金属材料疲劳门槛与疲劳设计

介绍了疲劳设计准则的基本类型，说明了疲劳门槛的意义及其在疲劳设计中的作用，指出疲劳设计准则、疲劳载荷谱及无损检测技术是决定疲劳门槛能否作为疲劳设计参数的三个主要因素。     

基于结构疲劳寿命可视化技术的虚拟疲劳设计

介绍了大型图形用户界面有限元软件、疲劳寿命预测模型、疲劳寿命可视化方法等结构疲劳寿命可视化相关技术。分析了我国机械产品虚拟疲劳设计的应用现状和提高产品设计水平的迫切性；阐述了基于“全场”疲劳寿命可视化技术的产品虚拟疲劳设计构想。以有限元软件ANSYS为平台，采用自行开发的疲劳寿命可视化模块Fatigue／ANSYS对某飞机起落架框进行了疲劳寿命可视化分析及虚拟疲劳设计优化。     

基于疲劳短裂纹行为的疲劳寿命估算方法

在疲劳短裂纹形成和扩展行为基础上，提出了一种疲劳寿命估算方法。计算结果表明，该方法具有满意的预测精度。     

微动疲劳参数对钢丝微动疲劳磨损演化的影响*

微动疲劳易引起钢丝表面磨损和横截面积损失,进而造成钢丝断裂失效并缩短钢丝绳使用寿命。不同微动疲劳参数（接触载荷、疲劳载荷、钢丝直径和交叉角度）引起差异的钢丝微动疲劳磨损特性,故研究微动疲劳参数对钢丝微动疲劳磨损演化规律影响至关重要。基于摩擦学理论和Marc仿真软件构建钢丝微动疲劳磨损模型,探究接触载荷、疲劳载荷、交叉角度和钢丝直径对钢丝微动疲劳磨损演化的影响规律。结果表明：钢丝微动疲劳磨损体积主要与接触载荷和疲劳载荷有关;疲劳钢丝的磨损深度、磨损率及磨损体积随着接触载荷的增加而增大,且不同接触载荷下疲劳钢丝磨损体积均随着循环次数的增加而呈线性增加;随疲劳载荷幅值的增加,疲劳钢丝的磨损深度、磨损率及磨损体积均呈增加趋势;在不同疲劳载荷范围下疲劳钢丝的磨损体积均随着循环次数的增加而呈线性增加;当接触载荷、疲劳载荷及钢丝间摩擦因数相同时,不同交叉角度和不同加载钢丝直径下疲劳钢丝的磨损体积相同。     

加速疲劳试验的疲劳编辑技术

疲劳编辑技术可用来预估零部件疲劳测试周期,浓缩载荷信号以加速在实验室里用单通道、、多通道等技术进行的疲劳耐久性试验。结合一个实例介绍了多种工程上常用的疲劳编辑技术的思路及特点。     

机械构件疲劳强度可靠性计算方法

从疲劳强度理论出发，结合机械零件可靠性设计中的“应力－强度干涉理论”，研究了机械构件疲劳强度可靠性的计算方法，并进行了叉车门疲劳强度可靠性计算。     

A Proposal of Deciding Fatigue Strength in Bending Fatigue Test

Generally, the fatigue crack is initiated and then it is propagated toward the welding direction and the thickness direction. Finally, the joints lose the resistance to the external force. At present, as there is no deciding method of the fatigue strength （fatigue life）, this paper proposed it from the result obtained by bending test for fillet welded joints. Judging initiation of the fatigue crack from the measured value of strain gages, there was a possibility that the fatigue crack occurred at both sides of fillet welded joints. However, this was a different result from that of macrograph of cross section. On the other hand, the results obtained by FSM （field signature method） coincided with the result of macrograph of cross section. For the initial state, potential difference obtained by the electrostatic analysis based on FEM （finite element method） and that by FSM was accurately coincided. After confirming validity of the crack model for analysis, the crack model was specified by reproducing the propagating process of crack accurately through trial and error. It was concluded that the state which could not resist to the external force was regarded as fatigue strength based on equivalent stress obtained by elastic stress analysis for specified crack model. From the experimental result, it was proposed that 90% of repetition number corresponding to the state which could not resist to the external force （at the finish of the test） was regarded as fatigue strength （fatigue life） in consideration of safety and as the first approximation.     

