失代偿期肝硬化198例预后因素分析

目的 探讨影响失代偿期肝硬化患者预后(生存时间)的因素.方法 对2004年8月-2009年4月我院收治的临床资料和随访结局完整的198例失代偿期肝硬化患者进行回顾性分析.记录年龄、肝功能、肾功能、血脂等39项指标,采用Kaplain-Meier及Log-Rank检验进行单因素分析,再将单因素分析有意义的指标引入Cox模型进行多因素分析.结果 单因素分析显示腹腔积液、自发性腹膜炎、肝性脑病、食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血、年龄、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、清蛋白、球蛋白、肌酐、凝血酶原时间、纤维蛋白原、血钠、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、HBV DNA、脾静脉内径17项指标与肝硬化预后相关(P＜0.05).多因素分析显示球蛋白(P=0.000)、自发性腹膜炎(P=0.014)、肝性脑病(P=0.027)、食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血(P=0.031)4项指标与肝硬化预后有显著相关性.结论 球蛋白、自发性腹膜炎、肝性脑病、食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血是影响失代偿期肝硬化患者预后的重要因素.     

337例住院肝硬化患者预后相关因素研究

目的探讨住院肝硬化患者的临床和生存情况,分析影响其预后的危险因素。方法选取337例肝硬化住院病例,对临床资料进行收集与统计,并随访预后情况,分析临床及实验室相关指标与预后的关系。结果①血清总胆红素、直接胆红素、血肌酐、尿素氮、凝血酶原时间、凝血酶原时间国际标准化比率、血红蛋白、白蛋白、腹水与住院期间预后显著相关。②血清总胆红素、直接胆红素、肌酐、尿素氮、凝血酶原时间、凝血酶原时间国际标准化比率、白蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、胆固醇、血钠、肝性脑病、肝肾综合征、腹水及年龄与5年预后显著相关。③经多因素COX回归分析筛选出8个与5年转归相关的独立影响因素为血清白蛋白、肌酐、尿素氮、总胆红素、凝血酶原时间、低密度脂蛋白和腹水、年龄。④住院期间生存率为89.0%,3个月生存率87.8%,6个月生存率82.2%,1年生存率77.4%,3年生存率59.1%,5年生存率46.9%。结论①较多常用临床指标与肝硬化预后相关,肝功能是决定预后的主要因素。②腹水及年龄亦与5年病死率显著相关。     

失代偿期肝炎肝硬化患者的预后相关因素分析

目的探讨影响肝硬化患者预后的危险因素,为临床治疗决策提供指导. 方法对资料完整的肝炎肝硬化患者112例（存活组65例,死亡组47例）,统计年龄、肝硬化并发症、肝脏生化、腹水检查结果21项指标,进行单因素分析.结果分析发现年龄、消化道出血、原发性肝癌、肝性脑病、感染、肝肾综合征、腹水、脾功能亢进、自发性腹膜炎、腹水白细胞、外周白细胞、凝血酶原活动度、白蛋白、血清胆红素、血尿素氮、低钠血症、肝炎病毒复制与肝炎肝硬化预后显著相关（P＜0.05～0.001）.预后相关强度分析（OR值）发现肝性脑病、肝肾综合征、凝血酶原活动度、胆红素、低钠血症是影响肝炎肝硬化患者预后的独立危险因素.结论肝硬化患者的病情严重程度和预后受到多种因素影响,死亡主要原因为肝功能衰竭、肝细胞癌、消化道出血.     

肝硬化腹水患者预后的危险因素研究

为探讨影响肝硬化腹水患者预后的危险因素 ,建立判断其预后的评分系统 ,随机选择肝硬化腹水患者 1 80例 (存活组 89例 ,死亡组 91例 ) ,统计其年龄、肝硬化相关的并发症、肝脏生化、腹水检查结果等 2 2个指标 ,进行单因素分析 ,并将P <0 .0 5的指标进行Logistic回归分析。结果 :单因素分析发现 ,年龄、消化道出血、肝性脑病、肝肾综合征、休克、腹水白细胞数、外周白细胞数、凝血酶原活性、白蛋白、血清总胆红素、血清尿素氮及低钠血症与肝硬化腹水患者预后有关 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 0 0 )。Logistic回归发现 ,凝血酶原活性、肝性脑病、血清尿素氮及低钠血症是影响肝硬化腹水患者预后的独立危险因素。以凝血酶原活性等 4个指标建立一个判断肝硬化腹水患者预后的评分系统 ,以总分≥ 5为判断死亡的临界值 ,预测死亡的正确率为 91 .2 % ,预测生存的正确率为 94.3 % ,符合率为 91 .7%。     

