国产首台300MW循环流化床锅炉的调试和运行

介绍首台国产300MW循环流化床锅炉的设计特点、主要系统以及锅炉试运行和燃烧调整情况，对锅炉设计和运行中存在的问题进行了分析。试运行过程中所取得的成绩和经验，对我国大容量CFB锅炉的进一步发展和完善可提供有益的帮助。     

耀光煤电200MW循环流化床锅炉的调试

通过对耀光电厂两台200MW机组循环流化床锅炉的设计特征、锅炉试运行的调试情况进行介绍,并对设计和调试运行中存在的问题进行了分析总结,对今后的锅炉运行、调整、优化提供参考及经验。     

复合循环锅炉汽水系统数学模型及其动态特性模拟试验研究

哈尔滨锅炉厂首次设计了一台配60万千瓦单元机组的复合循环锅炉。这种类型的锅炉在国内尚无运行和设计经验。为使锅炉在设计阶段就具有良好的可控性,并为机组自动化系统设计和分析提供依据,本文建立了该机组的数学模型,并研究了该机组在各种扰动工况下的开环特性和双相区循环回路振荡特性,作为低倍率复合循环锅炉区别于     

复合床式低倍率循环流化床锅炉的研制开发

本文全面分析了较高循环倍率循环流化床锅炉所存在的技术问题,提出采用设计经验成熟、运行稳定可靠、热效率高、电耗低的低循环倍率循环流化床锅炉技术来实现循环流化床锅炉的大型化的新技术思想,并据此研制开发出复合床式低倍率循环流化床锅炉新技术。通过介绍和分析复合床式低倍率循环流化床锅炉的技术原理及技术特点,展示新炉型所具有的锅炉主要部件的灵活布置方式,为循环流化床锅炉的大型化指出了新的发展方向。     

440 t/h循环流化床锅炉试运行中暴露出的问题及改进方法

本文通过对国内440 t/h循环流化床锅炉的调试、试运行的分析研究,分别从运行和检修的角度,对440 t/h循环流化床锅炉所暴露的问题进行了总结,并且根据不同的问题提出了相应的改进意见。为440 t/h循环流化床锅炉安全经济运行提供参考。     

45t/h循环流化床锅炉的启动调试研究

文章对某循环流化床锅炉的启动调试过程作了总结，针对试运行阶段出力不足等问题，进行了理论分析，并结合理论分析对锅炉加以改进，通过调整一、二次风和旋风分离器等手段，改善锅炉炉膛热交换状况，使其达到了设计指标。     

国产600 MW超临界锅炉调试

介绍了常熟二电厂1 952.21 t/h超临界锅炉的设计特征、主要系统,以及锅炉试运行和燃烧调整情况,对锅炉设计和运行中存在的问题进行了分析.试运行过程中所取得的成绩和经验,对我国超临界锅炉的进一步发展和完善有较高的参考意义.     

110MW循环流化床锅炉启动调试研究

对越南山洞电厂110MW循环流化床锅炉的启动调试,进行了全面的技术总结。重点介绍分析了锅炉试运行过程中遇到的问题。     

循环流化床锅炉调试运行经验分析

针对循环流化床锅炉的特点,对调试运行阶段的磨损、运行控制、材料固化养护等要点做了探讨和总结,并从实际经验和设计原理出发提出了解决方法和建议.     

油页岩、褐煤粉的燃烧试验

充分利用油页岩、褐煤等低热值的劣质煤发电,对扩大一次能源的供应具有重大意义。本文介绍一台35吨/时油页岩试验锅炉的试运行情况。锅炉采用中压参数,为单汽包自然循环。锅炉经过试运行和设备改进,最后在燃用油页岩、褐煤混合燃料时,可达     

混合动力机车车体设计

介绍了混合动力机车车体的结构设计和计算分析情况。在结构设计中引入了独特的模块化设计、中心销牵引座设计、牵引电机单通风机风道设计、中部柴油机座梁装配简统设计等多种设计理念。车架通过有限元模型的分析计算,其强度刚度均满足要求。     

Computer aided energy conscious building design

The design process for an energy conscious building, which was built, along with the computer aided design tools that were applied, is presented. The building, situated in the hot-humid climate of Rehovot - Israel, houses the laboratories and offices of the Weizmann Institute's Environmental Science and Energy Research Department. Alternative bio-climatic design options were proposed and evaluated throughout the detailed design stage. A building energy performance index (BEPI) was established for each alternative. This index reflects the total amount of energy consumption for heating, cooling, ventilating and lighting used, per square meter of floor area. Thermal modeling for the different design alternatives were carried out by means of an hourly dynamic simulation model ENERGY. The design strategies were determined by the model PASYS, the shading devices were designed and evaluated using SUNSHADES and SHADING design tools. The building is monitored for the last whole year, and the measured values are close to the predictions.     

大型循环流化床电厂运煤系统设计优化及建议

介绍了广东某大型循环流化床电厂运煤系统设计及主要设备运行情况,重点介绍了煤场设置、取料设备、筛碎系统布置、上料管带式输送机的选型及优化,并介绍了运行情况,对以后同类电厂运煤系统的选型设计提出了建议,为今后大型循环流化床电厂运煤系统设计提供参考。     

城轨车辆牵引系统集成技术研究

介绍了城轨车辆牵引系统集成的基本概念、结构组成、系统基本设计和关键部件设计，以及城轨车辆牵引系统集成关键技术，提出在城轨车辆牵引系统设计中应该注意的问题和解决方案等。     

Global moment‐independent sensitivity analysis of single‐stage thermoelectric refrigeration system

A mathematical model of single‐stage thermoelectric refrigeration system (SSTRS) was built considering the influence of external heat transfer. Based on the relationship between the input system design variables and the output cooling capacity, the coefficient of performance and the influence of the fluctuation of the design variables on the stability of the thermoelectric refrigeration system output performance parameters were studied using a moment‐independent sensitivity analysis. The Latin hypercube sampling method was used to simulate the fluctuation of the design variables, and their moment‐independent sensitivity indices were calculated by the Monte Carlo method. The design variables were then sorted according to their importance to the output parameters, and the key design variables affecting the coefficient of performance and the cooling capacity were obtained. These results can provide useful guidance for the design and optimisation of SSTRS.     

