7‰ for garnet, 5.9–6.9‰ for vesuvianite, ?0.3–3.4‰ for scheelite, 6.0–10.9‰ for quartz, and 8.2‰ for muscovite. The temperature of skarn‐formation was calculated from oxygen isotopic values of scheelite‐quartz pairs to be 288°C. Calculated oxygen isotope values of fluid responsible for skarn minerals were 6.1–9.5‰ for garnet, 1.2–4.8‰ for scheelite, ?1.3‐3.6‰ for quartz, and 4.5‰ for muscovite. Garnet precipitated from the fluids of different δ¹⁸O values from scheelite, quartz, and muscovite. These δ¹⁸O values suggest that the origin of fluid responsible for garnet was magmatic water, while evidence for the presence of a meteoric component in the fluids responsible for middle to later stages minerals was confirmed.     

河南桐柏县破山银矿和银洞坡金矿的硫同位素研究

河南桐柏县围山城金银成矿带的破山银矿和银洞坡金矿位于河前庄背斜的轴部和两翼,围岩为歪头山岩组,矿体受地层和构造的双重控制。两个矿床的矿石硫同位素δ34S值变化范围很窄,位于-1.8‰～5.3‰之间,具塔式效应,与围岩的硫同位素组成类似,具有深源硫的特征,由混合总体筛分可推测围岩提供了大部分硫源,破山银矿δ34S∑S为2.8‰左右。同时赋矿围岩的Au、Ag含量远远高于地壳丰度,因此可推断成矿物质主要来源于围岩歪头山岩组。     

洋中脊热液系统中的锇及其同位素

洋中脊热液系统是将相对富集在深部的Os运移到海底表面的重要媒介,同时该过程也是全球Os循环的重要组成部分.在归纳总结洋中脊热液系统各物源组分和产物中Os的化学形态、含量及其同位素组成特征的基础上,探讨了Os在洋中脊热液活动各阶段中的分布演化规律及物源贡献特征.在缺乏沉积物覆盖的洋中脊区域,热液系统中的Os及其同位素组成特征主要受控于海水和不同构造环境下洋壳组分特征的差异以及这两种物源组分混合比例的不同.经历了海底之下的水岩反应后,围岩会将下渗海水中的部分放射性成因Os固定,而将自身富集的非放射性成因Os释放进入热液流体中.堆积在海底之上的各种热液产物中的Os大多来自海水,而海底之下的热液产物则因为海水下渗深度以及海水与热液流体混合程度的差异而体现出宽泛的Os含量和187Os/188Os比值变化范围.      

Geochemistry of Ore Fluids and Rb-Sr Isotopic Dating for the Wulong Gold Deposit in Liaoning, China

On the basis of detailed geological studies of the Wulong gold deposit, three metallogenic stages can be identified. With quartz fluid inclusions as an object of study, the authors investigated phase characteristics, compositional variations, temperature and pressure changes, fluid evolution, Pb isotope tracing and Rb-Sr isotopic dating of fluid inclusions entrapped in the above three metallogenic stages. The results show that Na+ is decreased obviously with metallogenic evolution, while K+ and other cations and gas compositions (H2, CO, CH4 and CO2) are increased slightly, and that the temperature and salinity vary in a pulsating manner along with the metallogenic evolution. Inverse calculation of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes indicate that at the first metallogenic stage the fluids were magmatic water, at the second stage they were dominated by magmatic water with a minor amount of meteoric water involved, and at the third stage, i.e., the final stage of metallogenesis, the fluids were composed complete     

粤北仙石铀矿床的铅、碳、硫同位素研究

仙石铀矿床位于粤北贵东复式花岗岩体东部,矿体赋存于NWW向辉绿岩与NEE向硅化带交接部位。矿床中黄铁矿以富集放射成因铀铅为特征,3组比值分别为(^208Pb／^304Pb)．=18．756—23．883,(^207Pb／^304Pb)1=15．676～15．932,(^208Pb／^204Pb),=38．530—38．938,主要位于基底变质岩铅范围内;矿床中方解石δ^18C值为-8．5‰～-3．1‰,相似于地幔值((-5±2)‰);黄铁矿δ^18C值为-10．1‰～-8．3‰,它与花岗岩中黄铁矿δ^18C值(-10．9‰--7．1‰)相似,而与辉绿岩中黄铁矿δ^18C值(-0．03‰～2．1‰)区别明显。上述同位素特征表明仙石铀矿床的成矿物质具多源特征。     