肝硬化顽固性腹水预后因素分析

目的:了解影响肝硬化顽固性腹水患者预后的主要指标。方法:选择具有完整临床资料和随访结果的66例肝硬化顽固性腹水患者,进行回顾性分析。记录患者的性别、年龄、病因、肝功能、Child-Pugh分级等资料,采用Kaplain-Meier法及Log-rank检验进行单因素分析。再将单因素分析有意义的指标采用Cox回归模型进行多因素分析。结果:多因素分析显示凝血酶原时间、自发性腹膜炎、肝性脑病、食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血、Child-Pugh分级与肝硬化顽固性腹水患者的预后相关(P<0.05)。结论:凝血酶原时间、自发性腹膜炎、肝性脑病、食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血、Child-Pugh分级是影响顽固性腹水患者预后的重要因素。     

肝硬化并上消化道出血的死亡危险因素分析

目的观察肝硬化GEV住院患者影响死亡的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2000—01～2007—10之间住院的127例肝硬化GEV患者的临床和实验室指标与死亡率的关系。临床指标包括：Child—Pugh分级，腹水，肝性脑病，内窥镜检查24h的再出血；实验室指标包括：血红素浓度，凝血酶原时间，血清胆红素，血清肌酐，血清白蛋白。结论血清肌酐水平〉135μmol／L，血清胆红素水平〉51μmol／L，肝性脑病的出现和内窥镜检查24h内的再出血是肝硬化和胃肠道出血死亡的独立危险因素。     

乙肝后肝硬化预后因素分析

目的 探讨乙肝后肝硬化临床表现、实验室指标和预后的关系。方法 应用数理统计学方法对１５６例乙肝后肝硬化患者的临床表现、实验室指标和生存期进行逐项分析。结果 消化道出血、腹水、肝性脑病、Ｃｈｉｌｄ分级、胆红素、白蛋白、甘胆酸、凝血酶原时间、胆固醇、肌酐、血钠、胆碱酯酶活力、血小板等１３项指标与肝硬化患者预后有密切相关性，其余的指标与肝硬化患者预后无相关性。结论 肝硬化患者临床表现、实验室检查等１３项     

乙肝肝硬化预后临床分析

目的 探讨乙肝肝硬化发病的年龄、性别、临床表现及实验室指标与预后的关系。方法 应用统计学方法对115例乙肝肝硬化患者的年龄、性别、临床表现、实验室指标进行分析。结果 年龄、性别、HBVDNA、白蛋白、凝血酶原活动度、总胆汁酸、总胆红素、胆固醇、血钠、血小板计数、上消化道出血、肝性脑病、腹水、肝肾综合症等与乙肝肝硬化患者的预后密切相关。结论 乙肝肝硬化患者的年龄、性别、临床表现及实验室检查等指标可判断疾病的预后。     

肝硬化患者Child-Pugh评分与菌血症发生的相关性

目的：分析肝硬化患者菌血症发生与Child-Pugh评分的关系,为肝硬化患者菌血症的早期诊治提供依据。方法选取云浮市人民医院2013年1月至2014年12月收治的肝硬化患者97例为研究对象,根据是否发生菌血症分为菌血症组54例和无菌血症组43例,两组患者均在入院时给予血培养,检查肝功能和凝血酶原时间,并监测腹水消退及肝性脑病情况,对两组患者的Child-Pugh评分及各指标情况进行单因素分析,对有意义项进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果单因素分析显示,两组患者入院时在肝性脑病分级、凝血酶原时间延长和腹水发生情况、总胆红素和总蛋白水平以及Child-Pugh评分分布构成情况比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),对这些指标进行多因素Logistic分析显示,肝性脑病、腹水、总胆红素≥34μmol/L、总蛋白水平＜35 g/L和凝血酶原时间延长>3 s以及Child-Pugh评分C级均为菌血症发生的危险因素。结论肝硬化患者Child-Pugh评分C级为菌血症发生的独立危险因素,早期进行Child-Pugh分级并给予早期预防性应用抗生素,能够减少菌血症的发生,提高菌血症的救治成功率,值得在基层医院推广应用。     

乙肝后肝硬化预后影响因素分析

目的：探讨乙肝后肝硬化的年龄、性别、临床表现及实验室指标与预后的关系。方法：应用统计学方法对120例乙肝后肝硬化患者的年龄、性别、临床表现及实验室指标进行逐项分析。结果：年龄、性别、腹水、肝性脑病、上消化道出血、肝肾综合征、胆红素(TBiL)、白蛋白、凝血酶原时间活动度(PTA)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、胆固醇(CHO)、血钠、血小板等13项指标与乙肝后肝硬化患者的预后有密切相关性。结论：乙肝后肝硬化患者的年龄、性别、临床表现及实验室检查等13项指标可判断疾病的预后。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.