地奥心血康对心肌缺血再灌注犬心功能及去甲肾上腺素含量的影响

２８只杂种犬分地奥心血康组（ＤＡＸＸＫ）和生理盐水组（ＮＳ）。结扎冠状动脉左前降支使心肌缺血。分别于结扎即刻静脉滴注ＤＡＸＸＫ（５．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）和１００ｍｌＮＳＮ。ＮＳ组随缺血再灌时间延长，ＣＩ，ＬＶＳＰ，±ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ等明显下降，而ＴＰＶＲ与血清Ｌｅｖ含量进行性升高。ＤＡＸＸＫ与ＮＳ比较，有显改善心功能的效应。     

地奥心血康对犬心肌缺血再灌注血中5－羟色胺及血栓素B_2含量的影响

成年杂种犬随机分成２组，分别静脉滴注地奥心血康（ＤＡＸＸＫ）５ｍｇ／ｋｇ稀释于１００ｍＬ生理盐水中及等容量生理盐水（ＮＳ）。结果表明，随缺血再灌注时间延长，ＮＳ组血清中５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）及血浆中血栓素Ｂ_２（ＴＸＢ_２）含量逐渐增高，电镜下血小板呈聚集状态。ＤＡＸＸＫ组５－ＨＴ与ＴＸＢ_２含量接近实验前水平，血小板变化小于ＮＳ组，提示ＤＡＸＸＫ对缺血再灌注损伤时血小板形态及功能具有保护作用。     

地奥心血康对犬心肌缺血再灌注血中5—羟色胺及血栓素B2含量的影响

成年杂种犬随机分成２组，分别静脉滴注地奥心血康（ＤＡＸＸＫ）５ｍｇ／ｋｇ稀释于１００ｍＬ生理盐水中及等容量生理盐水（ＮＳ）。结果表明，随缺血再灌注时间延长，ＮＳ组血清中５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）及血浆中血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）含量逐渐增高，电镜下血小板呈聚集状态。ＤＡＸＸＫ组５－ＨＴ与ＴＸＢ２含量接近实验前水平，血小板变化小于ＮＳ组。提示ＤＡＸＸＫ对缺血再灌注损伤时血小板形态及功能具有保护作用。     

地奥心血康对心肌缺血再灌注犬的心肌细胞膜结构与功能的影响

１６只成年杂种犬复制心肌缺血再灌注模型，分为地奥心血康（ＤＡＸＸＫ）治疗组和生理盐水（ＮＳ）对照组。结果表明，ＤＡＸＸＫ组血清胞内酶（ＡＳＴ，ＣＫ和ＬＤＨ）水平的增高低于ＮＳ组；心肌细胞膜Ｎａ＋，Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶和Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶比活性高于ＮＳ组；心肌细胞膜ＬＰＯ含量低于ＮＳ组；心肌组织ＳＯＤ水平高于ＮＳ组。心肌电镜观察显示，ＤＡＸＸＫ可维持心肌细胞膜的完整性。＊Ｐ＜０．０１。图２ＤＡＸＸＫ组心肌细胞超微结构（×１２０００倍）细胞膜完整，肌原纤维排列整齐，少数线粒体稍肿胀讨论随着溶栓等疗法的成功应用，发现缺血再灌注可造成组织损伤［６］。寻找有效的抗缺血再灌注损伤的药物，可减轻其对组织损伤的程度。我们的实验证明，ＤＡＸＸＫ可明显降低血清酶水平，在一定程度上保持了膜结构的完整性。心肌超微结构的观察也证明了这一点。心肌缺血再灌注情况下，氧自由基对生物膜的损伤起了很重要的作用［７］。本实验发现，ＤＡＸＸＫ组心肌细胞膜ＬＰＯ含量明显低于ＮＳ组，与维持细胞内环境稳定有关的Ｎａ＋，Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶比活性，ＤＡＸＸＫ组高于ＮＳ组，并且，Ｎａ＋，Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶比活性与ＬＰＯ含量呈显著的负相关关系。提示由氧自?     