银川盆地水体氢氧稳定同位素特征分析

中国西北部银川盆地干旱少雨,大量的黄河水用于灌溉,灌溉入渗水对地下水循环的参与程度、参与深度研究是进一步解决灌区水环境问题和确定地下水污染来源的关键,需要深入研究。笔者通过氢氧稳定同位素特征分析和氚同位素年龄分析,构建了银川盆地不同水体同位素特征分布关系。结果表明:银川盆地降水和流经的黄河水的氢氧稳定同位素丰度均值都分布在全球雨水线上,降水和黄河水符合全球大气降水来源;深层地下水、浅层地下水及由地下水排泄汇集的排水沟水的氢氧稳定同位素都分布在地下水拟合线上(δD=8.24δ18O+1.08)。这条地下水拟合线与全球雨水线近似平行分布。两线之间的差异指向2种不同水循环的主导过程,即蒸发-混合主导过程和水岩交互-混合主导过程。两种解释对应的灌溉循环量分别占地下水排泄量的44.07%和89.76%,初步认为水岩交互-混合是地下水拟合线分布于全球雨水线下方的主导过程。     

Magmatic Nature of Mineralizing Fluids in the Solnechnoye Sn Deposit (Russia) Deduced from Isotopic (H,O) Compositions of Tourmaline

In this paper, we present new isotopic (H, O) data of fluids in tourmalines from the large Sn deposit at Solnechnoye (Far East Russia). These data indicate that the deposit formed by fluid‐rock interactions in a hydrothermal system where the mineralizing fluid was mainly magmatic and to a lesser extent meteoric. This is in agreement with a magmatic fluid model. Our interpretation of the new isotopic data is consistent with earlier findings of the studies on fluid‐rock interactions that magmatic fluids form larger Sn deposits than exogenic fluids. We propose that isotopic (H, O) data of fluids in tourmaline, rather than those in quartz, muscovite, or chlorite, support robust interpretation on the nature of mineralizing fluids associated with Sn deposits.     

西藏甲玛斑岩-矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床原位Pb同位素组成研究

西藏甲玛斑岩-矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床的成矿期次可划分为成矿前斯和矽卡岩成矿期(铜钼阶段、铜铋阶段、铁铜阶段和铜铅锌阶段)。应用飞秒激光剥蚀多接收等离子体质谱(fsLA-MC-ICP-MS)对甲玛矿床主要矿石中的硫化物和斑岩中的长石斑晶进行原位微区Pb同位素组成分析,测定结果与前人运用化学溶样法获得的Pb同位素组成基本一致,表明原位Pb同位素分析技术具有很高的可靠性,不同成矿阶段的硫化物的Pb同位素组成总体一致表明成矿物质来自同一岩浆源区。斜长石和钾长石的Pb同位素组成对比研究显示,花岗斑岩与甲玛矿床的形成有直接成因联系,而花岗闪长斑岩很可能与成矿作用无关。通过对甲玛成矿物质来源的研究表明,有较多幔源物质加入的新生加厚下地壳部分熔融形成的岩浆为甲玛超大型矿床的形成提供了充足的Cu、Au等成矿物质。     

REE, Mn, Fe, Mg and C, O Isotopic Geochemistry of Calcites from Furong Tin Deposit, South China: Evidence for the Genesis of the Hydrothermal Ore-forming Fluids

