凹形树突状PtCu纳米催化剂的合成及对甲醇的电催化

以邻苯二胺为表面活性剂,通过水热釜法一步制备凹形树突状PtCu双金属纳米催化剂(PtCu NCDs)。PtCu NCDs在电催化甲醇氧化(MOR)的应用中表现出非常高的活性和很强的抗有毒中间体作用。PtCu NCDs对于甲醇氧化的质量活性为(0.53 A·mg^-1 Pt)是商业Pt/C(0.26 A·mg^-1 Pt)的2.04倍。从比活性的CV曲线图对比发现PtCu NCDs(1.07 mA·cm^-2)是商业Pt/C(0.55 mA·cm^-2)的1.95倍。而且,PtCu NCDs(2.76)比商业Pt/C催化剂(1.02)表现出更高的I_f/I_b比值。这些优异的电催化活性可能归功于PtCu NCDs特殊的凹形树突状形貌。     

凹形树突状PtCu纳米催化剂的合成及对甲醇电催化的研究

以邻苯二胺为表面活性剂,通过水热釜法一步制备凹形树突状PtCu双金属纳米催化剂(PtCu NCDs)。PtCu NCDs在电催化甲醇氧化(MOR)的应用中表现出非常高的活性和很强的抗有毒中间体作用。PtCu NCDs对于甲醇氧化的质量活性为(0.53 A·mg^-1 Pt)是商业Pt/C(0.26 A·mg^-1 Pt)的2.04倍。从比活性的CV曲线图对比发现PtCu NCDs(1.07 mA·cm^-2)是商业Pt/C(0.55 mA·cm^-2)的1.95倍。而且,PtCu NCDs(2.76)比商业Pt/C催化剂(1.02)表现出更高的I_f/I_b比值。这些优异的电催化活性可能归功于PtCu NCDs特殊的凹形树突状形貌。     

锰基配位聚合物的简易合成、结构及其在葡萄糖电化学传感中的应用

利用刚性配体6-（3-吡啶基）间苯二甲酸（H₂PIAD）,制备了一种基于Mn （Ⅱ）的配位聚合物{[Mn （PIAD）（DMF）]·H₂O}_n（1）。采用后合成Ag纳米颗粒的策略制备了复合材料（Ag@1）以提高葡萄糖传感的电催化活性。在优化的外加电位下,通过计时电流法评估了Ag@1修饰的玻碳电极（GCE）的电催化性能。配位聚合物1为在其表面的Ag纳米颗粒均匀分布提供了固定基质,而且Ag@1传感器可以最大限度地发挥Ag与1结合对葡萄糖氧化的电催化协同效应。结果表明,Ag@1修饰的GCE对葡萄糖的检测性能良好,检出限低（6.36 μmol·L^-1）,选择性和灵敏度好（166.71 μA·L·mmol^-1·cm^-2）。     

氮掺杂有序介孔碳-Ni纳米复合材料的制备及电化学性能

以F₁₂₇为模板剂,NiCl₂为镍源,尿素为氮源,间苯二酚甲醛原位聚合树脂为碳源,分别采用均相法和两相法制备Ni-N-OMC-1,Ni-N-OMC-2纳米复合材料.X射线衍射(XRD)、激光拉曼以及透射电子显微镜(TEM)等测试结果表明,复合材料具有有序介孔结构,Ni以金属微粒形式嵌于碳骨架中,提高了有序介孔碳的石墨化程度.X射线光电子能谱测试(XPS)表明尿素热解后以4种形式存在:sp³杂化与C结合的N原子,吡啶N原子,sp²杂化与C结合的N原子以及quaternary-N原子.Ni-N的共改性改变了碳载体的理化性质,有利于Pt纳米粒子的负载与分散.均相法制备的Ni-N-OMC-1复合材料微波负载Pt后,氧还原极限电流密度为5.32mA·cm^-2,氢氧化电化学活性面积高达138.53m²·g^-1,电化学催化活性优于商业20%Pt/C材料(4.49mA·cm^-2,96.98m²·g^-1).     