Fretting Fatigue Life Estimation of Al 7075-T6 Using Plain Fatigue Test

Fretting fatigue occurs in many engineering applications. Fretting fatigue life is estimated by experiment, which is tedious and requires special equipment and instrumentation. In this study, we attempt to introduce a method for estimation of fretting fatigue life from plain fatigue (normal fatigue without fretting) experiments. The method employs the critical distance theory for estimation of fretting fatigue life of Al7075-T6 under rotary bending loading. The approach uses the Fatemi-Socie parameter (FSP) as a multiaxial criterion to account for the stress multiaxiality on focus path. A comparison between the predictions of the new approach with the experimental results shows that the approach is quite accurate for low stress or high cycle fatigue regimes but for high stresses it is slightly conservative. This method considers only elastic behavior for materials and two characteristic diagrams that are obtained simply by testing two simple notched specimens under plain fatigue conditions. The method is therefore an applicable approach that can be used in the context of finite fretting fatigue life estimation with no need for fretting fatigue tests.     

平地机半轴疲劳寿命预估及其台架疲劳试验

针对PY160平地机后桥链轮半轴实际载荷工况,编制了相应的8级载荷谱,利用载荷谱对改进前后的半轴进行疲劳寿命分析和预估,用等效强化对改进后的半轴进行室内台架疲劳试验。将半轴预估寿命,台架试验寿命及改进前后半轴的实际工程寿命进行对比和分析,验证了利用修正Miner法则与Goodman图线预估半轴疲劳寿命是可行和可靠的,满足实际工程需要的寿命预估,并为类似零部件的疲劳设计提供了方法和相关疲劳数据。     

超声疲劳试验方法在40Cr钢疲劳性能研究中的应用

用超声疲劳试验方法(频率为20kHz)测定40Cr钢在10^5～10^10周次范围内的疲劳寿命(S-N)曲线。结果表明，40Cr钢的疲劳寿命(SN)曲线在10^5～10^10周次范围内始终保持下降趋势，在l0^5周次以上没有水平段。超高频疲劳载荷下的S-N曲线同样能用Basquin关系式描述。与常规频率下的疲劳性能相比，高频载荷下的疲劳强度增加。20kHz循环载荷下，40Cr钢10^7周次的疲劳强度为443MPa，10^10周次时为235MPa。     

基于线性疲劳累计损伤橡胶悬置疲劳寿命预测研究

橡胶元件疲劳寿命的有效预测是其设计开发过程中的重要环节。引入橡胶元件线性疲劳累计损伤原理,提出张量形式橡胶疲劳寿命公式,且根据橡胶材料的实际承载工况提出其失效标准。依据橡胶材料的承载变形可简化为单轴拉伸及简单切应变,设计用于承载拉伸载荷的哑铃型橡胶试柱和承载剪切载荷的环形橡胶试柱,并实测疲劳寿命数据,以最小二乘法原理拟合拉伸与剪切的疲劳寿命函数公式。以车用变速箱悬置与发动机后悬置为疲劳寿命预测研究对象,通过分析其承载位移载荷时的应变张量,利用张量形式的疲劳寿命预测公式预测两种悬置在两种典型工况下的疲劳寿命。结果发现,橡胶材料的拉伸疲劳寿命曲线与简单剪切疲劳寿命曲线的变化趋势一致、形状类似、拟合函数幂指数十分接近;张量形式的疲劳寿命预测公式可有效地预测橡胶悬置的疲劳寿命。     

Fatigue Life Prediction under Service Load Considering Strengthening Effect of Loads below Fatigue Limit

Lightweight design requires an accurate life prediction for structures and components under service loading histories. However, predicted life with the existing methods seems too conservative in some cases, leading to a heavy structure. Because these methods are established on the basis that load cycles would only cause fatigue damage, ignore the strengthening effect of loads. Based on Palmgren-Miner Rule （PMR）, this paper introduces a new method for fatigue life prediction under service loadings by taking into account the strengthening effect of loads below the fatigue limit. In this method, the service loadings are classified into three categories： damaging load, strengthening load and none-effect load, and the process for fatigue life prediction is divided into two stages： stage I and stage II, according to the best strengthening number of cycles. During stage I, fatigue damage is calculated considering both the strengthening and damaging effect of load cycles. While during stage II, only the damaging effect is considered. To validate this method, fatigue lives of automobile half shaft and torsion beam rear axle are calculated based on the new method and traditional methods, such as PMR and Modified Miner Rule （MMR）, and fatigue tests of the two components are conducted under service loading histories. The tests results show that the percentage errors of the predicted life with the new method to mean life of tests for the two components are –3.78% and –1.76% separately, much lesser than that with PMR and MMR. By considering the strengthening effect of loads below the fatigue limit, the new method can significantly improve the accuracy for fatigue life prediction. Thus lightweight design can be fully realized in the design stage.     

