永磁伺服电机转子偏心对电机性能的影响研究

针对永磁伺服电机转子偏心对电机综合性能的影响,以一台14 k W卷烟自动化设备永磁伺服电机为例,建立了电机二维电磁场数学模型,给出了求解域以及相应的边界条件;采用有限元计算方法,计算分析了永磁电机转子偏心对气隙磁场的影响,给出了转子偏心影响气隙内谐波磁场的变化规律,并与部分实测数据进行了对比。在气隙谐波磁场分析的基础上,定量分析了气隙谐波磁场的变化对电机输出转矩和电机转子表面涡流电密的影响,给出了静态偏心、动态偏心以及不同偏心程度情况下电机输出转矩、电机转子涡流损耗的变化规律,并进一步揭示了涡流损耗变化的机理,为深入研究永磁电机偏心对电机性能的影响提供了理论基础。     

基于转子偏心坐标系的无轴承永磁薄片电机径向悬浮力模型

针对无轴承永磁薄片电机(BPMSM)运行时转子悬浮不够稳定的问题,研究了影响BPMSM转子悬浮性能的主要因素,即转子径向悬浮力模型。依据位移补偿控制理论和角坐标系的概念,建立了新的转子偏心坐标系。在转子偏心坐标系下,基于麦克斯韦应力张量法,利用积分和三角变换推导了转子径向悬浮力模型,并设计悬浮力绕组电流直接控制系统。建立电机的有限元模型,通过对比径向悬浮力的有限元分析结果与数学模型计算结果,验证了所推导数学模型的正确性与准确性。     

无轴承异步电机转子偏心补偿的研究

针对无轴承异步电机转子偏,心工作问题,对其转子偏心时的转子受力情况进行了分析,并以此为基础,应用径向力反馈控制来补偿转子偏心的非线性影响。结果表明,径向力反馈控制有效地提高了无轴承异步电机系统的悬浮精度.     

Loss calculation of induction motors considering harmonic electromagnetic field in stator and rotor

A method of loss calculation for induction motors is proposed. The combined 3D–2D time‐stepping finite element analysis is carried out to obtain the copper loss and the time variation of the magnetic field in the motor. The iron loss is calculated approximately considering the time variation of the magnetic field direction and the minor hysteresis loops caused by the time‐harmonic fields using practical computer resources. The proposed method is applied to four types of induction motors, which are the solid rotor induction motors with/without slot and the cage induction motors with/without skew. The measured and the calculated total losses and the iron losses agree well in all cases. The differences of the loss distributions of each motor are also compared and investigated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 147(2): 63–73, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10305     

一种减小无刷直流电机纹波转矩的新方法

从无刷直流电机纹波转矩产生的机理出发,分析了换相纹波转矩产生的原因,提出了在换向期间通过直接控制非换向相电流来减少电磁转矩脉动的控制策略.仿真验证了控制方案的可行性.     

定子开槽表贴式永磁电机转子偏心空载气隙磁场全局解析法

针对表贴式永磁电机定子开槽后的转子偏心空载气隙磁场解析问题,结合正则摄动理论建立其全局解析模型.将解析区域划分为永磁体、气隙和槽区域,通过各子区域之间的边界条件,求解拉普拉斯方程或泊松方程.叠加气隙磁密的零阶分量和一阶分量,得到偏心气隙磁场分布.解析解与有限元解的比较结果表明,气隙磁密、齿槽转矩和不平衡磁拉力计算准确,验证了解析模型的可靠性.所述解析方法计算快速准确,便于分析表贴式永磁电机转子偏心磁场.     

转子偏心对发电机非正规绕组环流损耗的影响

为研究转子静态偏心对汽轮发电机支路不对称绕组环流及环流损耗的影响,以一台2极397 MW汽轮发电机为例,建立了其二维瞬态场有限元求解模型,对电机转子在不同偏心率下的定子绕组各支路环流进行了分析计算,得到了支路环流随时间的变化规律,给出了各支路环流的谐波含量,并在此基础上求取了支路环流损耗;最后将计算结果与支路对称时的情况进行了对比。分析结果表明,转子静态偏心情况下支路不对称绕组的环流损耗随着偏心率的增大而增加,在相同的偏心率下支路不对称绕组的环流损耗大于支路对称绕组的环流损耗,在支路不对称绕组的工程设计中应充分考虑环流损耗所带来的影响。     

A comparison of the wound rotor and nested‐loop rotor brushless doubly fed generator