The Furong tin deposit in the central Nanling region, South China, consists of three main types of mineralization ores, i.e. skarn-, altered granite- and greisen-type ores, hosted in Carboniferous and Permian strata and Mesozoic granitic intrusions. Calcite is the dominant gangue mineral intergrown with ore bodies in the orefield. We have carried out REE, Mn, Fe, and Mg geochemical and C, and O isotopic studies on calcites to constrain the source and evolution of the ore-forming fluids. The calcites from the Furong deposit exhibit middle negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*= 0.311–0.921), except for one which has an Eu/Eu* of 1.10, with the total REE content of 5.49–133 ppm. The results show that the calcites are characterized by two types of REE distribution patterns: a LREE-enriched pattern and a flat REE pattern. The LREE-enriched pattern of calcites accompanying greisen-type ore and skarn-type ore are similar to those of Qitianling granite. The REE, Mn, Fe, and Mg abundances of calcites exhibit a decreasing tendency from granite rock mass to wall rock, i.e. these abundances of calcites associated with altered granite-type and greisen-type ores are higher than those associated with skarn-type ores. The calcites from primary ores in the Furong deposit show large variation in carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions. The δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O of calcites are −0.4 to −12.7‰ and 2.8 to 16.4‰, respectively, and mainly fall within the range between mantle or magmatic carbon and marine carbonate. The calcites from greisen and altered granite ores in the Furong deposit display a negative correlation in the diagram of δ¹³C versus δ¹⁸O, probably owing to the CO₂-degassing of the ore-forming fluids. From the intrusion to wall-rock, the calcites display an increasing tendency with respect to δ¹³C values. This implies that the carbon isotopic compositions of the ore-bearing fluids have progressively changed from domination by magmatic carbon to sedimentary carbonate carbon. In combination with other geological and geochemical data, we suggest that the ore-forming fluids represent magmatic origin. We believe that the fluids exsolved from fractionation of the granitic magma, accompanying magmatism of the Qitianling granite complex, were involved in the mineralization of the Furong tin polymetallic deposit.     

内蒙古哈什吐钼矿床熔融-流体包裹体特征及硫同位素组成

哈什吐钼矿床是近年来在大兴安岭中段地区新发现的矿床,矿体产出于花岗岩体内,是一个与酸性岩浆作用密切相关的内生金属矿床.矿床金属矿物组成主要为辉钼矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿、毒砂等.包裹体研究表明包裹体类型主要为液体包裹体(Ia型)、气体包裹体(Ib型)、含子晶包裹体(Ic型)及熔融包裹体(II型)构成.不同类型包裹体共存产出表明这些包裹体大都经历了流体沸腾作用.包裹体均一测温表明流体包裹体均一温度主要变化于250~500 ℃,熔融包裹体均一温度集中变化于750~950 ℃.计算得到流体盐度、压力和密度变化范围分别为1%~49% NaCl eqv、5~100 MPa、0.7~1.1 g/cm3.包裹体研究表明哈什吐钼矿床成矿流体为一种高温度、高盐度、高压力、中高密度且含一定量CO₂的流体,该流体可归属为H₂O-NaCl-CO₂-SO₄2-体系.硫化物的δ34Sv-cdt(‰)变化范围为0.4‰~3.8‰,计算得到成矿流体的δ34S_H2S(‰)变化范围为1.1‰~4.7‰,硫同位素组成表明成矿作用与深部岩浆作用有密切联系.矿床成矿流体演化过程发生了流体沸腾和混合作用,显著的减压沸腾作用是造成成矿体系发生大量硫化物沉淀的主要机制.哈什吐钼矿床的发现对该区寻找岩浆热液型的内生多金属矿床具有重要的启示意义.该区找矿勘探应重视岩体与不同岩性岩石及构造带的接触部位以及岩体与构造断裂交汇的部位.      