铝合金点焊拉剪接头疲劳性能及寿命分析

研究了铝合金AA5754点焊拉剪接头的疲劳性能,获得了不同厚度试件的载荷寿命曲线。研究了铝合金焊点的疲劳失效模式,讨论了焊点疲劳裂纹的扩展形式,并测量了裂纹扩展路径与点焊熔核界面之间的角度。分析了点焊拉剪试件在同时承受I型和II型载荷时,疲劳裂纹的扩展方向,并与测量值进行了比较。利用疲劳破坏后沿铝板厚度方向的实际裂纹长度修正了裂纹尖端的局部应力强度因子,提出了评价焊点寿命的疲劳参量K(i),并对试验数据进行了分析比较。结果证明K(i)可以有效关联试件尺寸效应和焊点疲劳寿命,能够用于预测焊点疲劳寿命。     

升降法试验数据闭合与否对统计估计材料疲劳强度的影响

列举了2种未闭合的升降图并对升降法疲劳试验过程中可能出现的试验结果进行假设,分析了用升降法统计疲劳强度时试验数据是否闭合对疲劳强度结果的影响。结果表明:当试验数据未闭合的升降图中最后一级应力低于第一个有效应力时,后续增补假设升降图后统计的疲劳强度都低于原未闭合疲劳试验升降图统计的疲劳强度;当试验数据未闭合的升降图最后一级应力高于第一个有效应力时,后续增补假设升降图后统计的疲劳强度也都高于原未闭合疲劳试验升降图统计的疲劳强度。即使试验数据未闭合,按照失效事件及未失效事件统计估计的疲劳强度也可能相等。     

基于疲劳损伤累积理论的零件疲劳寿命评估

文中基于疲劳累积理论,介绍了变幅应力作用下疲劳寿命的评估方法,并针对工程实践中关键零部件在变幅交变力的作用下易出现的疲劳破坏进行了讨论;并应用实例说明了其评估过程。     

滚动轴承疲劳破坏机理和疲劳寿命模型综述

延长轴承疲劳寿命,尤其是滚动轴承的接触疲劳寿命.一直是轴承工作者十分重视的研究课题.本文概括了滚动轴承接触疲劳破坏机理的主要形式和形成原因,总结了不同阶段的滚动轴承接触疲劳寿命计算公式,分析了不同滚动轴承接触疲劳寿命模型的区别.介绍了表面涂层的摩擦学性能在滚动轴承中的应用.     

结构疲劳寿命稳健性优化设计

由于材料特性、构件的几何特性、载荷历程和环境条件等随机因素的影响,造成结构的疲劳寿命往往偏离结构的设计寿命.为了减少疲劳寿命的分散性,建立一种结构疲劳寿命稳健性优化模型.该模型将结构优化设计理论和随机有限元法相结合,在考虑设计变量和其他随机变量的变异性对结构疲劳寿命影响情况下,将结构疲劳寿命稳健性优化问题构造成包含结构疲劳寿命均值和标准差的双目标优化问题,并通过权因子来平衡结构疲劳寿命的均值和标准差关系,在约束函数中将结构疲劳寿命控制在最低寿命和最高寿命之间.经疲劳稳健性优化设计后的结构疲劳寿命在其均值处波动较小,而且分布曲线远离疲劳寿命底限.最后通过承受脉冲载荷的平面10杆桁架结构疲劳寿命稳健性优化算例显示了此方法的有效性.     

随机疲劳分析在机载设备疲劳寿命预测中的应用

提出采用宽带随机振动疲劳寿命数值分析方法在产品设计阶段预测其宽带随机振动疲劳寿命来保证设计方案的首次成功率，并以在宽带随机振动环境下工作的某产品的疲劳寿命设计为例，阐述了整个随机振动疲劳数值仿真分析流程，得到了与试验相吻合的仿真结果，证明了在设计阶段预测产品的疲劳寿命并进行优化是可行的。     

基于Workbench的铆接连接件疲劳寿命的仿真分析

基于Workbench计算机仿真软件,开展了铆接连接件疲劳寿命的仿真分析.研究结果表明:疲劳破坏发生在铆钉孔两侧应力集中处,破坏发生位置的Mises等效应力值最大,仿真结果与疲劳试验结果吻合；在较高应力水平下,仿真分析的疲劳寿命与疲劳试验的寿命结果差异较小；在较低的应力水平下,仿真分析的疲劳寿命和疲劳试验的寿命结果差异...     

倒圆角直梁型柔性铰链疲劳分析

典型柔性铰链研究结果表明,柔性铰链的缺口形状对柔性铰链的疲劳性能具有本质影响,而具有特殊缺口形状的柔性铰链一直缺乏系统研究,其疲劳性能具有重要研究价值。尤其对于复合型柔性铰链,通过有限元仿真实验,计算其疲劳寿命,对于复合型柔性铰链的疲劳性能研究具有重要意义。基于有限元疲劳分析法,在一端固定,另一端承受力矩或力的边界条件下,对倒圆角直梁型柔性铰链进行疲劳分析,得到柔性铰链薄弱环节的寿命情况,进而掌握整个柔性铰链的使用寿命,为新型柔性铰链的工程设计提供了理论依据。