Both the wound rotor and the nested‐loop rotor can realize the coupling with the power winding (PW) and control winding. And the two types of rotors in a brushless doubly fed generator (BDFG) can realize variable‐speed, constant‐frequency generation. In this paper, the two types BDFG are compared through finite element analysis and experiments. From the finite element simulation results, it can be seen that the air gap flux density harmonic contents, PW line voltage harmonic contents, and the core loss of the nested‐loop rotor BDFG are higher than those of the wound‐rotor BDFG. In the experiments, the efficiency of the wound rotor BDFG is slightly lower than that of the nested‐loop rotor BDFG when the rotor speed is below the natural synchronous speed and is much higher than that of the nested‐loop rotor BDFG when the rotor speed is above the natural synchronous speed. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Magnetic field analysis of a squirrel cage induction motor considering rotor skew and higher harmonics in the secondary current

This paper describes a method to analyze harmonic magnetic fields of squirrel cage induction motors considering rotor skew and higher harmonics in the secondary current. The proposed method is based on a two‐dimensional finite element method. The rotor skew structure is expressed by multiple 2D finite element mesh models, produced in suitable axial positions, and the magnetic field in each mesh model is calculated by the revised secondary current taking into account the skew effect. The secondary currents, magnetic flux densities, and electromotive forces are calculated by the proposed method. Then the differences between a skewed rotor and a nonskewed rotor are discussed. From the comparison between the calculated and the experimental results, the proposed method is shown to be appropriate and useful for quantitative estimation of harmonic components of induction motors. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 129(2): 98–109, 1999     

Sensorless rotor position estimation at standstill of cylindrical brushless dc motors using opened phase voltage change caused by eddy currents

A rotor position estimation of a cylindrical brushless dc motor at standstill has been difficult to obtain. Therefore, torque control of a motor has been difficult at starting of the motor, and realization of the position estimation at standstill has been sought. This paper proposes a simple processing of a rotor for which nonmagnetic materials are pasted on the rotor surface. This processing generates an eddy current on nonmagnetic materials and causes an opened phase voltage change according to rotor position. The experimental results using a microcomputer show that it is possible to estimate rotor position of the cylindrical motor despite a standstill by using the opened phase voltage change. ©�1998 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 126(1): 52–60, 1999     

无刷直流电动机转子退磁故障的检测方法

为了研究无刷直流电动机的转子退故障,基于Ansoft/Maxwell软件平台,设置转子退磁故障,建立求解电机反电动势的有限元模型;基于Ansoft/Simplorer软件平台,建立无刷直流电动机系统的仿真模型.在电机稳态运行下,对定子电流进行傅里叶分析,研究并建立基于定子电流监测转子退磁故障的仿真模型:退磁故障与特征频率的关系、退磁故障程度与特征频率幅值的关系.进一步,采用基于转矩常数估计的方法对无刷直流电机的转子退磁故障进行监测.仿真结果表明,在转速波动较小时采用定子电流分析法的效果更好,在转速波动较大时,采用转矩常数估计法可以在线监测无刷直流电动机转子的退磁故障.     

一种削弱永磁同步电动机齿槽转矩的方法

为了研究实心转子永磁同步电动机的削弱措施,结合永磁电机永磁体极弧系数和永磁体不对称放置的方法,提出了一种仅改变实心转子非磁性槽楔的齿槽转矩削弱方法.通过非磁性槽楔的变化改变一个磁极的极弧宽度,其余磁极宽度不变,同时保持各个非磁性槽楔的宽度相同,通过合理的选择槽楔的形状和宽度,可以非常有效地削弱齿槽转矩.通过解析法研究了采用该方法后实心转子永磁同步电动机齿槽转矩的表达式,得到了永磁体剩磁平方的傅立叶分解表达式.据此得到了磁极的两种极弧宽度和磁极间距大小与齿槽转矩的关系式和磁极极弧宽度的确定方法.该方法仅改变了槽楔的形状,对电机结构影响较小,且合适极弧宽度组合较多,有限元验证表明该方法可有效地削弱齿槽转矩.     

三维气隙偏心对同步发电机转子铁芯温度特性的影响

对同步发电机正常运行、气隙径向偏心、气隙轴向偏心及气隙轴向-径向复合偏心故障前后转子铁芯的损耗和温度的变化进行分析.首先对正常运行以及3种气隙偏心故障下的磁滞损耗和涡流损耗进行了解析,推导得到了各工况对应的损耗表达式;然后建立了CS-5型发电机的三维有限元模型,计算得到了不同工况下转子铁芯的损耗和温度变化数据.研究发现...     