地奥心血康对犬心肌缺血再灌注的血液过氧化脂质、氧自由基及红细胞超氧化物歧化酶活力的影响

目的：观察地奥心血康（ＤＡＸＸＫ）对犬心肌缺血再灌注的血液ＬＰＯ，氧自由基及红细胞ＳＯＤ的影响。方法：１８只成年杂种犬复制心肌缺血再灌注模型，分为ＤＡＸＸＫ治疗组和０．９％氯化钠注射液对照组。以荧光法测定血液ＬＰＯ；电子自旋共振（ＥＳＲ）行全血氧自由基捕捉；ＮＢＴ比色法测定红细胞及心肌中ＳＯＤ活力。结果：ＤＡＸＸＫ组血中ＬＰＯ含量低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；红细胞及心肌ＳＯＤ活力高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）；对照组冠脉血中有强的氧自由基信号出现，而ＤＡＸＸＫ组的ＥＳＲ谱中氧自由基信号消失。结论：ＤＡＸＸＫ有降低心肌缺血再灌犬血中ＬＰＯ、氧自由基、提高红细胞及心肌ＳＯＤ活力的作用。     

地奥心血对犬心肌缺血再灌注的血液过氧化脂质,氧自由基及红细胞超…

目的：观察地奥心血康（ＤＡＸＸＫ）对犬心在再灌注的血液ＬＰＯ，氧自由基及红细胞ＳＯＤ的影响。方法，１８只成年杂种犬复制心肌缺血再灌注模型，分为ＤＡＸＸＫ治疗组和０．９％氯化钠注射液对照组，以荧光法测定血液ＬＰＯ；电子自共振（ＥＳＲ）行全血氧自由基捕捉；ＮＢＴ比色法红细胞及心肌中ＳＯＤ活力。结果，ＤＡＸＸＫ组血中ＬＰＯ含量低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）；红细胞及心肌ＳＯＤ活力高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５），     

地奥心血康对心肌缺血再灌注犬的心肌细胞膜结构与功能的影响

１６只成年杂种犬复制心肌缺血再灌注模型，分为地奥心血康治疗疗组和生理盐水对照组。结果表明，ＤＡＸＸＫ组血清胞内酶水平的增高低于ＮＳ组；心肌细胞膜Ｎａ＾＋，Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶和Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶比活性高于ＮＳ组；心肌细胞膜ＬＰＯ含量低ＮＳ组；心肌组织ＳＯＤ水平高于ＮＳ组。心肌电镜观察显示，ＤＡＸＸＫ可维持心肌细胞膜的完整性。     

THE CHEMISTRY AND DISTRIBUTION OF TAXANE DITERPENOIDS AND ALK

ＴＨＥＣＨＥＭＩＳＴＲＹＡＮＤＤＩＳＴＲＩＢＵＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＡＸＡＮＥＤＩＴＥＲＰＥＮＯＩＤＳＡＮＤＡＬＫＡＬＯＩＤＳＦＲＯＭＧＥＮＵＳＴＡＸＵＳＪＺＺｈａｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＭａｔｅｒｉａＭｅｄｉｃａ，ＣｈｉｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＭｅｄｉ...     

地奥心血康对冠心病病人血栓烷B_2与红细胞—超氧化物歧化酶的影响

目的：探讨地奥心血康（ＤＡＸＸＫ）治疗冠心病的作用机制。方法：５２例冠心病病人随机分为ＤＡＸＸＫ治疗组２６例（男性８例，女性１８例，年龄５６±ｓ８ａ）。采用ＤＡＸＸＫ２００ｍｇ，ｐｏ，ｔｉｄ，共４ｗｋ；对照组２６例（男性７例，女性１９例，年龄５７±８ａ）采用淀粉配制的片剂，２．２ｇ，ｐｏ，ｔｉｄ，共４ｗｋ。结果：ＤＡＸＸＫ组可显著降低血浆血栓烷Ｂ＿２（Ｐ＜０．０５），并提高红细胞—超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性（Ｐ＜０．０１）；与对照组比较，Ｐ值均＜０．０１。结论：ＤＡＸＸＫ具有调节血栓烷Ａ＿２的降解产物血栓烷Ｂ＿２的水平，从而抑制小板的聚集及有使ＳＯＤ活性增加，有一定的抗脂质过氧化损伤作用，有利于心血管疾病的防治。     

