偶联剂用量对聚酰亚胺杂化薄膜结构与性能的影响

用不同用量硅烷偶联剂处理纳米Al2O3粉体,并借助超声波以一定方式将其均匀分散于聚酰胺酸溶液中,制备出不同偶联剂用量的PI/纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜,并对该杂化薄膜的断面形貌、聚集态结构、热稳定性、力学性能、电击穿场强进行表征测试分析.结果表明,偶联剂用量对PI杂化薄膜的聚集态结构影响较小,但对无机纳米粒子在PI基体中的分散状态有较大影响,当偶联剂AE3012的用量为无机粒子质量分数的4%时,该PI杂化薄膜的热稳定性、力学性能、电击穿场强均最高.     

纳米Al2O3的晶型对聚酰亚胺杂化薄膜性能的影响

将经偶联剂处理的纳米Al2O3粉体,借助超声波以一定方式均匀分散于聚酰胺酸溶液中,制备出Al2O3不同晶型、不同含量的PI/纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜,并对杂化薄膜微观形貌、聚集态结构、光透过率、热稳定性、电击穿场强进行研究,分析Al2O3晶型和含量对PI/纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜的结构和性能的影响.结果表明:PI/纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜的热稳定性,电击穿场强均高于纯PI薄膜,且随着纳米Al2O3含量的提高热稳定性也随之提高,电击穿场强先升高后降低;填充Al2O3粉体的晶型对PI薄膜分子链堆积密度有较大的影响,导致添加不同晶型Al2O3的杂化薄膜性能的差异.     

聚酰亚胺/纳米Al_2O_3三层复合薄膜的制备

将掺杂纳米Al2O3的聚酰胺酸与未掺杂聚酰胺酸在玻璃板上逐层涂膜,热亚胺化制备了3层聚酰亚胺/纳米Al2O3复合薄膜.采用扫描电镜(SEM)对该薄膜的微观形貌进行了表征,测试了薄膜的热稳定性、力学性能及电击穿场强.结果表明,复合薄膜的热性能及电击穿场强均高于掺杂薄膜及未掺杂膜,当热失重达到10%时,复合薄膜的热分解温度达到了629.1℃;与掺杂薄膜相比,复合薄膜的力学性能得到明显提高,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为117.4 MPa和18.5%.     

微量SiO_2对PI/Al_2O_3复合薄膜性能的影响

通过固定纳米氧化铝(Al2O3)的含量,改变纳米氧化硅(SiO2)的含量,制备一系列纳米SiO2含量不同的聚酰亚胺(PI)/Al2O3/SiO2复合薄膜。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FT-IR)对复合薄膜的微观形貌和分子结构进行表征,结果表明纳米颗粒在PI基体中均匀分散,而且纳米颗粒的加入既不影响PI的分子结构又对聚酰胺酸的热亚胺化无影响。同时测试了薄膜的力学性能、击穿场强和耐电晕时间。结果表明,当纳米SiO2质量分数为0.5%时,复合薄膜的击穿场强和耐电晕时间分别为211.15 kV/mm、378 min,均优于纳米SiO2质量分数分别为0,0.1%,0.3%和0.7%的薄膜,并且其力学性能也较优异。     

KH550修饰Al_2O_3及其对PI/Al_2O_3薄膜性能的影响

通过调整KH550的含量对Al2O3粉体表面进行改性,并用红外光谱(FT-IR)和X射线衍射(XRD)对改性后的粉体进行表征,表征结果显示KH550成功的键合到Al2O3粉体表面。然后分别使用Al2O3以及改性Al2O3制备了一系列无机粉体含量为16%(质量分数)的PI复合薄膜,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合薄膜的断面微观形貌进行表征,并对复合薄膜的力学性能和击穿场强进行测试。测试结果显示KH550的含量对无机粉体分散情况有较大影响。当KH550含量为2%(质量分数)时,PI/KH550-Al2O3复合薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率最优,分别为130 MPa,12%,与PI/Al2O3薄膜相比,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别提高了22.8%,44.5%,击穿场强与其相近。     

