陶瓷与灰铸铁配副在水润滑下的摩擦学性能

比较了在蒸馏水润滑下Si3N4、Al2O3陶瓷与灰铸铁副的摩擦学性能,结果表明：Al2O3陶瓷的磨损体积远小于Si3N4,但与Si3N4配副时灰铸铁的磨损体积明显小于与Al2O3配副时的磨损体积。其摩擦系数也较小（0.02)。用SEM观察发现Al2O3陶瓷磨擦表面粗糙,有少量的转移膜形成;而Si3N4磨擦表面光滑,与其对应的灰铸铁磨面上存在含石墨的润滑膜。     

3Y-TZP陶瓷在水润滑条件下磨损特性的研究

采用销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机在水润滑条件下对3Y—TZP／（Mg,Y）-PSZ陶瓷摩擦副的磨损性能进行了试验研究。结果表明,3Y—TZP陶瓷的磨损率随着载荷和滑行速度的增加而增大。在低载低速下3Y—TZP陶瓷发生的是微量磨损,其磨损过程相当于抛光;随着载荷与滑动速度的增加,发生的是轻微磨损,相应的磨损机制为塑性变形和微犁削。在高载荷条件下发生了严重磨损,磨损的主要机制是表面断裂。     

水润滑条件下等离子陶瓷涂层的磨损机理研究

针对纯水液压柱塞泵工况，研究了滴水润滑条件下五种等离子陶瓷涂层和整体烧结氧化铝配对的摩擦磨损情况，考察了摩擦系数和试环的磨损量随时间的变化规律，利用SEM、X射线能量色散谱仪等设备观察和分析了磨损表面的形貌和化学元素组成。     

氧化铝陶瓷在海水润滑下的摩擦学行为研究

采用UMT-3摩擦实验机研究氧化铝陶瓷在海水润滑条件下的摩擦学行为,并与其在干摩擦和纯水润滑条件下的摩擦学行为进行比较。利用扫描电子显微镜和X-射线光电子能谱观察并分析氧化铝陶瓷磨损表面形貌以及磨损表面主要元素的化学状态,探讨氧化铝陶瓷在海水中的摩擦化学特性。结果表明,氧化铝陶瓷在干摩擦时具有最大的摩擦因数和最小的磨损率,在海水润滑条件下具有最小的摩擦因数和最大的磨损率,这是氧化铝在海水中发生了摩擦化学反应的结果。氧化铝陶瓷在干摩擦时的磨损主要表现为轻微的脆性剥落,在纯水润滑条件下表现为严重的脆性剥落,而在海水润滑条件下表现为摩擦化学磨损以及极轻微的脆性剥落。     

PEEK450 FC30与SiC陶瓷在海水润滑下的摩擦磨损特性研究

碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮PEEK450 FC30与工程陶瓷SiC软硬组合作为海水柱塞泵关键摩擦副备选材料,利用MCF 10摩擦磨损试验机对其在海水润滑下的摩擦磨损特性进行试验研究,探讨接触压力、滑动转速对材料磨损率和摩擦系数的影响规律。试验结果表明：在一定范围内的滑动速度、接触压力下,该摩擦副呈现出较小的磨损率和摩擦系数。当滑动速度在0.5~1.5 m/s之间,接触压力为1.33 MPa时,磨损率最小。通过扫描电子显微镜观察摩擦副磨损表层发现,在海水润滑下,SiC磨损并不明显,而PEEK450 FC30的磨损主要是以塑性涂抹为特征的粘着和SiC表面粗糙峰引起的机械犁耕。研究结果对水液压元件的选材具有十分重要的指导作用。     

青铜-石墨热喷涂层在干摩擦和水润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能

在MM-200摩擦磨损试验机上研究了青铜-石墨热喷涂层在干摩擦和水润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能,采用扫描电镜(SEM)对磨损表面形貌进行了观测和采用X射线能谱分析(XPS)分析了涂层成分。结果表明,在水润滑条件下涂层摩擦因数和磨损率均低于干摩擦条件下;在水润滑条件下磨损机制为轻微磨粒磨损和犁削磨损,在干摩擦下主要是较为严重的粘着磨损和犁削。这是由于水润滑降低了摩擦副界面温度,提高了石墨润滑膜的韧性,改善了润滑效果,从而阻止了粘着磨损的发生,水还促进了钢偶件表面致密氧化膜的形成,从而减轻磨损。因此水润滑对涂层磨损性能有较大影响。     

水润滑陶瓷轴承的试验研究

使用Ｓｉａｌｏｎ，ＺｒＯ２和Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷材料，进行了水润滑条件下的滚动轴承和滑动轴承的试验研究，比较和分析了各种陶瓷材料的疲劳和磨损特性，滚动轴承中Ｓｉａｌｏｎ球的寿命最长，Ａｌ２Ｏ３球的寿命最短，滑动轴承试验中Ｓｉａｌｏｎ的摩擦系数最小，而ＺｒＯ２的磨损较大，借助扫描电子显微镜和Ｘ射线能谱分析讨论了陶瓷的疲劳和磨损机理。     

