塔城盆地寒潮天气特征分析

通过分析塔城盆地30个寒潮个例，对出现寒潮天气的实况资料进行客观统计，着重分析形成寒潮天气的500hPa高度、850hPa温度、地面高压的季节特征以及积雪深度和云天状况在形成寒潮天气中的作用，从而确立影响塔城盆地寒潮天气的有关指标。给出了寒潮预报的经验方程，并进行个例试报。     

黑龙江省寒潮天气及预报

根据１９６１￣１９９８年的寒潮资料,分析了寒潮出现的气候概率,并根据冷空气的源地、路径及与寒潮爆发的相关天气形势,将寒潮天气分为５种类型,找出寒潮天气的预报指标并预报寒潮天气。     

广西寒潮天气统计特征及环流形势分析

根据修订后的寒潮标准，对广西近46a的寒潮天气进行统计，并对典型寒潮年进行环流形势分析。结果表明：广西近46a出现了61次寒潮天气过程，其中全区性21次，桂北区域29次，桂南区域22次；广西寒潮最早出现在11月份，最迟出现在3月份，1月是寒潮出现的高峰月；出现寒潮频率的地域分布为东高西低；历年出现寒潮的总站数略呈下降趋势，并具有2年及11年左右的明显周期振荡特征。典型寒潮年环流分析表明当极涡南掉，东亚大槽加深，乌拉尔山脊维持，冬季风的加强及中纬度西风气流是导致冷空气堆积并爆发寒潮的主要环流形势。     

遂宁市2005年“3．11”寒潮天气分析

通过对遂宁市2005年3月11—12日出现的寒潮天气过程进行分析和总结，得到一些指标特征量，利于今后提高类似的寒潮天气过程的预报水平。     

2002年4月三次A型寒潮天气过程的对比分析

本文通过对2002年4月三次寒潮天气过程的分析总结得出：三次寒潮天气过程都是发生在一槽一脊环流形势下，如此强的降温在20天左右的时间间隔内发生是在四川盆地有资料记录以来从未出现过。与从前一槽一脊寒潮预报的着眼点相比较，这三次寒潮天气过程南支槽活动、冷空气路径、冷空气补充、降水等，都有着不同的特点，文中提供了大量的资料，供预报员参考。     

河西走廊东部寒潮时空变化特征及典型个例分析

利用1986—2015年河西走廊东部5个气象站逐日气温、大气环流特征量和2016年5月常规天气图和物理量场，分析了河西走廊东部寒潮时空分布及其与大气环流特征量的关系和2016年5月3次寒潮天气过程天气成因。研究表明：河西走廊东部寒潮频次由北向南减少，中部最少；寒潮频次年际差异较大，总体呈下降趋势；寒潮主要出现在1—5月和10—12月，频次站次4月最多，6月最少，春季寒潮频次最多；寒潮最早出现在9月1日（永昌）、最晚出现在6月7日（乌鞘岭）。月寒潮频次与月亚洲、北半球的极涡面积和强度、北极涛动、亚洲经向环流和冷空气指数呈显著正相关，与北半球极涡中心纬向位置和强度、东亚大槽强度、西藏高原1和2指数呈负显著相关，前一月亚洲、北半球极涡面积和强度、北半球极涡中心强度、北极涛动指数对月寒潮预报预测具有良好的指示意义。使用多元回归建立寒潮月频次预报方程，通过了=0.1显著性水平检验。2016年5月3次寒潮天气均与极涡中心偏强有关，前期升温明显、高空强盛冷平流强盛、地面冷高压强烈是造成三次寒潮天气的主要原因，500 hPa横槽转向南压造成的降温幅度比小槽东移更大、影响范围更广。     

武威市寒潮天气气候分析及预报

利用武威市5站(民勤、凉州区、永昌、古浪、乌鞘岭)近50a寒潮天气资料,分析了寒潮天气的气候特征及其出现的天气环流背景,运用天气学方法建立该市分月寒潮天气的预报工具．在“武威市灾害天气预警服务系统”中发挥了良好的预报作用,适用于河西走廊中东部的寒潮天气预报。具有很好的推广应用价值。     

