于散乱三维点云的缺陷检测和三维重构方法

设备表面的缺陷检测对于保证安全生产避免经济损失具有重要意义。针对基于设备表面散乱三维点云缺陷检测和三维重构算法复杂的问题,提出了一种基于散乱三维点云的缺陷检测和三维重构方法。对散乱三维点云沿某一轴向进行分层处理,将同一层内的三维点进行移位规则化处理,并对规则化的三维点云进行缺陷检测和三维重构。分别对无缺陷设备表面和凹凸缺陷设备表面进行缺陷检测和三维重构,规则化前后三维数据缺陷计算结果相对误差为1.01%。实验结果表明,将散乱三维点云分层和规则化处理有效降低了缺陷检测和三维重构的复杂度,易于实现。     

基于散乱三维点云的缺陷检测和三维重构方法

设备表面的缺陷检测对于保证安全生产避免经济损失具有重要意义。针对基于设备表面散乱三维点云缺陷检测和三维重构算法复杂的问题,提出了一种基于散乱三维点云的缺陷检测和三维重构方法。对散乱三维点云沿某一轴向进行分层处理,将同一层内的三维点进行移位规则化处理,并对规则化的三维点云进行缺陷检测和三维重构。分别对无缺陷设备表面和凹凸缺陷设备表面进行缺陷检测和三维重构,规则化前后三维数据缺陷计算结果相对误差为1.01%。实验结果表明,将散乱三维点云分层和规则化处理有效降低了缺陷检测和三维重构的复杂度,易于实现。     

光学薄膜损伤表面三维微观形貌的仿真与重构

通过对激光作用薄膜元件后的损伤过程和图像损伤特征进行分析与研究,借助光学薄膜损伤表面三维微观形貌的重构,揭示薄膜元件损伤机理.基于白光干涉显微原理,采集薄膜损伤表面的干涉显微三维云数据,运用Delaunay三角剖分法构建损伤表面的三角网格模型,通过可视化仿真,实现了损伤表面三维微观形貌的再现.结果表明:实验测试的Hf0...     

车载激光采集系统中三维信息联合解算方法

深入讨论了车载激光三维数据采集系统中解算三维信息的关键技术,给出了一套完整的GPS、IMU和激光扫描数据交叉整合的工程方法,实时、主动、快速获取导目标表面的三维信息。该方法已经在实际应用中得到验证。     

声成像数据的边界堆叠显示

改进了以往针对二位图像的ＢＦＸＹ算法,将回溯算法应用到多灰度图像的多阈值分割边界自动跟踪中,抑制了噪声,提高了图像质量．根据超声成像（ＣＴ）体数据界面突出的特点,通过抽取切片内的边界,堆叠成三维表面进行显示,避免了贴片重构表面难于解决的分支问题．三维显示的结果图像清晰,缺陷分布一目了然．这一方法对我们可视理解声ＣＴ三维数据很有帮助．     

基于光学三维形貌数字重建的不规则表面的参数测量

针对不规则形状物体表面参数测量困难的问题,提出了一种利用光学三维形貌数字重建技术来获取待测物体表面三维数字信息的方法。首先利用傅里叶变换得到反映三维物体表面高度的相位数据,在计算机中重建三维待测物体,然后再利用Matlab软件编写面向用户的人机交互界面,通过计算机鼠标指定待测量的表面区域,最后运用Matlab软件对鼠标所指定区域的三维数字信息进行处理,根据几何关系计算出指定区域的表面积、两点间的曲线长度等参数,实现人机交互式的非接触测量。     

基于圆结构光照明和LED照明相结合的三维检测技术

针对孔内表面的检测问题,提出了一种新的基于结构光照明和LED照明相结合的三维检测技术。该方法主要包括三个步骤:首先通过圆结构光照明获取孔内表面的截面轮廓图像,并通过图像处理和系统标定得到当前截面上局部区域的深度值;然后通过平面光照明得到孔内表面的平面图像,并在分析成像关系的前提下,在对平面图像进行坐标变换后得到孔内表面的展开图像,结合图像处理算法,提取展开图像的局部区域的平面尺寸信息;最后将圆结构光数据和LED光源数据变换到同一全局坐标系下,得到内表面的三维信息。     

