MSCT对胆总管下段阴性结石的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT在诊断胆总管下段阴性结石方面的应用及意义。方法31例胆总管下段阴性结石患者均经多层螺旋CT平扫及增强扫描,全部患者的胆总管下段阴性结石均经ERCP、EST或手术证实。结果CT平扫与增强扫描清晰显示胆总管下段阴性结石的部位、形态、大小和受累胆管的形态与扩长程度,以及胆总管结石伴发的炎症性改变。多层螺旋CT诊断胆总管下端阴性结石定位准确率达100％,定性准确率达87％。结论多层螺旋CT平扫及增强扫描检查在诊断胆总管下段阴性结石方面有较高的诊断价值,值得推广应用。     

多层螺旋CT扫描胆总管结石的影像学特征及其诊断价值

目的 探究多层螺旋CT对胆总管结石的影像表现及诊断价值.方法 由本院放射科两名副主任医师采用双盲法进行阅片,回顾性分析我院53例经手术或逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)证实胆总管结石的CT影像资料.结果 经过手术后病理确诊37例,ERCP确诊10例,正确率达88.67%(47/53);CT平扫横截面和增强后横截面的敏感性为81.3%和88.9%;CT平扫横截面和增强之后横截面特异性为78.1%和89.4%;47例胆总管结石患者中高密度结石23例、点片状高密度阴影泥沙样结石14例、软组织样密度结石3例、低密度结石5例、混合密度结石2例;胆总管直径分布范围依次为6~11 mm 15例 、>11 mm 29例、>20 mm 3例.结论 多层螺旋CT增强扫描能够较精准的呈现胆总管结石的密度、形状、位置,对结石密度进行较精准的分型,可为临床诊断治疗胆总管结石提供依据,具有一定临床应用价值.     

多层螺旋CT对壶腹及周围病变的诊断价值

目的分析多层螺旋CT（MSCT）对壶腹及周围病变的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析我院经临床病理证实的壶腹及周围病变30例患者的临床资料,对其CT表现及鉴别诊断进行探讨。结果30例患者中,壶腹部病变包括壶腹癌1例,十二指肠乳头腺癌2例,壶腹周围癌4例。壶腹周同病变包括胰头癌5例,胆管下端癌3例,胆总管下端结石13例,胆总管下端炎症2例。结论MSCT可以在壶腹部病变增强方式、间接征象以及胆总管末端形态等方面为诊断提供重要线索,为提高检出率及确诊率提供帮助。     

64排螺旋CT在胆总管下端恶性梗阻诊断中的作用

目的探讨64排螺旋CT检查在胆总管下端恶性梗阻病因诊断中的方法及应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院经64排螺旋CT确诊的21例胆总管下端恶性梗阻患者的临床及影像资料。结果 21例患者CT检查均清晰显示胆管狭窄、胆管壁增厚、胆道外肿块及肝脏、胰腺形态结构变化,诊断为胆总管下端癌9例,壶腹癌7例,胰头癌5例,与手术及病理检查诊断结果相符,定性及定位诊断率达100%。结论 64排螺旋CT后处理技术胆系重建图像清晰、准确,能准确显示胆道梗阻部位、程度、肿块与其周围血管的关系,对胆总管下段恶性梗阻的病因诊断具有重要价值,对临床制定手术方案具有一定的指导作用。     

胆管下端梗阻性黄疸性疾病的64层螺旋CT表现

目的:探讨胆管下端梗阻性黄疸性疾病的64层螺旋CT表现和诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析2008年9月～2009年9月间84例胆总管下端梗阻患者的临床及影像资料,按良性和恶性分为两组:良胜组32例,包括单纯结石组21例和胆管炎11例(其中6例并发结石)。恶性组52例,其中胆管下段癌11例,壶腹部癌11例,胰头癌30例。所有病例均行CT平扫、动脉期及静脉期扫描,图像后处理采用MIP、MinIP、MPR、CPR等。CT观察指标包括:定量指标:胆总管内径、肝内I级胆管内径、胆总管壁厚度、梗阻部位距肝门部长度;定性指标:肿块有无、形态以及强化程度、肝内I级以远胆管扩张程度、范围、管壁强化程度、有无结石、有无双管征等。结果:所有病例均清晰显示。梗阻部位距离肝门部长度良、恶性组间差别明显(P0.01);而恶性组中胆管下段癌和胰头癌分别与壶腹部癌之间也有统计学差异(P0.05),其他指标各组间差别无显著性(P0.05)。结论:多层螺旋CT扫描及其重建方法能够清楚地显示胆管下端梗阻性黄疸性疾病,并有助于进行诊断和鉴别诊断。     