微型燃气轮机向心透平的设计和研究

在研究微型燃气轮机向心透平结构特点和工作原理的基础上,建立了向心透平设计计算的数学模型.利用计算机辅助设计技术完成向心透平的热力计算和通流部分的结构设计,应用参数化设计思想和三维建模技术实现其变参数时的快速实体建模,应用有限元分析方法进行叶轮的结构分析和优化,基于虚拟操作平台实现其装配顺序规划、碰撞检测和装配仿真.     

光伏发电日时段划分增效控制系统

论述了传统光伏控制器的缺点,提出了一种新型光伏控制系统的设计.文章阐述了光伏发电日时段划分增效控制系统的设计思路及实现功能,分析了该系统的硬件设计和工作过程,指出了该增效控制系统的广阔发展前景.     

Conceptual core design study of an innovative small transportable lead‐bismuth cooled fast reactor (SPARK) for remote power supply

An innovative small transportable lead‐bismuth cooled fast reactor, named SPARK, with rated power of 20 MWth is proposed to operate for 20 years without refueling as a remote power supply. The SPARK core neutronics and thermal‐hydraulics design and preliminary safety analysis were performed in the current study. In order to achieve a compact and light‐weight core design with enhanced transportability and passive safety, the selection of reflector materials, the optimization of fuel assembly design and radial core zoning loading, and the reactivity control system design were accomplished. MgO was selected as the optimal reflector material due to its good neutron reflecting characteristics and low density. The fuel assembly design was optimized to obtain a long lifetime of core and low peak cladding surface temperature. To flatten radial power distribution, 3 radial zones were designed with different fuel pin diameters. A liquid absorber control system was implemented using ⁶Li‐enriched liquid lithium as the neutron absorber, which significantly reduces the core height. To reduce the initial excess reactivity, fixed absorbers were installed in the scram assemblies for the first half life and then replaced by fixed reflectors for the second half life. Based on the parametric study, the optimized core design was determined, and the core neutronics and thermal‐hydraulics performances were evaluated. The objective core lifetime of 18 effective full power years was fulfilled with the compact and light‐weight core design, and the thermal design constraints were satisfied during the whole life. Both the control and scram systems proved to independently provide sufficient shutdown margins. Using the quasi‐static reactivity balance method, the passive safety characteristics of the optimized core design were analyzed based on 5 anticipated transients without scram. Passive shutdown was achieved due to the negative reactivity feedback. The critical design constraint of the peak cladding surface temperature was satisfied for all transients.     

Practical values of various parameters for PV system design

In order to reasonably design a PV system, it is important to use appropriate parameter values. Few papers, however, describe design parameters that are defined systematically. The authors have been entrusted by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) with research and development of PV system evaluation since 1990 in order to establish optimum design and operation methods of various kinds of PV systems which are expected to be put into commercial use in the future.In this research, which is based on the data obtained from test facilities which were constructed at Hamamatsu site, various design parameters were calculated and reported as primary values provisionally estimated. This paper presents practical values of various parameters for PV system design as a table, revised with design parameter values studied later on. In particular, cell temperature factor was studied in view of regional differences and module mounting.The authors will confirm reasonable design of PV system by using such various design parameter values.     

Characterization of electrochemical reaction and thermo-fluid flow in metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks with various manifold designs

The metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), in which a metal plate is bonded to a ceramic cell, was recently introduced as a new fuel cell design. Metal-supported SOFCs do not suffer from gas leakage, because the metal plates are welded to the metallic interconnects, which also provides high mechanical strength. However, the bonding layer existing between the interconnect and the ceramic cell increases mass transfer resistance, resulting in decreased performance. To better understand and control the mass transfer rate, the manifold structure of the fuel cell stack as well as the channel design in each single cell should be studied. Using a numerical approach, physical property models, governing equations and electrochemical reaction models were calculated simultaneously. The experimentally measured current density–voltage curves were compared with the simulation data to validate the code. Current densities, temperatures and pressure distributions resulting from various manifold designs were presented as numerical results. The parallel manifold design displayed an average current density of 2820.1 A/m² and a relatively uniform current density distribution. The serpentine design yielded the highest average current density among the studied manifold designs, but the maximum pressure was 32 times higher than with the parallel design. Moreover, the large temperature difference observed with the serpentine design may result in a thermal expansion problem. The expanding manifold design yielded an average current density of 2885.9 A/m² and a maximum pressure of 6350 Pa. The pressure distribution with this manifold design was clearly related to the manifold structure. The tapering manifold design is the opposite of the expanding manifold; with this design, the average current density and maximum pressure were slightly lower than the expanding manifold. The dual-flow hybrid manifold design combines two different manifold structures: a serpentine hydrogen manifold and a parallel air manifold. The dual-flow hybrid design yielded an average current density of 2905.4 A/m² and a maximum pressure of 750 Pa.