西昆仑沙子沟铜矿区花岗闪长岩年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素特征

沙子沟铜矿床位于西昆仑造山带西段,矿区内发育与成矿关系密切的花岗闪长岩体。笔者针对该岩体开展了岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Lu-Hf同位素组成的研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果为（213.7±2.6）Ma,为锆石结晶年龄,属于晚三叠世;锆石Hf同位素组成表明εHf（t）值为-2.72~1.21,显示成岩过程中有少量幔源岩浆的参与;岩石地球化学结果表明花岗闪长岩具有富钙、富钾、富镁、富铁的特征,铝饱和指数A/CNK为0.99~1.04（<1.1）,具有中等强度的负Eu异常（δEu为0.54~0.94,平均为0.79）,富集Rb、Th、K、Nd、Sm和LREE等大离子亲石元素,亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti和HREE等高场强元素,显示了I型花岗岩的特征。沙子沟铜矿床成因为岩浆热液型,其早期成矿时代与沙子沟花岗闪长岩形成时代吻合,成矿物质主要来自造山带下地壳,矿区弱过铝质I型花岗岩为成矿提供物源和热源。笔者认为沙子沟花岗闪长岩构造背景属古特提斯洋俯冲碰撞造山作用之后的后碰撞伸展构造,源岩可能由地幔底侵古老陆壳,是壳源花岗质岩浆与幔源基性岩浆发生强烈混合作用的产物,正是这种壳幔物质交换为区内铜多金属矿化提供大量成矿物质来源。     

西藏蒙亚啊铅锌矿区花岗斑岩年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素组成特征

蒙亚啊铅锌矿床位于冈底斯铅锌成矿带东段,矿区发育大量的花岗斑岩体.本文通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、主量元素、微量元素地球化学和锆石Hf同位素组成探讨了花岗斑岩体侵位时序、岩石成因、成岩物质源区及其与成矿之间的关系.锆石U-Pb年代学测试结果表明,花岗斑岩体侵位时代为13.18～13.57 Ma,系中新世岩浆作用的产物.花岗斑岩富硅,富碱,A/CNK为1.04～1.15;稀土元素呈轻稀土富集的配分模式,发育明显的Eu负异常;微量元素中富集Rb、Th、U、K、Pb等大离子亲石元素,而Ba、Sr及高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ce、P、Zr、Ti则有不同程度的亏损.主量、微量元素综合研究结果显示花岗斑岩为高分异的S型花岗岩.花岗斑岩εHf(t)值为-9.0～1.6之间,平均值为-2.0;两阶段模式年龄为996～1673Ma,平均值为1225Ma.花岗斑岩亏损高场强元素及锆石Hf同位素组成特征指示岩浆物质源区为念青唐古拉群结晶基底.     

Constraints of Fe Isotopic Compositions on the Origin of the Luobusa Podiform Chromite Deposit, Tibet

<正>We measured Fe isotopic compositions of mineral separates of harzburgite,dunite and chromitite from Luobusa,Tibet as well as two harzburgites from Zedang for comparison to constrain the origin of podiform chromite deposits.The olivine(Ol)and orthopyroxene(Opx)of harzburgites from both localities have δ~(56) Fe values of     

Ag-rich Tetrahedrite in the El Zancudo Deposit,Colombia: Occurrence,Chemical Compositions and Genetic Temperatures