固体含量对PI/SiO2纳米杂化薄膜聚集态结构的影响

以均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)和4,4'-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)为有机单体,正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为无机前驱体,制备了SiO2含量一定,PAA杂化胶液固体含量不同的PI/SiO2纳米杂化薄膜.利用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、广角X射线衍射仪(WAXD)分析了PAA杂化胶液固体含量对PI/SiO2纳米杂化薄膜聚集态结构的影响.研究结果表明,当PAA杂化胶液固体含量为10%～20%时,团聚的SiO2粒子粒径尺寸随固体含量增加而增加,有机相与无机相界面变清晰,两相作用减弱.随固体含量增加,PI分子链有序度降低,但固体含量对PI分子链有序度的影响很小.     

聚酰亚胺侧链功能化研究进展

介绍了近年来在聚酰亚胺 (PI)侧链功能化研究方面所取得的进展。主要涉及新型含羟侧基聚酰亚胺的合成和PI OH/SiO2 杂化薄膜材料的制备 ;含联苯介晶基元侧链聚酰亚胺的合成 ;PI OH/SiO2 杂化薄膜中SiO2 含量和 /或偶联剂含量与微相结构、透明性、玻璃化转变温度 ,热稳定性、及力学性能之间关系 ;侧链液晶聚酰亚胺薄膜的聚集态结构、溶解性、玻璃化转变温度、热稳定性和力学性能     

原位聚合法制备聚酰亚胺/钨酸锆杂化薄膜的研究

以原位聚合法制备出聚酰亚胺(PI)/钨酸锆(ZrW2O8)杂化薄膜,采用傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和热重分析(TG)研究了所得薄膜的结构、表面形貌及热稳定性.结果表明:ZrW2O8粉体均匀分散在聚酰亚胺基体中,同时,偶联剂的使用有助于提高ZrW2O8粉体在PI基体中的分散性.热重(TG)分析表明ZrW2O8粉体的加入,提高了PI/ZrW2O8杂化薄膜的耐热等级.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备聚酰亚胺/Al2O3纳米复合材料的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了聚酰亚胺(PI)/Al2O3纳米复合薄膜,通过测定胶液在贮存过程中粘度的变化研究了纳米复合胶液的贮存稳定性,采用热失重分析、拉伸强度和体积电阻率等测试方法研究了纳米复合薄膜的性能.结果表明,当Al2O3含量不大于14%时,纳米Al2O3前驱体的存在对纳米复合胶液的贮存稳定性影响不大或基本上没有影响;与纯PI薄膜相比,Al2O3含量不大于5%时,纳米复合薄膜的表观分解温度、拉伸强度以及常态下的体积电阻率均有明显提高;纳米Al2O3的存在有利于改善薄膜的高温电性能.     

离子交换法制备聚酰亚胺/氧化铝复合薄膜及性能研究

采用离子交换技术以氯化铝溶液为铝源制备出了上下两个表层含氧化铝的聚酰亚胺/氧化铝(PI/Al2O3)复合薄膜。对制备的复合薄膜的形貌、力学性能、热性能和电性能进行了表征和测试,并与纯PI薄膜进行了对比。扫描电镜(SEM)结果显示复合薄膜表面无可见粒子,能谱(EDS)显示复合薄膜表面含有Al元素;力学测试结果显示复合薄膜基本上维持了纯膜优越的力学性能;热失重(TG)表明复合薄膜比纯膜有更好的热稳定性;击穿场强测试结果表明复合薄膜击穿场强由原纯膜的291kV/mm提高到了303kV/mm;耐电晕测试结果表明复合薄膜的耐电晕时间由原纯膜的8min提高到了53min,比原纯膜有了很大提升。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度

本文根据多年的实践检定经验 ,参照JJF1 0 59- 1 999《测量不确定度评定与表示》以及《测量不确定度表达 1 0讲》 ,对卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度进行了评定。     

盐酸浓度不确定度的评估

通过对盐酸浓度标定的过程分析，找出影响结果的各个分量，进行不确定度的评定，按照计量技术规范给出标准的表示法。     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。