淋病奈瑟菌感染检验诊断技术研究进展

细菌培养是检验诊断淋病奈瑟菌（Neisseria gonorhoeae．NG）感染的“金标准”,目前仍为诊断淋病最可靠的方法。但淋病奈瑟菌对外环境抵抗力极弱,对冷、热、干燥和化学消毒剂大都敏感：且临床标本的采集、输送、培养接种方式等都可能影响检验结果的准确性。而分泌物直接涂片革兰染色镜检,仅可根据细菌形态观察确定是否革兰阴性双球菌,     

实时荧光定量PCR法与培养法同时检测淋病奈瑟菌的临床应用

<正>淋病奈瑟菌(Neisseria gonorrhea,NG)(简称淋球菌)是淋病的病原体,人体是其唯一宿主,主要通过性接触传播,引起泌尿生殖道化脓性炎症(尿道炎和宫颈炎)。男性患者一般症状较典型,女性淋球菌感染者常无症状或症状不典型,容易成为潜在的传染源。采用快速、敏感的诊断方法对淋病的诊疗具有重要意义。NG的检测方法有多种,细菌培养法为"金标准",但其费时,对标本的采集、运输及培养基的选     

淋病奈瑟菌基因工程疫苗研究概况

淋病奈瑟菌是性传播疾病淋病的致病菌,为预防和控制淋病奈瑟菌的感染,淋病奈瑟菌的疫苗已经进行了深入的研究。其中淋病奈瑟菌基因工程疫苗越来越受到关注,其能诱导机体产生特异性细胞和体液免疫应答,且是安全性最高的疫苗。本文概述了淋病奈瑟菌PorA、PorB、NspA和Tbp基因相关的基因工程疫苗的研究进展。     

2018-2021年天津地区淋病奈瑟菌耐药情况分析北大核心CSCD

目的 了解天津地区淋病奈瑟菌对抗生素的耐药情况,为治疗淋病提供实验室依据。方法 采用琼脂稀释法,对2018-2021年天津市收集到的308株淋病奈瑟菌临床分离株进行检测,测定其对青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星、头孢曲松、大观霉素、阿奇霉素6种抗生素的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),并判断其耐药性。结果 308株淋病奈瑟菌,其中产青霉素酶的淋病奈瑟菌株(PPNG)占36.69%(113株)、质粒介导的高度耐四环素淋病奈瑟菌株(TRNG)占24.68%(76株)。环丙沙星耐药率高达99.03%(305株),青霉素耐药率81.17%(250株),阿奇霉素耐药率25.97%(80株),四环素耐药率24.68%(76株),未发现对大观霉素和头孢曲松耐药的菌株;发现32株(10.39%)对阿奇霉素耐药同时对头孢曲松中敏的淋病奈瑟菌。全基因测序一株淋病奈瑟菌,发现22个与耐药相关的基因。结论 大观霉素和头孢曲松为主的一线治疗药物,适合天津现阶段淋病的临床治疗,但是仍需要长期监测耐药性变化。     

淋病奈瑟菌常见抗生素耐药机制的研究进展

淋病奈瑟菌是淋病的病原菌。淋病目前在我国性传播疾病中感染率较高,有效的抗生素治疗是防治淋病的主要方法,但淋病奈瑟菌可通过改变作用靶点、改变对细胞膜的通透性、产生抗生素灭活酶以及药物外排机制等方式降低对抗生素的易感性。为了更好地指导临床用药、对淋病进行预防和防治,需要严密监测淋病奈瑟菌的耐药情况。本文针对淋病奈瑟菌常见抗生素的耐药机制进行综述。     

抗淋病奈瑟菌外膜蛋白Ⅰ多克隆抗体的制备及其ELISA双抗夹心法的建立

目的制备抗淋病奈瑟菌外膜蛋白Ⅰ多克隆抗体,建立检测外膜蛋白Ⅰ的双抗夹心法.方法以淋病奈瑟菌及其外膜蛋白Ⅰ作为抗原,分别免疫健康雄性家兔及雌性BALB/C小鼠,制备兔抗淋病奈瑟菌和鼠抗外膜蛋白Ⅰ多克隆抗体,并采用ELISA法检测抗体效价.结果与讨论经ELISA证明兔抗淋病奈瑟菌多抗可与淋病奈瑟菌外膜蛋白Ⅰ呈高效价反应,以此建立的ELISA双抗夹心法检测外膜蛋白Ⅰ可获满意结果.     

淋球菌耐药基因研究进展

耐药性(resistance)是指病原微生物对药物产生的对抗性。耐药性可以分为交叉耐用药性和多重耐药性,分别是指病原微生物对作用机制相同及作用机制不同的多种抗菌药物产生的耐药性。近年来,随着淋病的不断广泛流行和新的抗生素在临床上的广泛使用,淋病的病原体-奈瑟氏淋球菌(Neisseria Gonorrhoeae)的耐药性也不断发生变化,并且有逐年增加的趋势。在WHO对西太平洋地区开展的淋球菌耐药性监测(ASP GonococcalAntimicrobial Surveillance Programme)中发现在西     

curli菌毛致败血症、脓毒症的研究进展

以往普遍的观点认为,埃希菌属、沙门氏菌属等肠杆科菌表面的菌毛功能主要与细菌粘附及侵袭力有关,其本身的组成成份与其致病性无直接关系。但近十余年的研究发现,埃希菌属、沙门氏菌属的一种“curli”菌毛的成分与临床上的脓毒症(sepsis)、败血症(septicemia)、感染性休克(sept     

抗淋病奈瑟菌外膜蛋白I多克隆抗体的制备及其ELISA双抗夹心法的建立

目的 制备抗淋病奈瑟菌外膜蛋白I多克隆抗体,建立检测外膜蛋白I的双抗夹心法。方法 以淋病奈瑟菌及其外膜蛋白I作为抗原,分别免疫健康性家兔及雌性BALB/C小鼠,制备兔抗淋病奈瑟菌和鼠抗外膜蛋白I多克隆抗体,并采用ELISA法检测抗体效价。结果与讨论 经ELISA证明兔抗淋病奈瑟菌多抗可与淋病奈瑟菌外膜蛋白I呈高效价反应,以此建立的ELISA双抗夹心法检测外膜蛋白I可获满意效果。     

淋病奈瑟氏菌的耐药性及耐药质粒的研究现状

淋病是我国目前最常见的性传播疾病之一。随着抗生素的广泛使用,淋病奈瑟氏菌的耐药性也越来越严重。该文就淋病奈瑟氏菌的耐药现状、耐药质粒的研究进展做出综述。显示：淋病奈瑟氏菌的耐药除可由染色体介导外,更主要是由质粒介导;研究较多的质粒携带的耐药基因是TEM-1基因和TetM基因;常用核酸杂交法和聚合酶链反应进行耐药基因的检测。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.