CT诊断成人胆总管囊肿

目的:探讨CT诊断成人胆总管囊肿的价值.材料和方法:回顾性分析手术病理证实的18例胆总管囊肿,CT表现,并评估其诊断价值.结果:18例螺旋CT均准确做出胆总管囊肿的诊断.其中包括胆总管囊肿或梭形扩张(Ⅰ型)12例、胆总管单发性憩室(Ⅱ型)1例、胆总管下端十二指肠壁内段囊状扩张(Ⅲ型)2例和多发性囊肿(Ⅳ型)3例.结论:CT诊断和鉴别诊断成人胆总管囊肿有很重要作用.     

MRCP在胆系结石中的应用价值及与CT、B超对比研究

目的:评价MRCP在胆系结石中的应用价值。方法:对107例临床拟诊胆系结石的患者MRCP图像进行分析,同时通过胆系结石的不同部位与CT、B超进行对比研究。结果:MRCP诊断肝内胆管结石准确率为92.7%,胆囊结石准确率为94.7%,胆总管结石准确率为96.3%,总准确率为94.9%。MRCP对肝内胆管结石的诊断准确率与CT、B超无显著性差异(P>0.05),对于胆总管结石的诊断准确率有显著性差异(P<0.05),MRCP明显高于其他两种影像学检查方法。结论:MRCP检查无创伤性、安全、对胆系结石的诊断准确率高,尤其对胆总管结石的诊断具有明显优势,可成为胆系结石的首选检查方法。     

螺旋CT扫描对胆总管结石诊断的临床价值

目的：探讨螺旋(1扫描对胆总管结石诊断和鉴别诊断的价值。材料和方法：分析我院1998年7月-2004年2月经手术、病理证实的胆总管结石60例，包括高密度结石50例，软组织密度结石8例，低密度结石2例。将CT表现与手术、病理和临床特征进行回顾性分析并用统计学处理。结果：胆总管结石以女性较多见，病程较长?52例显示“新月征”或“靶征”，分别有30例和28例伴有胆囊结石和肝内胆管结石。肝内胆管和胆总管轻，中度扩张分别为40例和53例，40例肝内胆管呈竹节状扩张，42例肝内、外胆管扩张不成比例。结论螺旋CT，扫描判断胆总管结石的直接征象和间接征象具有较高的敏感性和特异性。     

CT靶扫描在胆总管下端恶性梗阻性病因诊断中的价值

目的:探讨CT薄层增强靶扫描在胆总管下端恶性梗阻性病因诊断中的价值。方法:对21例梗阻性黄疸患者行CT腹部平扫,据平扫图像对胆总管梗阻部位行三期增强靶扫描,结合病理结果进行评价。结果:靶扫描图像示胆总管下端梗阻性病变定位诊断率为100%,定性诊断率为95.2%(20/21)。结论:CT靶扫描为胆总管下端恶性梗阻性病变的有效检查方法。     

肝内胆管结石的CT诊断

目的 :探讨肝内胆管结石的 CT表现及诊断价值。方法 :对 6 5例肝内胆管结石的 CT征象进行分析 ,并与超声对照。结果 :(1) CT诊断肝内胆管结石的准确率达 98.5 % ;(2 )因结石的密度不同可分为四类 ,即高密度、软组织密度 ,低密度和混杂密度结石 ;(3)肝内胆管扩张以局限性囊、柱状扩张为特征 ;(4 ) CT可准确显示和诊断其合并症。结论 :CT是肝内胆管结石有效的诊断手段 ,其诊断准确性特别是对并发症的诊断优于 B超     

Computed tomography of choledocholithiasis

Computed tomography (CT) correctly diagnosed common bile duct stones in 19 (90%) of 21 surgically proven cases. CT demonstrated calculi in all 13 patients with calcium bilirubinate common duct stones and six of eight patients with predominantly cholesterol stones. There were two false-negative diagnoses in patients with cholesterol calculi scanned at 1 cm intervals. Cholesterol stones are nearly isodense with bile and may be difficult to visualize in the common duct by routine scanning techniques. There are three suggestive CT features of cholesterol common duct calculi: (1) abrupt termination of the distal common bile duct without an obstructing mass, (2) a faint rim of increased density along the peripheral margin of a low-density calculus, and (3) mottled areas of increased density centrally within a calculus elevating its CT number above values for normal bile. Modification of scanning technique to obtain high-resolution images of the extrahepatic biliary tree is stressed to optimize visualization of the above findings.     