Modulation of cyclothiazide on the glutamate receptor/NO/cyclic GMP pathway in the hippocampus of freely-moving rats

通过活体微透析的方法研究了环噻嗪对大鼠海马谷氨酸受体／ＮＯ／ｃＧＭＰ通路的影响．局部灌流α－氨基羟甲基异唑丙酸（ＡＭＰＡ）受体脱敏阻断剂环噻嗪能引起细胞外ｃＧＭＰ水平的提高．环噻嗪的这种作用能够被ＮＯ合酶抑制剂Ｎ－硝基－Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－ＮＮＡ）或选择性的可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂１Ｈ－［１，２，４］二唑［４，３－ａ］喹喔啉－１－酮（ＯＤＱ）所阻断．在环噻嗪灌流过程中，大鼠呈现明显的痉挛前的行为变化湿狗样反应（ＷＤＳ）．由环噻嗪引起的ｃＧＭＰ增加和ＷＤＳ反应能够被Ｎ－甲基－Ｄ－天冬氨酸（ＮＭＤＡ）受体通道阻断剂甲基二苯并环庚烯亚胺（ＭＫ－８０１）或镁离子所阻断．ＡＭＰＡ受体拮抗剂６，７－二硝基喹喔啉－２，３－二酮（ＤＮＱＸ）和２，３－二羟基－６－硝基－７－氨磺酰基－苯并（ｆ）－喹喔啉（ＮＢＱＸ）可拮抗ＷＤＳ反应，但不能阻断环噻嗪引起的ｃＧＭＰ反应．这种结果表明：（１）在海马内与ＮＯ－ｃＧＭＰ通路有关的ＡＭＰＡ受体由于内源性谷氨酸的存在保持部分脱敏状态．（２）环噻嗪对ＡＭＰＡ受体脱敏的阻断作用可导致内源性ＮＭＤＡ受体的激活．     

Effect of diltiazem on extent of ultimate myocardial injury resulting from temporary coronary artery occlusion in dogs

The calcium antagonist, diltiazem, was evaluated for its ability to reduce the extent of myocardial injury resulting from 90 min of left circumflex (LCX) coronary artery occlusion in anesthetized dogs. Administration of diltiazem (0.75 mg/kg over 10 min, followed by 600 microgram/kg/h for 4 h) was initiated 30 min prior to LCX occlusion. Regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) was measured with radioactive microspheres 30 min after LCX occlusion, and at 45 min and 24 h after reperfusion. At 24 h, after obtaining hemodynamic and RMBF measurements, excised hearts were processed by perfusion staining to determine the percent of left ventricle (LV) perfused by LCX (area at risk) and infarct size, with triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Infarct size, expressed as a percentage of the area at risk, was significantly lower in the diltiazem-treated group compared to the control group (27 +/- 4 vs. 42 +/- 5%, respectively). The area at risk, expressed as a percentage of left ventricular mass, was similar in both groups [41 +/- 2 and 44 +/- 3% (area at risk-LV)]. In addition, the marked elevation of tissue Ca2+ content in noninfarcted and infarcted myocardium within the area at risk (18 +/- 2 and 42 +/- 8 mumol Ca2+/g) in control animals was attenuated by diltiazem (6 +/- 3 and 18 +/- 8 mumol Ca2+/g). Diltiazem did not increase blood flow to ischemic myocardium during LCX occlusion. However, reflow to the inner layers of formerly ischemic myocardium during reperfusion was significantly greater in diltiazem-treated dogs. Both arterial blood pressure and heart rate were significantly lower in the diltiazem -treated group. In addition, mortality (1 vs. 4) and occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias during reperfusion were lower in diltiazem-treated dogs. The data suggest that diltiazem reduces myocardial ischemic injury by lowering myocardial oxygen demands indirectly via favorable hemodynamic alterations, and directly by limiting transmembrane Ca2+ fluxes during ischemia and reperfusion.     