纳米多孔Ni、Ni3S2/Ni复合电极的制备及其电催化析氢性能

采用脱合金化和水热合成的方法制备纳米多孔Ni和纳米多孔Ni₃S₂/Ni复合电极。通过N₂吸附-脱附测试、XRD、SEM、TEM等方法表征电极的孔径分布、物相和微观结构。在1 mol·L^-1的NaOH溶液中,运用线性扫描伏安（LSV）曲线、交流阻抗（EIS）谱图、恒电流电解法等测试电极的电催化析氢性能。结果表明：在电流密度为50 mA·cm^-2时,与纳米多孔Ni相比,Ni₃S₂/Ni合金具有更低的析氢过电位以及更高的析氢活性,同时纳米多孔Ni₃S₂/Ni复合电极具有更低表观活化能和电子转移阻抗,进一步明确了过渡金属硫化物对电催化析氢性能的特殊贡献。     

Zn掺杂Co9S8纳米材料的制备及其在超级电容器和电催化析氢中的应用

采用原位溶剂热生长法设计合成了锌掺杂Co₉S₈纳米颗粒。各种表征技术和性能测试结果表明：锌掺杂Co₉S₈纳米颗粒的孔尺寸为18 nm,比表面积为23 m²·g^-1;同时微量的锌掺杂显著增强了Co₉S₈的电催化析氢（HER）活性及电容器性能。在HER性能测试中,当电流密度为10 mA·cm^-2时电位为-361 mV,电流密度最高可达38.26 mA·cm^-2,且具有优异的循环稳定性。同时在电容器性能测试中具有较高的比电容,当电流密度为1 A·g^-1时,质量比电容和面积比电容分别为235.48 F·g^-1和812.4 mF·cm^-2。     

花生壳基多孔碳负载Pd-Co催化剂应用于碱性介质中电氧化甲醇

以花生壳为原料,经KOH活化制备花生壳基多孔碳（HC）。氮气吸附-脱附研究表明,所获得的多孔碳的总表面积高达1 645 m²·g^-1。采用浸渍还原法制备了以HC为载体的Pd-Co/HC催化剂。X射线衍射（XRD）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析表明,催化剂中的Co主要以Co和CoO的形式存在,Co进入Pd的晶格并形成Pd-Co合金。Pd-Co/HC_0.5-700的透射电子显微镜（TEM）结果显示,Pd-Co纳米颗粒具有较小粒径（约4 nm）且成功地分散在HC上。Pd-Co/HC_0.5-700在碱性介质中电催化氧化甲醇时表现出优秀的电催化活性、稳定性和CO耐受性,这种显著的高性能可以归因于生物质载体大的表面积和Co的成功掺杂。     

氮化钨-钨/掺氮有序介孔碳复合材料的制备及其氧还原性能

采用软模板法制备了氮化钨-钨/掺氮有序介孔碳复合材料（WN-W/NOMC）,作为一种高比表面积且价格低廉的阴极氧还原反应催化剂。通过适量添加尿素来改变复合材料中的氮含量,在掺氮量为7%（w/w）时,实验发现材料能够保持完整有序介孔结构,测试其比表面积高达835 m²·g^-1,透射电子显微镜（TEM）测试结果显示其催化颗粒均匀地分散在氮掺杂有序介孔碳载体上。在O₂饱和的0.1 mol·L^-1 KOH溶液中测试了材料的氧还原催化性能（ORR）,显示其起始电位为0.87 V（vs RHE）,极限电流密度为4.49 mA·cm^-2,氧还原反应的转移电子数为3.4,接近于20%（w/w）商业Pt/C的3.8,说明该材料表现出近似4电子的氧还原反应途径。研究结果表明,WN-W/NOMC的催化性能虽然稍弱于商业铂碳（0.99 V,5.1 mA·cm^-2）,但其具有远超铂碳的循环稳定性和耐甲醇毒化能力。     

从SiCl4合成多孔硅/碳复合材料及储锂性能研究

以Li₁₃Si₄和SiCl₄为原料,通过简单的机械球磨法合成多孔硅/碳复合材料,通过控制Li₁₃Si₄颗粒的尺寸可以有效调节产物的比表面积。分别研究了包覆碳含量、多孔硅/SuperP(导电碳)比表面积以及极片活性物质负载量对多孔硅/碳复合材料电化学性能的影响。结果表明:多孔硅/SuperP比表面积为100.9m₂·g^-1,化学气相沉积(CVD)包覆碳含量为25.3wt%(约6nm厚)的复合材料具有最高的电化学活性,在300mA·g^-1的电流密度下,循环可逆比容量达到1900mAh·g^-1,50次循环后容量仅衰减7.6%。     