Chemical compositions of tetrahedrite—Ag-rich tetrahedrite—freibergite solid solutions (Ag-rich tetrahedrite_ss) and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in quartz and carbonates of seventeen samples from nine veins in the El Zancudo deposit, Antioquia, Colombia, were investigated to reveal the origin of silver in Ag-rich tetrahedrite_ss, to derive their crystallization temperatures and to examine the relationship between chemical compositions of Ag-rich tetrahedrite_ss and their crystallization temperatures. The ores consist of arsenopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite, Ag-rich tetrahedrite_ss, galena, boulangerite, andorite, owyheeite, diaphorite, jamesonite, miargyrite, bournonite, chalcopyrite, and electrum. Ag-rich tetrahedrite_ss forms about 10 volume % of the total ores and is one of the most common and widely distributed sulfosalts in this deposit. Ag-rich tetrahedrite_ss is rich in Ag (1.13 to 31.02 wt%) and Sb (22.93 to 29.82 wt%), and poor in As (0.06 to 2.43 wt%), consistent with the reported incompatibilities of Ag and As in Ag-rich tetrahedrite_ss. The Zn/(Zn + Fe)-, Ag/(Ag + Cu)- and Sb/(Sb + As + Bi)-atomic ratios exhibit some variations among the veins. Ag-rich tetrahedrite_ss with higher Ag/(Ag + Cu) ratios coexist with diaphorite, whereas those with lower ratios are not associated with this sulfosalt. Ag-rich tetrahedrite_ss in the assemblages of Ag-rich tetrahedrite_ss+ sphalerite and of Ag-rich tetrahedrite_ss+ bournonite + galena shows no Zn ↔ Fe and Cu ↔ Ag variations between core and rim, respectively, negating the possibility of solid state reaction during cooling. Ag-rich tetrahedrite_ss is thus regarded as primary phase. Homogenization temperatures of primary fluid inclusions in quartz and carbonates co-existing with Ag-rich tetrahedrite_ss define the mineralization temperatures of 134 to 263°C. Independent crystallization temperatures of Ag-rich tetrahedrite estimated based on Zn/(Zn + Fe) and Ag/(Ag + Cu) ratios of the Ag-rich tetrahedrite_ss associated with silver minerals such as miargyrite, andorite and diaphorite using Sack's thermochemical database lie in a range between 170 and ∼250°C. Both results are thus in good agreement.     

云南茂租铅锌矿床闪锌矿Rb-Sr同位素组成与地质意义

茂租铅锌矿床位于云南省东北部,赋存于上震旦统灯影组白云岩中,矿体主要呈似层状和脉状,矿石主要由闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿和方解石等组成。应用TIMS对选自茂租铅锌矿床主成矿期的5件闪锌矿单矿物进行了Rb-Sr同位素组成分析。结果显示,全部闪锌矿样品的Rb含量较低(0.05×10-6~0.18×10-6),Sr含量亦不高(0.33×10-6~10.02×10-6),87Rb/86Sr值变化范围较小,为0.052~0.850,87Sr/86Sr值较高,变化范围为0.7117~0.7210。虽然本次分析结果未获得理想的Rb-Sr等时线年龄,但根据年龄(200 Ma)校正后的87Sr/86Sr值(0.7106~0.7186),具有示踪成矿流体/物质来源的重要意义。与赋矿灯影组白云岩、区域寒武—二叠系沉积岩、峨眉山玄武岩和元古代基底岩石(昆阳群、会理群等)的87Sr/86Sr200 Ma值相比,茂租闪锌矿87Sr/86Sr值明显高于除基底岩石外的其它地质体,表明茂租铅锌矿床成矿流体可能来源或流经了基底岩石,并与来源或流经盖层岩石的流体发生了混合。结合前人资料,本文认为流体混合作用是导致茂租铅锌矿床形成的重要机制,加强流体运移途径的研究,对寻找新的矿体具有重要的理论指导意义。     

吉林荒沟山铅锌矿床热液叠加成矿作用流体来源及特征研究

荒沟山铅锌矿床为吉南老岭多金属成矿带内的代表性矿床之一,矿体产于元古宙老岭群珍珠门组之中,受地层和韧性剪切带控制。在成矿后期,矿床经历了热液叠加成矿作用,其对成矿元素的进一步富集起到重要作用。为探究热液叠加成矿作用中流体的来源及特征,采用流体包裹体显微测温及C、H、O同位素地球化学的研究方法对热液叠加成矿期各阶段流体的性质进行研究,结果表明:Ⅰ阶段即黄铁矿-石英阶段成矿流体属中低温、低盐度的NaCl-H2O体系;流体包裹体的δDH2O为-74.8‰~-87.4‰,δ18OH2O为8.3‰~9.8‰,δ13CV-PDB为-9.6‰~-10.8‰,具岩浆水的特点。Ⅱ阶段即方铅矿-石英阶段成矿流体为低温、低盐度的NaCl-H2O体系;流体包裹体的δDH2O为-91.4‰~-93.9‰,δ18OH2O为3.3‰~4.7‰,δ13CV-PDB为-9.5‰~-10.5‰,具岩浆水与大气降水混合流体的特点,但仍以岩浆水作用为主。