Influence of angiotensin II type 1-receptor antagonist CV11974 on infarct size and adjacent regional function after ischemia-reperfusion in dogs

The presence of nonischemic regional dysfunction at the adjacent region of the ischemic myocardium was demonstrated in clinical studies. Recent studies demonstrated an angiotensin II type 1 (AT1)-receptor antagonist reduced myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. We investigated the role of the adjacent region after reperfusion by studying the effects of AT1-receptor antagonist on myocardial function and infarct size. We investigated 12 open-chest anesthetized dogs undergoing 90 min of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 4 h of reperfusion. Six dogs injected with an AT1-receptor antagonist (CV11974) immediately after reperfusion were compared with 6 control dogs. Percent systolic shortening (%SS) was measured by two sets of the pair sonomicrometer crystals implanted to adjacent and remote nonischemic myocardium. After 4 h of reperfusion, infarct size was measured. There were no significant differences of the %SS at baseline between two regions. In both groups, %SS at adjacent region after reperfusion was significantly decreased as compared with remote region. There were no significant differences between the two groups. Infarct size, as a percentage of the area at risk, was smaller in the AT, group than in control group (25.49+/-7.53% vs 68.58+/-26.88% P<0.01). AT1-receptor antagonist reduces infarct size. This effect is not related to the change of regional myocardial function at adjacent region after reperfusion.     

右美托咪啶对肾脏缺血再灌注损伤大鼠肾组织血红素氧合酶-1表达的影响

目的评价右美托咪啶对肾脏缺血再灌注损伤大鼠肾组织血红素氧合酶-1表达的影响。方法健康Wistar大鼠36只,雌雄不限,体重300~350g,随机分为3组:假手术组(S组)、肾脏缺血再灌注组(IR组)和右美托咪啶组(D组),各12只。采用动脉压夹夹闭双侧肾动脉60min、恢复灌注4h建立大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注模型。D组于夹闭双侧肾动脉前10min尾静脉注射右美托咪啶3μg/kg;IR组于夹闭双侧肾动脉前10min尾静脉注射等容量生理盐水;S组不夹闭双侧肾动脉,分离肾动脉后尾静脉注射等容量生理盐水。术后再灌注4h时处死大鼠取肾组织,采用PCR技术检测血红素氧合酶-1mRNA的表达,Westernblot法测定血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)蛋白水平,光镜下观察肾组织病理学结果。结果与S组比较,IR组和D组肾组织血红素氧合酶-1mRNA和HO-1蛋白的表达上调(P<0.05);与IR组比较,D组肾组织血红素氧合酶-1mRNA和HO-1蛋白的表达上调(P<0.05),肾组织病理学损伤减轻。结论右美托咪啶减轻大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤与其上调肾组织血红素氧合酶-1的表达有关。     

无创性延迟肢体缺血预适应对抗大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的内皮机制

目的:研究无创性延迟肢体缺血预适应(noninvasive delayed limb ischemic preconditioning,NDLIP)对脑缺血再灌注大鼠内皮细胞分泌功能的影响并探讨其作用机制。方法:健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham)、脑缺血再灌损伤(ischemia-reperfusion injury, I/R)组、早期脑缺血预适应(early cerebral ischemic preconditioning,ECIP)组和NDLIP组,建立大鼠脑缺血再灌注模型,实施1 h缺血/24 h再灌注,ECIP组于缺血前左侧颈总动脉行3次5 min缺血/5 min再灌注,NDLIP组于缺血前3 d每天左后肢实施3次5 min缺血/5 min再灌注。TTC染色法测定脑梗死面积,分别在缺血前及再灌注24 h后测定血清内皮素(endothelin, ET-1)、一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO)的含量及组织纤溶酶原激活物(tissue plasminogen activator, t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂(plasminogen activator inhibitor, PAI-1)的活力。结果:缺血前,与I/R组比较,ECIP组和NDLIP组血清NO浓度升高(P<0.05),ET-1/NO比值降低(P<0.05),再灌注后,与I/R组比较,ECIP组和NDLIP组梗死范围显著减小,血清ET-1降低(P<0.01),NO增加(P<0.01),ET-1/NO比值降低(P<0.05),t-PA活力升高(P<0.01),PAI-1活力降低(P<0.01)。结论:NDLIP可能是通过调整内皮细胞分泌收缩与舒张、促凝与抗凝物质的平衡,抵抗脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用,其保护程度与ECIP相当。     

