合成正丁醛1，2-丙二醇缩醛的新型催化剂硫酸氢钠

议NaHSO4为催化剂,对以正丁醛（Ⅱ）和1,2-丙二醇（Ⅲ为原料合成正丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛（Ⅰ）的反应条件进行了研究,探讨了醛醇摩尔配比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对收率的影响。实验表明：NaHSO4是合成正丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂。最佳反应条件为：n（醛）：n（醇）=1：3,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的2．5％,带水剂环已烷为15mL,反应时间1h,在上述条件下,正丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛的收率可迭71．9％。     

合成正丁醛1,2一丙二醇缩醛的新型催化剂硫酸氢钠

以NaHSO4为催化剂,对以正丁醛(Ⅱ)和1,2-丙二醇(Ⅲ)为原料合成正丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛(I)的反应条件进行了研究,探讨了醛醇摩尔配比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对收率的影响。实验表明:NaHSO4是合成正丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂。最佳反应条件为:n(醛):n(醇)=1:3,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的2.5%,带水剂环已烷为15mL,反应时间1h,在上述条件下,正丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛的收率可达71.9%。     

H4SiW12O40-Pan催化剂催化合成丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛

自制了H1SiW12O40(硅钨酸)-PAn(聚苯胺)催化剂．通过丁醛和1,2-丙二醇为原料合成丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛,探讨了H4SiW12O40—PAn催化剂对缩醛反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了原料量比,催化剂用量,反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响．实验表明：H4SiW12O40-PAn是合成丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂,在n(丁醛)：n(1,2-丙二醇)=1：1．5、催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1．2％、环己烷为带水剂、反应时间1．0h的优化条件下,丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛的收率可达95．2％．     

TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化合成丁醛乙二醇缩醛

以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2为多相催化剂，对以丁醛和乙二醇为原料合成丁醛乙二醇缩醛的反应条件进行了研究，实验表明TiSiW12O40/TiO2是合成丁醛乙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂，较系统地研究了醛醇的物质的量的比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对收率的影响，得到最佳反应条件为：n(丁醛)：n(乙二醇)=1：1．5，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0．5％，环己烷为带水剂，反应时间1．0h，上述条件下，丁醛乙二醇缩醛的收率可达81．9％。     

磷钨酸掺杂聚苯胺催化合成丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛

以磷钨酸掺杂聚苯胺H3PW12O40/Pan为催化剂,对以丁醛和1,2-丙二醇为原料合成丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛的反应条件进行了研究.实验表明:磷钨酸掺杂聚苯胺催化剂H3PW12O40/Pan是合成丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂,较系统地研究了醛醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对收率的影响.最佳反应条件为:n(丁醛):n(1,2-丙二醇) =1:1.2,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.5%,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间50 min.上述条件下,丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛的收率可达87.9%.     

磷钨酸/硅胶催化剂催化合成丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛

以溶胶-凝胶法自制的磷钨酸/硅胶为催化剂,通过丁醛和1,2-丙二醇为原料反应合成丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛,探讨了磷钨酸/硅胶催化剂对缩醛反应的催化活性,用正交试验法较系统地研究了醛醇量比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响.实验表明:磷钨酸/硅胶是合成丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂,在n(丁醛):...     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成异丁醛1，2-丙二醇缩醛的研究

在强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化剂存在下,以异丁醛、1,2-丙二醇为原料,直接合成异丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛．分别研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、带水剂、催化剂用量等条件对合成反应的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件：反应温度90-95℃,反应时间2．5h,n（异丁醛）：n（1,2-丙二醇）=1：1．2,催化剂用量1．5g,带水剂环己烷40mL（异丁醛为0．1mol的情况下）．异丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛的收率达到91．16％,产品纯度w（异丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛）达到98．5％以上．催化剂不经处理可多次循环使用．该催化剂具有价廉易得、催化活性好、不腐蚀设备、无环境污染等优点．     

SO42-/TiO2-MoO3催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2-MoO3为多相催化剂，对以苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的反应条件进行了研究。实验表明：SO4^2-／TiO2-MoO3是合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂，较系统地研究了醛醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对收率的影响。最佳反应条件为：n(苯甲醛)：n(乙二醇)=1：1．3，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0．75％，环己烷为带水剂，反应时间40min。上述条件下，苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的收率可达82．7％．     

磷钨钼酸掺杂聚苯胺催化合成缩醛(酮)

采用回流法制备了磷钨钼酸掺杂聚苯胺催化剂.对以环己酮、丁酮、苯甲醛和正丁醛与二元醇(乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇)为原料合成8种缩醛(酮)的反应条件进行了研究,较系统地研究了醛/酮与二元醇量比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对收率的影响.结果表明,在n(醛/酮)与n(乙二醇/1,2-丙二醇)的比为1∶1.5,催化剂的用量占反应物料总质量的0.8%,反应时间为1 h条件下,8种缩醛(酮)的收率为48.3%~81.1%.     

活性炭负载磷钨杂多酸催化合成缩醛(酮)

以活性炭负载磷钨杂多酸为催化剂,对以乙酰乙酸乙酯、环己酮、丁酮、苯甲醛和正丁醛与二元醇（乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇）为原料合成10种缩醛（酮）的反应条件进行了研究,较系统地研究了醛/酮与二元醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对收率的影响。结果表明,在n(醛或酮)∶n(乙二醇或1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.5,催化剂的用量占反应物料总质量的1.0%,反应时间为1h条件下,10种缩醛（酮）的收率在60.0%～95.4%之间。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that