胆管癌误诊和漏诊的影像学分析

目的：分析胆管癌误诊和漏诊的原因，评价不同检查方法对肝门区胆管癌诊断的价值，提高胆管癌的影像学诊断和鉴别诊断水平。方法：收集31例临床和病理诊断为胆管癌的病例(ERCP检查31例，B超检查31例，25例CT检查，11例行MRCP检查)，回顾性分析不同检查方法的影像学表现。结果：31例中发生在肝门区的胆管癌25例。2例初次ERCP显示胆管内出血，再次行鼻胆管造影后诊断为胆管癌，4例合并有总胆管结石。6例为总胆管中下段癌。初次诊断准确性为90．3％。11例MRCP中9例显示病变，2例显示不满意，7例显示胆管或胆囊结石。25例CT中23例显示肝内胆管扩张，9例显示肝门区肿块，2例见后腹膜转移淋巴结，1例见肝内多发性转移瘤。12例初次诊断正确(48％)。B超检查23例提示肝内胆管扩张，6例提示总胆管结石，18例诊断为胆囊炎、胆囊结石，8例提示胆管占位(25．8％)。结论：良好的直接胆管造影是诊断胆管癌的金标准，MRCP可以在一定程度上准确显示病变的范围，是ERCP的良好补充，很大程度上取代了诊断性ERCP；CT诊断的关键在于显示扩张的胆管和梗阻的定位，肝门区梗阻多为胆管癌所致。多种影像检查方法的结合明显提高了诊断的准确性，对胆管癌治疗方案的选择有重要价值。     

肝华支睾吸虫病多层螺旋CT 表现的研究

目的：探讨肝华支睾吸虫病的多层螺旋C T表现。方法对经临床证实的65例肝华支睾吸虫病的多层螺旋C T表现进行分析总结。结果65例肝华支睾吸虫病均有肝内胆管呈囊状及杵状扩张,其中38例肝华支睾吸虫病扩张胆管内可见点状软组织密度虫体影,占58％（38/65）,13例胆囊内见点片状沉积物样及团状虫体影,占20％（13/65）。合并胆管结石6例,占9．2％（6/65）。合并胆囊结石8例,占12．3％（8/65）。合并胆管炎8例,占12．3％（8/65）。合并胆囊炎5例,占7．6％（5/65）。合并肝脓肿3例,占4．6％（3/65）。65例胆总管均未见扩张。多平面重建可更仔细的观察肝胆管扩张情况。结论肝内胆管呈囊状及杵状扩张,而胆总管无扩张是肝华支睾吸虫病的特征性CT表现。扩张胆管内点状及胆囊内沉积物样或团状虫体影,是肝华支睾吸虫病的特异征象。多平面重组可更细致观察肝胆管扩张情况和细节,结合实验室检查,可以做出准确的诊断。     

Common bile duct stones: reassessment of criteria for CT diagnosis

To evaluate the specificity of previously suggested computed tomographic (CT) criteria for diagnosing common bile duct (CBD) stones, CT scans of 38 patients with CBD stones were compared with scans of 32 patients with carcinoma obstructing the CBD and 28 nonobstructed patients. The CBD stone was directly visualized as a target sign or densely calcified structure in 29 of 38 patients with stones (76%); one with carcinoma showed a similar target sign. A rim of increased density in the distal CBD was found without accompanying target sign in six patients with stones (16%), compared with 12 with carcinoma (38%) and 15 nonobstructed patients (54%). Irregular intraluminal densities without a detectable target sign were noted in four patients with stones (11%), compared with eight with carcinoma (25%) and nine nonobstructed patients (32%). Abrupt termination of the CBD without a mass was more common as an isolated finding in patients with carcinoma (31%) than in patients with stones (13%). CT is accurate in detecting CBD stones in certain patient populations, but direct visualization of the stone is required.     