血小板激活因子及其拮抗剂银杏内酯B对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响(英文)

目的　探讨外源性血小板激活因子 (PAF)激活的多核形中性粒细胞 (PMN)是否具有低浓度氧自由基模拟缺血预适应 (IP)对缺血再灌注 (IR)所致心肌损伤的保护作用。方法　结扎冠脉左前降支 30min ,再灌注 3h制备大鼠心脏IR模型。以缺血前给予 2次 5min缺血 ,10min再灌注作为IP。实验分为6组 ,IR组、IR +PAF组和IR +银杏内酯B(GB、PAF拮抗剂 )组 ,分别于缺血前 2 5和 10miniv生理盐水、PAF(3μg·kg- 1)和GB (5mg·kg- 1) ;IP +IR组、IP +IR +PAF组和IP +IR +GB组分别于IP 2次 10min再灌注开始时iv相应药物。观察分析心功能、梗死面积、PMN计数、心肌髓过氧化物酶活性、TUNEL阳性细胞计数等指标。结果　给予PAF明显加重IR引起的心脏损伤、PMN浸润及凋亡的程度 ;GB对IR引起的心功能下降没有明显影响 ,但明显减少梗死面积、PMN浸润及凋亡细胞 ;PAF明显削弱IP的保护作用 ;GB对IP作用未见明显影响。结论　IR后PMN浸润可能是引起心肌细胞凋亡的一个重要原因 ;PAF激活PMN可能不具有模拟IP对IR所致心肌损伤的保护作用 ,反而取消IP的保护作用。     

Effect of allopurinol pretreatment on free radical generation after primary coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction

Allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, was shown to improve the regional ventricular function after coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion in animal models. The effects of oral administration of allopurinol on a transient increase in free radical generation after primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and on their clinical outcomes were examined. Thirty-eight AMI patients undergoing primary PTCA were randomly assigned to control (group 1, n = 20) and allopurinol treatment groups (group 2, n = 18). Allopurinol (400 mg) was administered orally just after the admission (approximately 60 min before reperfusion). Free radical production was assessed by successive measurement of urinary excretion of 8-epi-prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) after PTCA. Urinary 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) excretion was increased by twofold at 60-90 min after PTCA compared with the baseline value in group 1. This increase was completely inhibited in group 2. Plasma allopurinol concentration was 1,146 +/- 55 ng/ml in group 2 when reperfusion was achieved. Slow flow in the recanalized coronary artery after PTCA occurred less frequently in group 2 than in group 1. Cardiac index determined just after reperfusion and left ventricular ejection fraction at 6 months after PTCA were both significantly greater in group 2 than in group 1 although pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was similar in the two groups. In conclusion, allopurinol pretreatment is effective in inhibiting generation of oxygen-derived radicals during reperfusion therapy and the recovery of left ventricular function in humans.     

蝙蝠葛酚性碱抗兔心脑缺血再灌注损伤作用

目的：探讨蝙蝠葛酚性碱抗家兔心脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用及其机制。方法：结扎家兔左冠状动脉前降支及双侧颈总动脉,30min后复灌,制成心脑缺血再灌模型。分别于缺血前10min,缺血2、10、30min,再灌1、10、30、60、120、180、240min时经股动脉取血2mL,再灌240min后立即取出左心室、海马、皮层、小脑。测定血清及各组织中内二醛（MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。结果：与对照组相比,缺血再灌组（I－R）复灌10min后血清MDA含量显著升高,而SOD活性显著降低（P＜0．05）。与I－R组相比,应用RAMd后,血清MDA含量降低,而SOD活性升高（P＜0．05）。各组织中MDA含量与SOD活性变化与血清中相似。结论：蝙蝠葛酚性碱通过减轻脂质过氧化所造成的损伤及提高SOD活性,对心脑缺血再灌注损伤具有一定的保护作用。