基于相移的彩色结构光编码三维扫描技术

在物体三维轮廓扫描中,被动式双目立体视觉方法对表面特征不明显的物体难以获取足够的三维信息,针对这一问题,基于双目立体视觉原理,结合主动视觉中结构光投射方法,提出了基于相移的彩色结构光编码方法。该方法将四种颜色按照全排列的相关性质编码产生彩色光栅投射在被测物体表面,依据光栅相位移动增大光栅密度,结合极线约束实现立体匹配,最终获取物体三维数据。结果表明使用该三维扫描技术得到的三维曲面符合原物特征,特别适用于物体三维轮廓的致密测量。     

基于机器视觉的表面粗糙度测量与三维评定

表面粗糙度的测量与评定一直是机械行业的重要课题。提出了一种基于机器视觉检测工件表面粗糙度的方法。首先利用显微镜获取端铣、刨、车不同等级下工件表面的序列图像,采用方差聚焦测度算子对序列图像中的每一个点进行高度计算;然后再利用高斯插值法计算出微观物体表面的准确高度,重构其表面微观形貌;最后计算出各个工件表面的三维粗糙度。通过对实验数据的分析和讨论,可以确定出表面均方根偏差Sq、表面偏斜度Ssk和表面峰密度Sds这三个参数,它们是常用地对工件表面粗糙度进行评价的可靠参数,可为以后三维粗糙度体系的科学建立提供依据。     

基于分层光学扫描的三维数字化测量技术

采用切削分层光扫描测量与计算机数据信息合成相结合的方法，有效地解决了具有复杂内外腔结构零件的三维数字化测量。该方法比传统三维测量速度快、自动化程度高，能同时准确测量零件内外腔表面，零件边缘测量误差可控制在CCD两个像素内。利用获取的铝合金精密小箱体三维数据，在计算机上重构了零件的三维模型，并用RP技术制造出了零件物理原形。     

基于变换热力学的三维任意形状热斗篷设计

在变换热力学的基础上,通过坐标变换的方法,推导出三维任意形状热斗篷导热系数的通解表达式,并进行了全波仿真验证.结果表明:热流均能绕过保护区域流出,保护区域的温度保持不变,而且热斗篷外的温度场并没有破坏,具有很好的热保护和热隐身的效果.这一方法把变换热力学从二维拓展到三维,具有普遍的适用性.同时,这种技术为热流流动路径和目标温度场的控制奠定了理论基础,在微芯片、电动机的保护以及目标热隐身上有潜在应用.     

Coupled bending-torsion vibrations of rotating blades of asymmetric aerofoil cross section with allowance for shear deflection and rotary inertia by use of the Reissner method

Theoretical natural frequencies and modal shapes of the first five modes of vibration are presented for a rotating blade of asymmetric aerofoil cross section, with allowance for shear deflection and rotary inertia. Frequency equations for a rotating blade with asymmetry in one plane are developed by using the Ritz process, in two ways: namely, by proceeding according to the Reissner method and according to the classical potential energy method. In both cases shape functions for the bending moment, shearing force, twisting moment, bending slope, elastic twist and deflection are developed in series form. The results obtained are compared with those existing in the literature; it is found that the Reissner method approach yields more rapid convergence than does the classical potential energy method.     

Design and end chamfer simulation of PEFP beam line curved dipole magnets

The design, fabrication and field measurement of 11 DC curved dipole magnets for the PEFP Beam Line have been completed. In this paper, a design method for a complex end chamfer using OPERA-3D is proposed. The conventional method for estimating chamfer shape is extended and applied to a curved dipole magnet by a coordinate transformation. Using the interface with CAD software, the complex end chamfer is modeled and fully determined by 3D simulation to meet the field uniformity requirement. The magnetic field measurement results are in good agreement with the simulation. The design considerations, field simulation results, end chamfer development process and measurement results are presented in detail.     

