射流电沉积工艺优化对铜镀层形貌及微观结构的影响

射流电沉积技术具有特殊的定域性和材料特性,可用于磨损机械零件的修复,但因为边缘效应,沉积层的分布均匀性和质量需要改善。考察了沉积形貌、微观结构与射流电沉积电解液流速、喷嘴扫描速度及电流密度等关键参数的关系。结果表明,喷射流速在1~10 m/s范围,随着流速的增加沉积层表面质量及微观结构逐渐致密;扫描速度在1~15 mm/s范围,随着速度的加快沉积层表面质量及微观结构逐渐致密;电流密度在100~600 A/dm~2范围内,随着电流的增大沉积层表面质量及微观结构逐渐改善,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大。     

高速喷射电沉积镍工艺研究

利用自行研制的高速喷射电沉积装置电沉积镍。研究了电流密度与沉积速率的关系,并将所得沉积层与槽镀沉积层进行比较。结果表明：采用此装置,允许使用的极限电流密度及沉积速度均增大,所得沉积层硬度值（Ｈｖ）比一般槽镀层高出２００左右,镀层生形态由枝晶生长转变为柱状生长。     

喷射电沉积块体纳米晶Co-Ni合金工艺的研究

利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM），能谱仪（EDS）及X射线衍射（XRD）等分析方法研究了工艺参数对电解液喷射电沉积法制备块体纳米晶Co-Ni合金沉积层成分及结构的影响。结果表明；在本实验条件下，随电解液喷射速度的增加，沉积层中钴含量增加，而晶粒尺寸减小；随电解液温度的升高，沉积层中钴含量减小到一定值后增大，晶粒尺寸呈相反的趋势。沉积层的表面形貌为胞状结构。     

电流密度对阴极铜沉积的影响

本文用ＸＰＳ、ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ等仪器研究了不同电流密度电解含砷、锑、铋离子的酸性硫酸铜电解液时，阴极铜沉积的化学组成，结晶的晶面择优取向和结晶的表面状况。研究结果表明：在２００Ａ·ｍ＾－２电流密度时，砷、锑、铋不会在有极析出，结晶的在优取向为２００，结晶颗粒细，铜沉积表面平整光滑。在１０００Ａ·ｍ＾－２时，有一定旧的砷和铋在阴极与铜发生共沉积，沉积层中铜主要以金属Ｃｕ和Ｃｕ２Ｏ形式存在，铋主要以Ｂｉ     

电解氯化镁生产氯酸镁

叙述了电解氯化镁生产氯酸镁的试验情况，提出了氯化镁的浓度、电解液ｐＨ值、阴极和阳极的电流密度，以及阴极旋转速度等对电流效率的影响关系。结论为：当氯化镁浓度为２Ｍ（ｐＨ值＝６．０）、阳极电流密度为１５Ａ／ｄｍ￣２、阴极电流密度为１４Ａ／ｄｍ￣２、阴极圆周速度为６０～８０ｍ／ｍｉｎ时，电流效率可达８０～９０％。     

射流电沉积工艺参数对沉积层形貌的影响

射流电沉积技术具有特殊的定域性和材料特性,可用于机械零件修复,但沉积层的均匀性和质量需要改善。研究了电解液喷射流速、电流密度、沉积层数等对沉积层形貌的影响。结果表明:喷射流速在1~10m/s范围内,随着喷射流速的增大,沉积层的表面质量逐渐改善;电流密度在100~600A/dm2范围内,随着电流密度的增大,沉积层形貌逐渐恶化,产生析氢副反应;沉积层数在400~1 600层范围内,沉积层的表面质量随层数的增加而逐渐恶化。得到了一系列的优化参数,有助于改善沉积层的质量。     

柠檬酸钾镀钯新工艺

研究在柠檬酸钾和草酸铵镀液体系中镀钯工艺。结果表明，采用本实验室研制的添加剂ＸＰ－４和ＸＰ－７以及ＰＰＳ和ＦＦ，则可在电流密度０．５－３．５Ａ／ｄｍ＾２，温度４０￣６０℃的宽范围内获得全光亮的钯电沉积层。钯沉积的电流效率和沉积速度在镀液中钯含量为１０ｇ／Ｌ，１．０Ａ／ｄｍ＾２的条件下分别可达到９２．０％和０．２５μｍ／ｍｉｎ，并随电流密度和镀液中钯含量的变化而改变，ＸＰ－４和ＸＰ－７均阻化钯的电沉     

模拟体液中电沉积制备磷酸钙盐涂层的研究

采用电沉积方法在模拟体液中制备磷酸钙盐涂层,研究了电流密度、电解液浓度、电沉积时间以及后处理对涂层表面形貌、组分和结构的影响。研究表明：在1～10mA／cm^2电流密度下沉积60～75min可以在模拟体液中制备结晶度较低的磷酸钙盐类涂层,涂层分别经模拟体液、碱液和水热处理后前驱体都转变为羟基磷灰石。     

DMF／水体系Cr－Ni－Fe合金电沉积研究

采用含有Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲基甲酰胺的电解液电沉积Ｃｒ－Ｎｉ－Ｆｅ合金。结果表明：铬含量随着电流密度及电位的绝对值的增加而增加，采用恒电位镀的方法，在阴极电位为－１．８~－２．０Ｖ这一电位范围内，可得到均匀、致密、结合力好的镀层，沉积速度为６ｍｇ／ｃｍ２·ｈ左右。     

电解法生产硫酸亚锡工艺研究

研究了锡电解生产硫酸亚锡的过程，考察了电解电压，外冷却和电解液浓度等对电解过程的影响，提出了用反向脉冲充电来消除电极表面钝化现象，通过实验得到以下优化工艺条件：电解电压１．５Ｖ，电流密度５００Ａ／ｍ＾２，反向脉冲充电间隔０．５ｍｉｎ／４０ｍｉｎ，电解液ＳｎＳＯ４浓度１００ｇ／Ｌ。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.