高精度陶瓷平板分离膜的制备及性能研究

本文以喷涂过渡层的氧化铝板为膜板支撑体,在其上采用动态喷涂法制备分离膜层。通过SEM,孔径分析等手段对所得样品进行表征。探究不同烧成温度,喷涂增重,膜浆固含对陶瓷膜孔径,形貌,膜厚的影响,得出最佳的陶瓷平板膜制备条件。结果表明：当烧成温度为1060℃,氧化铝膜浆固含为35%,焙烧后喷涂增重在0.4%~0.6%之间时,膜厚与膜形貌达到最优。陶瓷平板膜的孔径在90nm左右,水通量在0.3MMH。     

多孔陶瓷分离膜支撑体的制备研究

采用氧化铝为主要原料制备出多孔陶瓷分离膜支撑体,对原料粉体做了TG/DSC曲线分析,研究了支撑体的烧结温度对收缩率的影响及烧结温度、保温时间和原料粉体粒径对孔结构、孔径的影响,造孔剂用量对孔隙率的影响。结果表明：在烧结温度为1200℃,保温时间4h,控制造孔剂用量大于20%时,制备出孔径分布均匀,孔隙率大于50%,符合透水要求的多孔陶瓷分离膜支撑体。     

致密超细球形氧化铝制备性能良好的陶瓷超滤膜

热等离子体制备的超细球形氧化铝具有表面致密光滑、分散性好等特点,本工作以超细球形氧化铝为原料,通过浸渍提拉烧结法,制备了孔径分布窄、渗透通量高的陶瓷超滤膜,研究了烧结温度对陶瓷膜微孔结构的演化、孔径分布和渗透通量的影响。随后对1250℃下烧结的陶瓷膜进行了纳米硅水分散液过滤处理,采用不同堵塞模型分析了陶瓷膜过滤纳米硅水分散液的膜污染过程。结果表明,通过调节烧结温度调控陶瓷膜的微孔结构,当烧结温度为1250℃时,陶瓷膜的孔径分布较窄,孔径大小为25?65 nm,渗透通量为986.4 L/(m2?h)。超细球形氧化铝粒径分布较窄及表面致密光滑有助于1250℃下烧结形成均匀的烧结颈,提供了陶瓷膜较窄的孔径分布。对1250℃下烧结的陶瓷膜进行了纳米硅水分散液过滤处理后其浊度下降为0.231 NTU,浊度去除率达99.96%。采用不同堵塞模型分析了陶瓷膜过滤纳米硅水分散液的膜污染过程,结果表明,纳米硅水分散液的堵塞模型是滤饼过滤,属于可逆污染。     

不同铝源对SiC/堇青石复相多孔陶瓷的制备及性能影响

以碳化硅、氮化铝、层析氧化铝、氢氧化铝、氟化铝、滑石为主要原料,石墨为造孔剂通过原位反应烧结技术制备碳化硅/堇青石复相多孔陶瓷.研究了含铝化合物种类、烧结温度、石墨含量对SiC/堇青石复相多孔陶瓷相组成、微观结构、气孔率和抗折强度的影响,同时对S0组在1200℃烧结温度下制得的SiC/堇青石复合多孔陶瓷的孔径分布进行了测试分析.结果表明:以AlN为铝源在1200℃下烧结,石墨含量在15％时,堇青石结合SiC多孔陶瓷的抗弯强度和气孔率两项综合性能达到最优,气孔率为31.99％,相应的弯曲强度86.20 MPa.S0组的平均孔径大小在3.0191 μm.     

具有梯度孔结构的氧化铝超滤膜的制备及表征

采用浸渍法在多孔氧化铝基板表面依次制备微孔过渡膜和超滤膜,形成具有梯度孔结构的陶瓷超滤膜。详细考察了浸浆次数和烧结温度对膜微观结构和孔径大小的影响。结果表明,通过二次涂膜,在多孔氧化铝基板表面获得了膜厚约30μm,孔径约200 nm的微孔过渡膜,其最佳烧结温度为1200℃;通过一次涂膜,在过渡膜表面获得了孔径小于3.6nm的超滤膜,其最佳烧结温度为1100℃。     

提拉浸渍用氧化铝陶瓷平板膜烧制工艺研究

陶瓷平板膜具有过滤精度高、化学稳定性好、价格适宜、使用寿命长等优点,可有效解决当前有机类膜材料可靠性差、寿命短,运行成本高等问题,在膜法水处理领域,具有广阔的应用前景。但是国内在陶瓷平板膜的制备、应用等方面的研究较少,面向产业化、工程化方面的研究开发工作极为匮乏,导致陶瓷平板膜的品控较差。烧成工艺决定了陶瓷平板膜的最终成型质量,但是国内对于此项工作的研究报道较少。本工作以高纯α-Al2O3和高纯硅溶胶为主要原料配置成料浆,采用氧化铝支撑层提拉浸渍烘干后,经过烧结制备出氧化铝陶瓷平板膜,结果表明在1350oC下,陶瓷平板膜综合性能最优。     

氧化钛-氧化铝复合微滤膜的制备

采用悬浮粒子烧结法制备氧化钛 -氧化铝复合微滤膜 ,研究了膜厚度、烧结时间和烧结温度对膜的孔径及其分布的影响。     

CMS和纳米TiO2对氧化铝陶瓷烧结的影响

选用CaO-MgO-SiO2(CMS)和纳米TiO2两种添加剂及其复合来降低氧化铝陶瓷的烧结温度、改善其烧结性能.讨论了烧结助剂配比和掺量、烧结温度对氧化铝陶瓷的相对密度、抗弯强度的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜观察了氧化铝陶瓷的显微结构.研究结果发现:CMS/TiO2质量比为1/1,(CMS+TiO2)质量分数为6%,烧结温度为1450 ℃时,氧化铝陶瓷相对密度为93.07 %,晶粒细小均匀、排列紧密、平均粒径3 μm,抗弯强度达到362.87 MPa.     

氧化铝木陶瓷的制备与性能研究

以木粉、硅溶胶、纳米氧化铝为原料,制备出了氧化铝木陶瓷,利用TG-DSC对橡胶木粉、硅溶胶的热分解过程进行了研究,通过扫描电镜、EDS能谱、红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对样品的形貌及结构进行了表征,研究了不同烧结温度及不同氧化铝添加量对木陶瓷残炭率的影响。实验结果表明,在烧结温度为1000℃,木粉∶硅溶胶∶氧化铝质量比为1∶2∶08时,得到了含有晶须状莫来石结构的氧化铝木陶瓷。     

烧结制度对多孔Al2O3陶瓷载体性能影响的研究

本文用固态粒子烧结法制备多孔氧化铝陶瓷 ,研究了烧结制度对多孔陶瓷的空隙率、孔径、硬度及热变型等的影响 ,制得了具有较高孔隙率 (44 %～ 6 0 % )和一定孔径分布和强度的多孔氧化铝陶瓷     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.