原发性肝癌的彩色多普勒及三维血流能量成像特征及其临床意义

目的:探讨三维血流能量成像(3D-CPA)和彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)的临床应用价值。方法:对47例原发性肝癌的病灶进行二维、CDFI及3D-CPA的检查,比较CDFI及3D-CPA显示肿瘤瘤内或瘤周血流多普勒信号丰富程度及血管分布类型,并检测肿瘤的血流参数。结果:3D-CPA显示肿瘤血流分布丰富程度及血管分布类型与CDFI均有显著性差异(均P<0.05),CDFI均可探及肿瘤的搏动性动脉血流,其中,收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)为43~157cm/s,阻力指数(RI)为0.49~0.82,大于0.65者45例。结论:3D-CPA结合彩色多普勒血流参数的检测可作为临床评价原发性肝癌血供及血管分布的常规检查方法。     

超声对颈动脉内膜剥除前、后颅内外血流动力学变化的评价

目的:探讨彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)和经颅彩色多普勒血流成像(TCCDFI)评价颈动脉内膜剥除术(CEA)治疗前、后患者颅内外动脉血流动力学的变化。方法:用CDFI和TCCDFI分别对23例颅外段颈内动脉(EICA)狭窄患者CEA治疗前、后狭窄局部管径、收缩期峰值流速(PSV)及同侧大脑中动脉(MCA)、眼动脉(OA)CEA治疗前、后PSV、搏动指数(PI)和颅内侧支循环的建立情况进行分析。结果:EICA狭窄患者CEA术后原狭窄处内径、PVS及患侧MCA、OA的PSV、PI恢复正常,侧支循环关闭。结论:CDFI与TCCDFI结合可评价颈动脉狭窄患者行CEA治疗前、后颅内外动脉的血流动力学变化,对判断CEA的疗效具有重要的临床价值。     

颅内动脉经颅彩色多普勒血流成像研究

目的探讨不同年龄正常人颅内动脉的显示率和内径变化。方法256例正常成人按年龄、性别分6组,采用经颅彩色多普勒血流成像(TCCDFI)、能量多普勒(CDE)及超声造影(ECE)技术,观察颅内动脉走行及血流方向,并测量其血管内径。结果①TCCDFI和CDE颅内动脉成功显示率在男女各组中均随年龄增长而下降。三组女性间差异有显著性意义,老年女性明显低于男性(P<0.05),Willis环完全未显示的老年组被检者行ECE仍有85%可清晰显示;②血管内径随年龄增加而变小且男女间差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论TCCDFI、CDE及ECE能实时动态观测颅内动脉,可作为颅内动脉检查的有效方法。     

颈动脉粥样硬化磁共振血管成像和彩色多普勒超声对比研究

目的 探讨彩色多普勒和磁共振血管成像(MRA)对颈动脉粥样硬化的诊断价值.方法 用CDFI及MRA 2种方法检查42例缺血性脑梗塞患者和40例对照组的颈动脉.超声检查颈动脉内径、测量颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)、最狭窄处管径,了解斑块情况,观察颈动脉狭窄程度.MRA检查颈动脉内径,测量病变动脉信号缺失情况,判断颈动脉狭窄程度.结果 超声检查显示缺血性脑梗塞患者颈动脉病变发生率明显高于对照组(P＜0.001).本组病例轻度、重度狭窄的MRA与超声诊断完全符合.1例血管闭塞超声低估为重度狭窄,1例超声判断为中度狭窄MRA高估为重度狭窄.MRA和超声结果具有极好的一致性.结论 超声与MRA在诊断颈动脉狭窄中具有互补作用,两者结合使用能提高评估狭窄程度的准确性.     

TCD和CDFI联合检测对椎-基底动脉狭窄的诊断价值

目的将通过经颅多普勒超声（TCD）和彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）联合检测诊断的椎-基底动脉狭窄患者的检测资料进行分析,并与数字减影血管造影（DSA）做对比研究,客观评价二者对椎-基底动脉狭窄的诊断价值。方法经TCD、CDFI诊断的椎-基底动脉狭窄患者38例,均进一步行磁共振血管造影（MRA）、DSA检测,对比分析其检测结果。结果与DSA比较,TCD、CDFI对椎动脉的检测敏感性为83%,特异性为91%;TCD对基底动脉狭窄检测的敏感性为75%,特异性为93%。以DSA为标准,TCD对基底动脉近段、中段、远段的检出率分别为100%、50%和33%。以DSA为标准,TCD＋CDFI对椎-基底动脉狭窄的检出率为79%,MRA的检出率为96%,TCD、CDFI、MRA三者联合检出率为98%。结论①TCD、CDFI对椎-基底动脉狭窄的特异性较高,且无创、经济、方便,故可作为首选筛查手段。但因其敏感性不是很高,故当临床出现后循环神经缺失症状,而检测结果阴性时,可结合MRA检查;②TCD、CDFI、MRA三者联合对VBA狭窄有较好的准确性。     