基于MIRPSA的感应电动机转子断条数目诊断判据

在感应电动机转子断条数目诊断方面,电机定子电流信号分析(MCSA)类方法已经建立明确的解析判据,而电机瞬时无功功率信号分析(MIRPSA)类方法缺乏理论支撑。为此,针对转子断条故障推导了感应电动机瞬时无功功率特征分量的幅值与转子断条数目间的数值对应关系,由此建立了具有解析意义的基于MIRPSA的转子断条数目诊断判据。感应电动机转子断条故障仿真与实验证明了所提判据的有效性。     

Air-gap force distribution and vibration pattern of Induction motors under dynamic eccentricity

A method for determining the signatures of dynamic eccentricity in the airgap force distribution and vibration pattern of induction machine is presented. The radial electromagnetic force distribution along the airgap, which is the main source of vibration, is calculated and developed into a double Fourier series in space and time. Finite element simulations of faulty and healthy machines are performed. They show that the electromagnetic force distribution is a sensible parameter to the changes in the machine condition. The computations show the existence of low frequency and low order force distributions, which can be used as identifiable signatures of the motor condition by measuring the corresponding low order vibration components. These findings are supported by vibration measurements and modal testing. The low frequency components offer an alternative way to the monitoring of slot passing frequencies, bringing new components that allow to discriminate between dynamic eccentricity and rotor mechanical unbalance. The method also revealed a non linear relationship between loading, stress waves and vibration during dynamic eccentricity.     

基于定子电流法监测无刷直流电动机转子动态偏心的故障模型仿真研究

基于Ansoft／Maxwell设置动态偏心故障,建立求解电机电感和磁链的有限元模型,通过仿真,证明了将感应电机动态偏心故障的特征频率经过简化后,同样适用于无刷直流电动机。基于Ansoft／Simplorer建立无刷直流电动机系统的仿真模型。在电机稳态运行下,对定子电流进行傅里叶分析,研究并建立基于定子电流监测动态偏心故障的仿真模型：动态偏心故障与特征频率的关系、动态偏心故障程度与特征频率幅值的关系。进而研究了无刷直流电动机稳态运行时转速波动对偏心故障监测的影响。仿真结果表明,转子偏心程度加大,特征频率的幅值增加。     

High torque induction motor with rotating magnets in the rotor

This paper describes a new type high torque induction motor which has the rotating magnets in the rotor. The motor basically consists of a usual stator, cylindrical rotor, and inner cylinder of which the surface is covered by a set of magnets. The rotor turns at somewhat less than synchronous speed. The inner cylinder with magnets can revolve freely against a rotor shaft. The magnets revolve synchronized by the rotating magnetic field induced by the stator current. The magnets make the flux in the rotor. Then we can expect torque increase by the increase of the flux. The results of magnetic field analysis indicate the flux is increased. In the experimental results of a test motor which is a 400 W prototype machine, we have obtained the torque increase by approximately 20 percent as anticipated in the magnetic field analysis. Moreover, test results show improvements of efficiency and power factor in the motor operations. The efficiency of the test motor is obtained as high as 10 percent at the rated output over those of a same size conventional induction motor. Although power factor of conventional induction motors is lagging at all times, the test motor can be operated with near unity, leading or lagging by adjusting the ac supplied source voltage.     

等距笼型转子无刷双馈电机的有限元分析

针对笼型无刷双馈电机的效率较低的问题进行研究,电机效率与转子磁场极数转换效率和转子漏阻抗参数相关,对转子结构进行优化设计是提高电机性能的根本途径。在分析现有笼型转子的特性基础上,提出等距笼型的新转子结构。新转子具有公共端环和独立叠式转子导体回路,每个转子导体回路的节距相等。利用ANSYS软件对不同笼型转子结构的磁场进行有限元分析,计算出转子磁动势谐波含量和转子漏阻抗参数。结果表明,新转子结构无刷双馈电机的转子电阻和漏电抗小,与定子功率绕组和控制绕组极数相对应的转子谐波磁场含量高,其他高次谐波磁场含量低。     

Electromagnetic system of induction torque motors with ball hollow ferromagnetic rotors

The design procedure for three-degree two-phase torque induction motor with hollow ferromagnetic rotor has been suggested. This method allows one to determine the number of poles, basic sizes, and the power consumed by the electric motor according to the prescribed technical conditions for preliminarily chosen values of specific losses.     

一种电动自行车用无位置传感器无刷直流电机转子位置检测方法

本文提出了一种用于电动自行车的无位置传感器无刷直流电机转子位置信号的检测方法.本文所有测量电压的参考电位为电源的负母线.高速下通过比较电机的交流虚拟中点与直流虚拟中点,得到反电势的过零点;低速下将电机的交流虚拟中点电压与负母线电位进行比较,得到反电势的过零点.再将反电势的过零点延迟30°电角度即可获得无刷直流电机绕组换相所需要的转子位置信号.该方法具有扩展速度范围的优点.由于不必对检测信号进行滤波,不但省去了滤波电路,同时消除了滤波电路带来的相移问题.文中对该检测方法的原理进行了详细介绍,并通过实验验证了该方法的有效性.