Weaving the internet together: Imagined communities in newspaper comment threads

Online newspapers (and other spaces) are increasingly seeking to utilise user-generated content alongside professionally developed material. However, this might leave websites increasingly vulnerable to trolls, who work to disrupt online communications in online spaces. Such behaviour can have serious consequences both in peoples online and offline lives, and for the development of coherent online communities. One means of controlling is through the manipulation of the online space to create social norms of polite behaviour through the founding of ‘imagined communities’ online.Approaching the issue from a discursive psychological perspective, this paper draws upon comments published in two online British newspaper comment sections responding to the publication of an academic article on trolling. Imagined communities are shown to arise irrespective of the presence of the virtual infrastructure to support the development of these imagined communities.Key features of imagined communities identified here are: individuation (as opposed to deindividuation); mutual influence between posters; shared history for both the users and the online space; the use of humour to cement social bonds. Analysis also revealed tensions in posters understanding of online and offline behaviours.This research holds implications for understanding online spaces, and the interactions between users within these spaces.     

Ergonomics and community needs

In this article the Chairman of The Ergonomics Research Society considers, from the background of a recent study conference, some of the current changes in technology and the community, some resultant ergonomics problems, and how ergonomics resources should be better applied to serve community needs.     

Simple observation sensor system and local community network model: Real society experiment on solitary death prevention for low-income single elderly residents in collective housing

This paper proposes a sensor system for monitoring elderly residents living alone in low-income housing, and a local community network model to support these residents. This observation sensor system estimates living conditions by detecting entry point door movement, and safety information on the target residents is delivered to family and support staff via e-mail. In addition, the sensor unit is equipped with a networked flash-lighting and e-mail warning function to notify those in the community about accidents. Design and development costs were minimized by dispersing the flash light-emitting unit of the sensor unit on multiple units, making this a feasible option for low-income elderly residents. In addition, we implemented this sensor system and operated the local community network model at a collective housing to test its efficacy as a new system in real-world conditions. We present that this community network prevents the isolation of the elderly residents using the sensor system installed in their community, and improves communication between residents, their families, and their neighbors, thereby improving their safety. We also show that the community network prevents the isolation of elderly people by quietly keeping constant involvement with people in broader society, and is a social network system aimed at preventing solitary death.     

基于节点依赖度和相似社团融合的社团结构发现算法

社团结构作为复杂网络的拓扑特性之一具有重要的理论和实践意义。提出一种基于节点依赖度和相似社团融合的社团结构发现算法,首先根据依赖度和相似度的定义将整个网络划分成若干个平均集聚系数较大的局部网络,构成网络的基础骨架社团;然后根据连接度的定义不断将社团边缘的节点和小社团吸收到相应的骨架网络中去,直到所有节点都得到准确的社团划分。算法在Zachary空手道俱乐部网络和海豚社会网络中进行了社团划分实验,并与GN算法和Newman快速算法进行了比较,结果表明该算法可以有效地划分社团边缘的模糊节点,社团划分结果具有较高的准确度。     

The importance of trust and community in developing and maintaining a community electronic network

Focusing on two rural cities in Minnesota, this paper analyses ways in which these communities have gone about providing information technology to their citizens. This paper will explain why one city has chosen to take an entrepreneurial approach to networking and the other city has chosen a more collaborative approach, promoting equal access for its citizens. Based on interviews, focus groups, and surveys in the two cities, we find that these divergent approaches are related to fundamental cultural differences in the two communities. One city seems to have a more pronounced reservoir of social capital, meaning that people in this community tend to be more trusting, have more cohesive social ties and are prone toward collaboration. Cooperation and social trust, particularly among community leaders, seem to have played large roles in triggering the development of a community electronic network. Moreover, we discover that political engagement and interpersonal trust among the citizenry in this city seem to be pivotal in sustaining and perpetuating the community endeavor.     