脊椎状NiCo2O4纳米棒的制备及其析氧和氧还原性能研究

以水热法并进一步焙烧合成脊椎状NiCo₂O₄纳米棒,通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）和热重分析仪（TG）等来表征其结构形态及热稳定性.采用线性扫描法（LSV）、循环伏安（CV）研究所制备催化剂的在玻碳和旋转圆盘电极上的电催化活性：在0.1 mol·L^-1 KOH溶液中的电催化析氧反应（OER）和电催化氧还原反应（ORR）.研究结果表明,所制备的脊椎状NiCo₂O₄纳米棒有大量的不饱和态,200℃焙烧制备的脊椎状NiCo₂O₄纳米棒析氧过电位最小可达309 mV,Tafel斜率145.6 mV/dec,其氧还原极限电流密度在1600 rmp可达到5.095 mA·cm^-2,电子转移数在3.2~3.8之间,接近四电子转移机理,其优良电化学性能可能是由于暴露了更多的边缘缺陷的缘故.     

Electrocatalytic activities of binary and ternary composite electrodes of Pd, nanocarbon and Ni for electro-oxidation of methanol in alkaline medium

Films of binary and ternary composites of Pd, nanocarbon (C), and Ni are obtained on glassy carbon electrodes and investigated as electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation (MOR) in alkaline medium. Results show that among the electrocatalysts investigated, the apparent electrocatalytic activity of the Pd-0.5%C electrode is the greatest and that it decreases with increasing percentage of C in the composite. The Pd-0.5%C composite electrode has approximately two times higher activity than that of Pd electrode for MOR under similar experimental conditions. Introduction of Ni (1–2%) into the active Pd-0.5%C catalyst somewhat declines the apparent electrocatalytic activity of the electrode. The onset potential for MOR is observed to be the greatest negative at the Pd-0.5%C composite electrode, which gets shifted towards noble side by 80–100 mV with addition of Ni (1–2%).     

Preparation and characterization of Ni(II)/polyacrylonitrile and carbon nanotube composite modified electrode and application for carbohydrates electrocatalytic oxidation

A nickel(II) into porous polyacrylonitrile–carbon nanotubes composite modified glassy carbon electrode (Ni/PAN-CNT/GCE) was fabricated by simple drop-casting and immersing technique. The unique electrochemical activity of Ni/PAN-CNT composite modified glassy carbon electrode was illustrated in 0.10?M NaOH using cyclic voltammetry. The Ni/PAN-CNT/GCE exhibits the characteristic of improved reversibility and enhanced current responses of the Ni(III)/Ni(II) couple compared with Ni/PAN/GCE and Ni/CNT/GCE. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy indicated the successful immobilization for PAN-CNT composite film. Kinetic parameters such as the electron transfer coefficient, α, and rate constant, k _s, of the electrode reaction were determined. Ni/PAN-CNT/GCE also shows good electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose, and sorbitol). The electrocatalytic response showed a wide linear range (10–1,500, 12–3,200, 7–3,500, and 16–4,200?μM for glucose, sucrose, fructose, and sorbitol, respectively) as well as its experimental limit of detection can be achieved 6, 7, 5, and 11?μM for glucose, sucrose, fructose, and sorbitol, respectively. The modified electrode for carbohydrates determination is of the property of simple preparation, good stability, and high sensitivity.     

多孔枝晶镍铜合金的制备及其电催化析氢、肼氧化性能

以镍网(NM)为基体,采用氢气泡模板法合成了独立分相金属Ni、Cu为主晶相、具有四级复合微纳结构的镍铜合金电催化剂(NiCu/NM)。在电催化析氢(HER)及肼氧化(HzOR)反应中,NiCu/NM表现出优良的催化活性,在1.0 mol·L^-1KOH(含0.5 mol·L^-1N2H4·H2O)溶液中,电流密度为10 mA·cm^-2时,其需要的HER及HzOR过电势分别为104和41 mV;在双电极体系中,电流密度为100 mA·cm^-2时,NiCu/NM的分解槽压仅为0.536 V,远低于全水分解过程所需的1.921 V,大大提高了电池的产氢效率。无论三电极体系还是双电极体系,NiCu/NM均表现出优异的催化活性及稳定性。分析认为,镍铜合金薄膜的多级复合结构使其展现出增大了近14倍的电化学活性面积(ECSA),为电催化反应提供了大量催化活性位点,也为电极表面的电荷传输、物质传递提供了充足的通道;Cu的掺入提高了材料的本征HER活性,两者协同促进了电催化活性的提升,其中NiCu/NM的结构优势对其优良的催化性能起主导作用。     