陶瓷涂层刀具切削灰铸铁的试验研究

为了探究陶瓷涂层刀具涂层材质、基体材质对切削性能的影响,试验采用四种陶瓷涂层刀具连续干切削灰铸铁,测试了切削力和切削温度的变化情况以及后刀面的磨损量和已加工表面的粗糙度。结果表明,在刀具基体同为Si_3N_4的条件下,涂层材质为Ti N/Al_2O_3/Ti C的刀具比Ti N/Al_2O_3的切削性能好;在涂层材质同为Ti N的条件下,刀具基体Al_2O_3/Ti CN比Al_2O_3/Ti C的切削性能好。研究发现:四种陶瓷涂层刀具前刀面磨损形式均为微崩刃和月牙洼,后刀面磨损形式均为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损,涂层的磨损形式均为剥落和扩散磨损。     

氮在灰铸铁中的分布

本文用波谱和俄歇能谱测定了Fe-C-Si-Mn灰铸铁凝固过程中氮的分布,并用x射线衍射仪测定了加氮前后灰铸铁中铁素体和渗碳体晶格尺寸的变化,以揭示在灰铸铁凝固后的固态相变中氮的分布。本文的研究工作为解释氮在灰铸铁中的作用机理提供了实验依据。     

Al_2O_3基陶瓷拉丝模材料的摩擦磨损性能

采用热压法制备出三种Al2O3基复合陶瓷材料,用于陶瓷拉丝模的制作。计算出拉丝模在拉拔加工中的应力分布,指出拉丝模应力最大和磨损最严重的区域。陶瓷拉丝模的摩擦磨损特性是影响拉丝模工作寿命的主要原因,因此在MRH-3高速环块磨损试验机上对Al2O3基复合陶瓷材料摩擦磨损行为及其磨损机理作了试验研究。测试出Al2O3基复合陶瓷材料在不同转速和载荷下,摩擦因数和磨损率的变化规律。通过扫描电镜观测其磨损区微观形貌,分析其滑动摩擦的微观机理为机械磨损耕犁、粘着和脆性微脱落。结果表明,这三种Al2O3基复合陶瓷拉丝模材料具有较高抗弯强度和断裂韧度。Al2O3基复合陶瓷材料的磨损机理主要是脆性脱落和耕犁,具有良好的耐磨性,是制备拉丝模的优良材料。     

蒸馏水润滑下Si_3N_4-白口铸铁摩擦面上表面膜形成过程的观察

为了观察蒸馏水润滑下的Ｓｉ３Ｎ４—白口铸铁摩擦面上表面膜的形成过程,在环—块磨损试验机上进行了不同磨程的磨损试验,通过扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）对不同磨程的铸铁磨面进行了观察,对表面膜的形成机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明,当Ｓｉ３Ｎ４与白口铸铁配副摩擦时,由于铸铁中碳化物的剥落而形成剥落坑,Ｓｉ３Ｎ４磨屑嵌入剥落坑并氧化和水解,其反应产物富集于剥落坑中,脱水聚合后形成硅胶,从而在磨面形成了含硅胶的表面膜。表面膜的形成保护了陶瓷和铸铁磨面,使其变得很光滑,从而使摩擦系数降至０．０２,并使陶瓷和铸铁的磨损几乎接近于零。     

Effect of lubricants on the friction and wear of Al2O3 against gray cast iron

The tribological behavior of ceramic Al₂O₃ coupled with gray cast iron (PHT) with different lubricants was investigated using a ring-on-block wear tester. In the wear test, air, distilled water, emulsion and oil were used as lubricants respectively in order to check the lubricating effectiveness of lubricants and the friction mechanism of solid graphite in the cast iron. Wear testing of 0.8% C steel (T8) sliding with Al₂O₃ was also carried out to compare with the test using gray cast iron. From these data the tribological behavior of graphite in the iron can be evaluated. The results show that the friction and wear of tested couples are decreased using different lubricants in the following order: air, distilled water, emulsion and oil. When lubricating with air and water, graphite in the iron as solid lubricant can decrease the friction and wear of the couples. However, when lubricating with emulsion and oil, graphite does not show the advantage of decreasing friction and wear.     