基于社团密度的社团发现算法

发现社团结构是研究复杂网络的重要前提,目前社团发现算法研究存在两个较为严峻的问题：评价函数单一和经典算法时间复杂度过大并且无法发现小粒度的社团。针对上述问题,本文首先提出了一种合理的发现算法评价函数,即社团完整度,实验证明,与经典的模块度函数 相比,社团完整度函数能够更合理地评价社团划分质量且社团完整度函数的灵敏度高于模块度函数;其次,本文提出了基于社团密度的社团发现算法,实验证明,该算法不仅可以发现小粒度的社团结构,随着网络节点数和边数的增加BDA算法在时间复杂度方面也具有明显的优势。最后,本文尝试将BDA算法应用在科学合作者网络并得到合理的社团结构。     

Software engineering: community and culture

Ideas and techniques from the social sciences can improve the theory and practice of the software engineering discipline. To illustrate the contributions this cross-pollination has made, the authors focus on the nature of paradigms and software quality management systems. Their studies underscore the importance of community in how new technical ideas become accepted, how despite software engineers too often prefer polemic to evidence, and the primacy given to the local guru that transcends formal organizational structures     

围棋死活问题的计算机求解

提出了一种基于搜索的围棋死活问题的求解方法，并实现了一个围棋死活问题求解程序SharpSense。对比实验表明，SharpSense的性能明显优于同类程序，对封闭围棋死活问题的解题能力达到了围棋专业棋手的水平。SharpSense还发现了围棋死活问题经典著作《围棋死活大全》中的两个错误。     

Teaching mathematics and the Inuit community

Abstract

In the spring of 2000, the Inuit community and the Kativik School Board were pondering the difficulties encountered by students in mathematics and the measures that could be taken to help these students. One significant fact that it seemed might help explain these difficulties was that Inuit students learn Inuit mathematics (for example, a base‐20 numeral system) in their own language in the first three years of their schooling and then go on to study in either French or English. A collaboration between researchers, teachers from the Inuit community, and curriculum developers was established. In this article, we present facets of the environment, language, and culture of the Inuit that influenced the development of the Inuit numeration system, their ways of measuring (length, distance, time, etc.), and their great aptitude in spatial representations. We then discuss the current collaborative project that aims at the development of teaching situations adapted to Inuit classrooms.     

Science-philosophy celebrity death match

Two conflicting ideas can appear to be mutually exclusive, yet each of then seems plausible when considered in isolation. It can take real mental energy to keep both prospects alive in one's head instead of yielding to the cognitive dissonance, choosing one and spending the rest of the time convincing oneself the other one was not as plausible as it seemed.     

Wireless community networks

An open standard IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networking technology provides an inexpensive and easy way to share bandwidth among multiple users. Such technology makes it possible to implement ad hoc wireless community networks using fixed wireless nodes rather than conventional base. A rural ad hoc network forwards packets from one wireless node to another to route data to a limited number of Internet gateways. A wireless community network uses two types of links between nodes. Point-to-multipoint links use omnidirectional antennas, while point-to-point links employ unidirectional antennas.     

Bayesian community detection

Many networks of scientific interest naturally decompose into clusters or communities with comparatively fewer external than internal links; however, current Bayesian models of network communities do not exert this intuitive notion of communities. We formulate a nonparametric Bayesian model for community detection consistent with an intuitive definition of communities and present a Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure for inferring the community structure. A Matlab toolbox with the proposed inference procedure is available for download. On synthetic and real networks, our model detects communities consistent with ground truth, and on real networks, it outperforms existing approaches in predicting missing links. This suggests that community structure is an important structural property of networks that should be explicitly modeled.     

Proteomic insights into cardiac cell death and survival

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability in the developed world. To design novel therapeutic strategies to treat and prevent this disease, better understanding of cardiac cell function is necessary. In addition to (and, indeed, in combination with) genetics, physiology and molecular biology, proteomics plays a critical role in our understanding of cardiovascular systems at multiple scales. The purpose of this review is to examine recent developments in the field of myocardial injury and protection, examining how proteomics has informed investigations into organelles, signaling complexes, and cardiac phenotype.     

邮件社区划分和小世界网络

讨论了邮件社区的划分和邮件社区的性质,提出一种基于社区中心动态调整的邮件社区划分算法ACCD.算法采用基于邮箱通信行为特征的余弦相似度评估邮箱之间的相似性,并通过社区中心动态调整的方法进行邮件社区的划分.在实际数据集上的实验表明,在较长一段时间内,一个较大的局域网内部的邮件网络呈现显著的小世界网络特征,同时也表明了邮件社区划分算法的合理性.