胡桃夹综合征的彩色多普勒血流成像与数字减影血管造影对比研究

目的通过对比数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查结果,探讨彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)对胡桃夹综合征(nutcracker syndrome,NCS)诊断的临床应用价值。方法对18例NCS患者的CDFI及DSA图像进行回顾性研究。观察左肾静脉(LRV)的形态走行,应用彩色多普勒超声检测肠系膜上动脉(SMA)与腹主动脉(AA)夹角(β)并测量不同体位下左肾静脉受压狭窄部位内径(b)及受压扩张部位内径(a),脉冲多普勒测量受压部位血流速度(Vb)及扩张部位血流速度(Va),计算a/b,Vb/Va,△P(△P=4V2)并与DSA结果进行比较。结果 CDFI显示17例NCS的LRV狭窄程度与DSA结果完全一致,1例部分一致,与DSA的符合率94%(17/18)。结论 CDFI对NCS具有极高的诊断价值,为诊断该病提供无创性首选检查方法。     

不同海拔人群肱动脉血管内皮舒张功能检测分析

目的应用彩色多普勒超声方法评价不同海拔人群血管内皮功能。方法采用便携彩色超声诊断仪探头频率7.0～12.0MHz,对1500～3800m以上不同海拔高度1130名部队官兵与职工应用高频彩色多普勒超声检测肱动脉反应性充血前后动脉内径、血流速度、血流量、血管阻力指数(RI)、心率及血流介导血管内皮舒张功能(EDD)等指标。结果随着海拔高度的上升,肱动脉检测的指标均有改变,在高海拔加压后血管内径变窄(P<0.01);血流速度减慢;血流量减少;EDD值降低。与低海拔组相比差异有统计学意义。结论不同海拔地区对血管内皮的影响是存在的,尤其在高海拔低氧环境下肱动脉各项指标的改变较大,与高原心血管疾病的发生有较密切的相关性。     

双功彩色多普勒超声检测糖尿病患者眼动脉血流量

目的：探讨双功彩色多普勒超声(CDUS)定量评价糖尿病患者眼动脉血流量的可行性。方法：糖尿病组33例66条眼动脉，正常对照30例60条眼动脉。检测指标包括眼动脉彩色血流束宽度以代表其内径(D)和平均血流速度(Vmean)，并计算每条眼动脉的血流量。结果：糖尿病组眼动脉平均内径及平均血流速度均低于正常组，进而导致其眼动脉血流量低于正常组。结论：双功CDUS是检测糖尿病患者眼动脉血流量可行且实用的技术。     

TCD与彩色多普勒超声对椎动脉流速减慢的对比研究

目的:对比分析椎动脉血流速度减慢患者经颅多普勒(TCD)与彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)检测结果,探讨其有无差异。方法:应用TCD和CDFI分别检测82例椎动脉血流速度减慢患者的椎动脉血流动力学指标及二维结构。结果:TCD与CDFI所测椎动脉血流速度和阻力指数(RI)值比较无差异(P0.05)。结论:TCD与CDFI联合检测椎动脉血流速度减慢患者,可证实椎动脉血液循环障碍的客观存在及病变部位所在,揭示了椎动脉血流速度减慢的病理基础。     

彩色多普勒血流成像在检测子宫动脉栓塞术前后卵巢血流变化中的应用

目的 应用彩色多普勒血流成像技术(CDFI)从血液动力学水平了解子宫动脉栓塞术(UAE)对卵巢血供的影响.资料与方法 32例妇科良性疾病患者子宫动脉栓塞术前及术后1周、术后1个月和术后3个月分别用彩色多普勒血流成像技术测量子宫及卵巢动脉的血流变化参数,包括收缩期血流速度峰值(PSV)、舒张期末血流速度(EDV)及阻力指数(RI).结果 32例患者手术成功率为100％,术后所有患者临床症状均得到改善;栓塞前后卵巢动脉PSV、EDV及RI比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);栓塞前后子宫动脉PSV、EDV及RI比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 子宫动脉栓塞术治疗妇科良性疾病是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,彩色多普勒血流成像技术可作为妇科良性疾病手术前后的检测方法,用来评价子宫动脉栓塞术的临床疗效.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Die rechtsmedizinische Identifizierung — Bedeutung und Beweiswert —

Zusammenfassung Bei der rechtsmedizinischen Identifizierung kann die Identität im strengen Sinn allenfalls bei lebenden Personen festgestellt werden; sonst läßt sich nur von Teilen auf das Ganze (vom Untersuchungsobjekt auf die Person) schließen, wobei die verschiedenen Merkmale des Untersuchungsobjektes entsprechend der Hdufigkeit ihres Vorkommens eine unterschiedliche Beweiskraft haben. Bei der Schädelidentifizierung mit Hilfe moderner photographischer oder elektronischer Superprojektionsverfahren ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Weichteildicken so viele (fiktive) Vergleichspunkte, daß bei geeignetem Vergleichsmaterial (Photographien) Identität wegen der Vielzahl übereinstimmender Bezugspunkte in den meisten Fällen evident ist.     

Imaging of abdominal nodal spread in malignant disease

This is a review of the role of imaging procedures for the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. The diagnosis of malignant lymphatic spread is rarely the sole purpose of imaging, because it is usually part of a general abdominal examination, most frequently with CT or US, or increasingly with MRI. These studies are often requested in order to obtain information about the situation to be encountered during surgery, or to alert the surgeon to irresectability or to unexpected metastases outside the initially planned area of exploration. In most surgically treated tumours the role of imaging for preoperative staging is limited, due either to its insufficient sensitivity or because the initial treatment is independent of the lymph node stage. Imaging is commonly used to verify treatment response to chemo- or radiotherapy and for follow-up.Correspondence to: S. Delorme