CUTTING PERFORMANCE AND WEAR MECHANISM OF Si3N4-BASED NANOCOMPOSITE CERAMIC CUTTING TOOL IN MACHINING OF CAST IRON

A type of Si₃N₄-based nanocomposites ceramic cutting tool material was prepared by the addition of nano-scale Si₃N_4W whisker and nano-scale TiN particle. Cutting performance of the Si₃N₄/Si₃N_4W/TiN nanocomposite ceramic tool in machining of cast iron was investigated in comparison with a commercial sialon ceramic tool, and the tool wear mechanism was studied. The two types of cutting tools have similar cutting performance at relatively low cutting parameters, while Si₃N₄/Si₃N_4W/TiN nanocomposite tool exhibits a better wear resistance than sialon tool at the relatively high cutting parameters. The wear of sialon ceramic cutting tool is dominated by the plastic deformation, abrasive action, microcracking, pullout of grains and chemical action at the higher cutting parameters. The higher mechanical properties, and the refined matrix grains, intragranular TiN grains and dislocation in the microstructure improve the resistances to plastic deformation, microcracking, and pullout of grains for Si₃N₄/Si₃N_4W/TiN nanocomposite ceramic cutting tool. The wear of Si₃N₄/Si₃N_4W/TiN nanocomposite ceramic cutting tool is dominated by the abrasive and chemical actions at the higher cutting parameters.     

Friction Reduction and Wear Resistance Enhancement of SiC and Si3N4 Ceramics under Dry Conditions

In this study, an effort was made to control the friction and wear behavior of silicon carbide (SiC) and silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) ceramics using an ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification (UNSM) technique. The friction and wear behavior of the ceramic specimens was investigated using a ball-on-disk tribotester under dry conditions against two different Si₃N₄ and bearing steel (SUJ2) balls. The experimental test results revealed the possibility of controlling the friction and wear behavior of ceramics, where the friction coefficient and wear resistance of the specimens were improved by the UNSM technique. The hardness of the specimens also increased after UNSM treatment, but it decreased abruptly with increasing depth from the very top surface. Microscratch tests showed that the critical load of the specimens was improved by the UNSM technique. In addition, Raman spectra results revealed that no additional phase was detected after UNSM treatment, but the intensity decreased after UNSM treatment. Hence, the UNSM technique ensures stronger ceramics and enables better friction and wear behavior than available conventional sintered ceramics.     

润滑条件对Al_2O_3基陶瓷材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

本文对Al2O3基陶瓷材料/45＃钢摩擦副的摩擦系数与45＃钢/45＃钢的摩擦系数作了对比滑动摩擦试验研究,观测分析了Al2O3基陶瓷材料磨痕形貌,并就干摩擦,油润滑状态下Al2O3基陶瓷材料的磨损机理进行了分析。结果表明,分别在干摩擦和20＃机油润滑下,Al2O3基陶瓷材料/45＃钢的摩擦系数均比45＃钢自配副时的低。在干摩擦条件下,Al2O3基陶瓷材料的磨损机理是脆性微剥落和磨粒磨损,油润滑条件下,该材料的磨损机理是脆性脱落和耕犁,但磨损量小于干摩擦条件下的磨损量,说明油润滑对Al2O3基陶瓷材料有明显的减磨作用。     

一种Al2O3基陶瓷刀具的切削性能研究

采用热压工艺制备了一种Al2O3／Ti（CN）陶瓷刀具材料,对其进行了切削性能试验,分析了其切削磨损机理并比较了三种陶瓷刀具的切削性能。试验结果表明,在切削淬硬45^#钢和铸铁时,Al2O3／Ti（CN）陶瓷刀具的耐磨性与Al2O3／TiC陶瓷刀具接近,但明显高于Al2O3／TiC／CaF2自润滑陶瓷刀具;Al2O3／Ti（CN）陶瓷刀具的后刀面磨损量随切削速度和背吃刀量的增加而增大。SEM分析发现,在切削淬硬45^#钢和铸铁时Al2O3／Ti（CN）陶瓷刀具后刀面主要磨损形式为磨粒磨损。     

等离子喷涂Al_2O_3-TiO_2/MoS_2陶瓷减摩耐磨涂层的结构与性能研究

采用等离子喷涂技术在钛合金表面制备Al2O3-TiO2陶瓷涂层,并用MoS2均匀填充涂层表面空隙,在TE66微磨粒磨损试验机上对涂层的摩擦学性能进行系统研究,利用扫描电镜、光学显微镜对涂层的表面形貌、元素构成、膜层厚度和磨斑形貌进行分析,并采用显微维氏硬度计和划痕试验机对涂层的显微硬度和结合强度进行测试。结果表明:涂层与基体之间的结合强度良好,显微硬度高达HV1 457,磨损失重量仅为未涂层样品的1.29%,摩擦因数大幅度降低,存在轻微的疲劳磨损特征。     

氧化铝颗粒增强铜基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

利用粉末冶金法制备了Al_2O_3颗粒增强铜基复合材料,分析了Al_2O_3含量和转速对复合材料耐磨性能以及摩擦因数的影响。结果表明:复合材料的磨损量随Al_2O_3含量的增加先减小后增大,Al_2O_3体积分数为15%时耐磨性能最好;磨损量以及摩擦因数随着转速的增大先增大后减小,在400 r·min~(-1)时的磨损最严重,摩擦因数最大;磨损主要机制是粘着磨损和磨粒磨损。