3D shape reconstruction of teeth by shadow speckle correlation method

This paper presents a new method for 3D shape reconstruction in computer-aided dental prosthetics. A specklegram is projected onto the tooth to be measured. This shadow speckle image is recorded and then processed by a digital image correlation method, which enables the computation of 2D shapes based on the similar principle of shadow moiré method. By repeating the procedure for all the sides, i.e., one crown and several side surfaces, local 2D shapes can be measured precisely. Afterwards, these local 2D profiles are merged to form a 3D model, during which certain constraints such as the widths along perpendicular directions are introduced to guide the process. As the height information within an entire image field is recorded instantly, it has the potential to be employed in an intra-oral environment, which would make the patient feel more comfortable during the restoration process. In vitro experiments were carried out on gypsum teeth models and the results proved the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

离心叶栅内气固两相流动的数值模拟

离心叶栅内气固两相流动的数值模拟蔡体菁，王文琪，郁斌（东南大学动力工程系南京２１００１８）关键词：离心叶栅，粒子轨迹，龙格－库塔方法。ＮＵＭＥＲＩＣＡＬＭＯＤＥＬＩＮＧＦＯＲＧＡＳ－ＳＯＬＩＤＳＦＬＯＷＳＴＨＲＯＵＧＨＡＣＥＮＴＲＩＦＵＧＡＬＣＡＳＣ...     

Damping of the giant dipole resonance in hot,strongly rotating nuclei

The isovector dipole density-density response of hot rotating nuclei is calculated applying a cranked deformed Nilsson potential together with a separable dipole-dipole residual interaction. The transformation of the response function from the internal rotating coordinate frame to the laboratory frame is discussed and illustrated by classical results for a charged particle moving in a harmonic-oscillator potential. Calculations for ¹⁰⁸Sn, ¹⁵²Dy and ¹⁹⁶Pb are presented. For ¹⁰⁸Sn at high excitation energy thermal fluctuations of the shape gives rise to a rather structureless strength function with a considerable width. For ¹⁵²Dy and ¹⁹⁶Pb superdeformed minima of the potential surface are predicted. The coupling of the giant dipole resonance to the shape degrees of freedom of superdeformed nuclei can split the vibration by ≈ 10 MeV, the lowest peak being expected at an excitation energy of ≈ 7–8 MeV and carrying ≈ 30% of the energy-weighted sum rule.     

Mathematical modeling and simulation for the flow of magneto-Powell-Eyring fluid in an annulus with concentric rotating cylinders

The rheological fluid flows through concentric rotating cylinders have wide range of applications in many machinary parts such as axles and shafts to spinning projectiles. Whenever, the rotating motion connected with the discs, the proximity of a surface may be remarkably change the structure of the flow. The main purpose of this study is to discuss the motion of Powell-Eyring fluid between two concentric rotating cylinders. We formulated the problem in cylindrical coordinate system with suitable boundary conditions. The existence and uniqueness of the solution for the equation governing the flow is provided with the help of Schauder’s fixed point theorem. The velocity distribution is obtained by Mathematica software. The numerical results are presented for the sundry parameters through graphical representations. It is depicted from our analysis that, the velocity is an increasing function of rotation parameter and Powell-Eyring fluid parameter. The present analysis has wide range of applications in engineering sciences.     

条纹图像边缘检测在热轧带钢平坦度测量中的应用

平坦度是描述带钢板形质量的主要参数之一,平坦度在线测量对于板形控制至关重要。研究了一种新型的基于数字投影和条纹边缘检测技术的平坦度测量系统,阐述了该系统的测量原理、硬件构成及系统软件,软件包括图像处理、坐标变换及平坦度计算等。该测量方法属于三维全场式测量方法,能克服带钢垂直运动给测量带来的不利影响,与目前广泛应用的传统测量方法相比,抗干扰能力强,测量结果更准确,且成本较低。     

极坐标激光直写系统原点定位的实验研究

分析了旋转线性光栅法对准光轴与旋转机械轴中心的理论准确度,实验研究了极坐标激光直写系统的原点定位.在极坐标激光直写系统下进行了圆环线条写入实验,得出了原点定位的准确度,原点定位准确度优于0.5 μm,实验与理论定位准确度基本一致.     

Dynamics of damped rotating solids of revolution through an Eulerian modal approach

This article presents a technique for modelling the dynamic response of rotating flexible solids with internal modal damping. The method is applicable to solids with geometry of revolution that rotate around their main axis at constant spinning velocity. The model makes use of an Eulerian modal coordinate system which adopts the vibration modes in a non-rotating frame as basis functions. Due to the coordinate system, the technique is particularly suitable for studying the dynamic interaction between rotating solids and non-rotating structures and permits to obtain Frequency Response Functions. The current investigation presents the development of the proposed technique from a previous Lagrangian model, and consequently the mathematical relationships between the two coordinate sets are found. The approach has been adopted to study the dynamics of a simply supported cylinder including damping in order to obtain the receptance function and the modal properties of the rotating solid.