CT of the extrahepatic bile ducts: wall thickness and contrast enhancement in normal and abnormal ducts

Recent reports have described thickening and enhancement of the extrahepatic bile duct wall on CT scans obtained after administration of IV contrast material. We undertook this study to establish parameters for the normal thickness and enhancement of the bile duct wall on CT, and to develop a differential diagnosis for thickening of the duct wall. Routine CT examinations of 100 patients without biliary disease were evaluated prospectively. The common hepatic duct and common bile duct could be visualized in 66% and 82% of cases, respectively; the walls of these ducts could be separately discerned in 59% and 52%. The mean thickness of the duct wall was 1 mm, with a maximal thickness of 1.5 mm. Wall enhancement was similar to (51%), slightly greater than (44%), or markedly greater than (5%) the enhancement of adjacent pancreatic parenchyma. A review of records covering a 5-year period identified 52 patients in whom CT showed thickening of the bile duct wall (greater than or equal to 2 mm). These patients could be categorized by seven underlying diseases, and analysis of the CT scans revealed four general patterns of thickening. Focal, concentric wall thickening in the distal common bile duct was associated with pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, and common bile duct stones; focal, eccentric thickening tended to occur with cholangiocarcinoma and sclerosing cholangitis. Diffuse, concentric thickening was seen with acute cholangitis; diffuse, eccentric thickening was associated with oriental cholangiohepatitis and sclerosing cholangitis. Thickening of greater than 5 mm was seen only with cholangiocarcinoma. Enhancement of the duct wall in these groups varied and was of no predictive value. In summary, the extrahepatic bile ducts can be visualized in the majority of patients, and the normal duct wall should be 1.5 mm or less in thickness. Contrast enhancement of the duct wall occurs in patients without biliary tract disease and alone is predictive not predictive of pathology. Pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, common bile duct stones, cholangiocarcinoma, sclerosing cholangitis, acute cholangitis, and oriental cholangiohepatitis are associated with thickening of the duct wall.     

胆总管结石取石后复发结石的内镜再治疗

目的：观察内镜对胆总管结石取石后复发结石的治疗效果。方法：选择经上腹部CT或磁共振胰胆管成像（medical rehabititation center of pennsylvania,MRCP）证实、内镜下行胰胆管造影（endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP）术后胆总管再发结石48例,均经十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术（endoscopic sphincteropapillotomy,EST）,十二指肠乳头球囊扩张术（endoscopic papillo-sphincter balloon dilatation,EPBD）或EST＋EPBD后网篮或球囊取石。结果：48例中44例经内镜取石成功,手术时间为15-56min,平均29min。无一例并发症发生。结论：内镜治疗胆总管结石后可再发结石,经内镜再次取石是治疗EST术后胆总管结石复发的首选方法,安全有效。     

内镜对胆囊切除术后胆总管下端狭窄的诊断与治疗价值

目的：探讨内镜对胆囊切除术后胆总管下端狭窄的诊断及治疗价值。方法：89例胆囊切除术后综合征患者行内镜下逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）。对发现的38例（43％）胆总管下端狭窄患者行内镜下乳头括约肌切开术（EST）等内镜治疗。结果：上腹痛缓解率在单纯胆总管下端狭窄者、合并急性胰腺炎者、合并结石者分别为94．74％、78．83％、88．75％，胆总管内径恢复率在单纯胆总管下端狭窄者、合并急性胰腺炎者、合并结石者分别为100％、92．69％、100％，术后所有患者血ALT，AST，ALP及GGT恢复正常。结论：EST是治疗胆总管下端狭窄有效和首选的治疗方法。     

胆胰管十二指肠连接区小肿瘤CT诊断及鉴别

目的 探讨胆胰管十二指肠连接区小肿瘤的ＣＴ诊断及其鉴别点,提高ＣＴ诊断的敏感性和准确性。材料与方法 连接区小癌２２例,包括胰头癌１２例（其中６例位于胰钩突）,Ｖａｔｅｒ’ｓ壶腹癌５例,胆总管下端癌５例;另胰头区炎症５例,以作对照分析,全部病例均经手术病理证实。结果 （１）连接区小癌ＣＴ表现为胰头或钩突增大变形、密度改变及十二指肠内侧壁结节,胆总管壁增厚或下端结节;胰头癌突出表现为低密度区;Ｖａｔｅ     

肝内胆管细胞癌的CT诊断

目的：探讨肝内胆管细胞癌的CT表现及其诊断价值。方法对28例经手术或穿刺活体组织检查经病理证实为肝内胆管细胞癌患者的CT表现进行分析。结果28例肝内胆管细胞癌患者的30个病灶CT平扫均为低密度,病变区或其周围见胆管扩张,其中15例见肝包膜回缩征,11例为肝内胆管结石术后。增强扫描动脉期病灶边缘环形增强9例。门静脉期11例中央网格样增强。延迟期8例呈向心性增强,密度略高于正常肝实质。结论肝内胆管细胞癌CT表现具有一定特异性,有利于肝内胆管细胞癌诊断。