富氮洋葱碳包覆的Ni/NiFe2O4纳米棒析氧电催化剂

将镍铁金属配位聚合物前驱体在惰性气氛下热分解制备了富氮洋葱碳(ONC)包覆的Ni/Ni Fe_2O_4多孔纳米棒复合析氧电催化剂,与Ni@ONC,Ni Fe_2O_4材料及传统Ru O_2催化剂相比,得益于这种富氮洋葱碳包覆的Ni/Ni Fe_2O_4一维多孔纳米异质结构,Ni/Ni Fe_2O_4@ONC材料拥有更优异的导电性能和更大的电化学活性面积(0.149 m F),因而表现出更优异的析氧电催化性能。Ni/Ni Fe_2O_4@ONC纳米棒在1 mol·L~(-1) KOH溶液中,10 m A·cm-2下的析氧过电位仅为299 m V,塔菲尔斜率为73 m V·dec-1,展现出优异的析氧稳定性能。     

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Estrogenic Phenolic Compounds at a Nickel‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

This paper demonstrates for the first time, successful electrocatalytic oxidation of electroactive estrogenic phenolic compounds (EPCs) at a nickel‐modified glassy carbon electrode (Ni‐GCE). The electrode was evaluated in terms of electrocatalytic activity, sensitivity, linear dynamic range, limit of detection, and response stability. In comparison to bare glassy carbon electrode, current amplification was observed for EPCs at Ni‐GCE, for example, for a 40 µM estrone at Ni‐GCE was amplified by a factor of 1224. The Ni‐GCE gave good figures of merit with no evidence of electrode fouling. As an example, the limit of detection (S/N=3) for 17β‐estradiol was 100 nM and the response precision (n=5) was 3.4 %.     

氮掺杂碳纤维负载镍钴硒化物的制备及其电催化析氢性能

以静电纺丝制备的纤维为前驱体,通过煅烧、硒化处理等工艺合成了负载双金属硒化物纳米粒子的氮掺杂碳纤维(NCF)材料((Ni,Co)Se2/NCF),并对其进行了一系列相关的表征,研究了其在酸性和碱性条件下的析氢性能.(Ni,Co)Se2纳米粒子被锚定于NCF中,有效地阻止了纳米粒子的聚集,提供了更多的催化活性位点.电催化...     

Direct Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis of Hemoglobin–TiO2 Whisker Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

In this study, Hb TiO₂ whisker nanocomposites are prepared by incorporating TiO₂ whisker with hemoglobin (Hb). Our studies illustrate that the self‐assembled Hb TiO₂ whisker films could efficiently facilitate the direct electron transfer of Hb on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Moreover, our results demonstrate that the catalytic activity to the reduction of H₂O₂ could be observed on the Hb TiO₂ whisker modified GCE and the photovoltaic effect of TiO₂ whisker can greatly enhance the detection sensitivity of electrocatalytic reduction.     

Synthesis of graphene oxide nanosheet: A novel glucose sensor based on nickel-graphene oxide composite film

The graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were produced by chemical conversion of graphite, and were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). An electrochemical sensor based on Ni/graphene (GR) composite film was developed by incorporating Ni²⁺ into the graphene oxide film modified glassy carbon electrode (Ni/GO/GCE) through the electrostatic interactions with negatively charged graphene oxide. The Ni²⁺/graphene modified glassy carbon electrode (Ni/GR/GCE) was prepared by cyclic voltammetric scanning of Ni/GO/GCE in the potential range from ?1.5 to 0.2 V at 50 mV s^?1 for 5 cycles. The electrochemical activity of Ni/GR/GCE was illustrated in 0.10 M NaOH using cyclic voltammetry. The Ni/GR/GCE exhibits the characteristic of improved reversibility and enhanced current responses of the Ni(III)/Ni(II) couple. The introduction of conductive graphene not only greatly facilitates the electron transfer of Ni²⁺, but also dramatically improves the long-term stability of the sensor by providing the electrostatic interactions. Ni/GR/GCE also shows good electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of glucose. The Ni/GR/GCE gives a good linear range over 10 to 2700 μM with a detection limit of 5 μM towards the determination of glucose by amperometry. This sensor keeps over 85% activity towards 0.1 mM glucose after being stored in air for a month, respectively. Furthermore, the modified sensor was successfully applied to the sensitive determination of glucose in blood samples.