气象上寒潮天气两种不同统计方法的探讨

文章使用多伦县2001—2010年寒潮天气统计资料,分析了当地寒潮变化特征,通过对寒潮统计两种不同方法从降温特征、大气环流特征及地表覆盖几个方面进行分析,得出如下结论:按日最低气温降温幅度统计寒潮天气出现次数明显多于按日平均气温降温幅度统计寒潮天气出现的次数,尤其在初冬和冬末季节日最低气温变化比日平均气温变化幅度更加剧烈。     

“96.2.18”寒潮天气分析

1996年2月18日，肇庆市受强大寒潮天气影响，气温急剧下降，出现严重的低温冻害天气过程，此时正值春节前后（在年初一至初三），根据高要站资料记录，是建站43年来气温最低的一个春节，并创近ZO年来2月份的最低气温记录。现就这次寒潮天气过程作一分析。1寒潮天气过程概况1．1影响过程中地面气象要素变化情况这次寒潮的冷前锋于2月17日下午自北向南影响我市，锋面过境时伴有6级偏北阵风。18日气温大幅度下降，全市48小时平均气温降幅达15．2～18．7t，最低气温出现在20～21日（其中ZO日封开县最低气温1．4“C，怀集县、广宁县1．8“C，…     

青海省寒潮天气的气候特征、分型及其预报

统计1980－2000年（10－5月）共21年的冬半年青海省寒潮资料，应用天气学、动力学和统计学相结合的方法，对青海省寒潮天气的环流形势、冷空气活动路径和气候背景等方面进行了分析，建立寒潮天气档案，总结出预报青海省寒潮天气的天气和天气学和动力学的预报指标，采用最优子集回归方法建立客观、定量的寒潮预报方法。     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题

自地球形成至寒武纪将近40亿年（距今46亿～5.4亿年,通常称为前寒武纪）的气候演变是一个具有特殊难度和挑战性的研究领域,同时也是基础和前沿的研究领域。文章选择了前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题进行综述：大气演化、两次全球性的冰川期以及暗弱太阳问题。关于大气演化,本文首先描述了大气成分的演化历史,然后简述了影响大气成分演化的三个基本过程：大气逃逸、两次大气氧含量突然增加、碳酸盐-硅酸盐循环及其对气候系统的负反馈作用。两次全球性的冰川期分别发生在古元古代（距今24亿～21亿年）和新元古代（距今8亿～5.8亿年）,文章简述了其成因以及相关的气候模拟结果。暗弱太阳问题是地球历史气候演化的一个经典问题,论文简要地综述了一些最新的研究成果和观点。     

淮河流域水文极值预测模型研究

为探索气候变化影响下水文极值的非平稳性和预测方法,建立了水文极值非平稳广义极值（GEV）分布的统计预测模型。利用1952-2010年淮河上游流域累计面雨量和流量年最大值资料、同期500 hPa环流特征量资料以及17个CMIP5模式对环流特征量的模拟结果,筛选出对水文极值影响显著的年平均北半球极涡强度指数作为GEV分布参数的预测因子。分析了在RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下2006-2050年淮河上游流域水文极值对气候变化的响应。结果表明,10年以下与10年以上重现期的水文极值在非平稳过程中呈现前者下降而后者上升的相反变化趋势;多模型预测的集合平均在未来情景中均呈现上升趋势,情景排放量越大增幅越大,重现期越长增幅也越大。与极值的常态相比,极值的极端态更易受气候变化影响。     

The impact of AIRS atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles on hurricane forecasts: Ike (2008) and Irene (2011)

Atmospheric Infra Red Sounder(AIRS) measurements are a valuable supplement to current observational data, especially over the oceans where conventional data are sparse. In this study, two types of AIRS-retrieved temperature and moisture profiles, the AIRS Science Team product(Sci Sup) and the single field-of-view(SFOV) research product, were evaluated with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) analysis data over the Atlantic Ocean during Hurricane Ike(2008) and Hurricane Irene(2011). The evaluation results showed that both types of AIRS profiles agreed well with the ECMWF analysis, especially between 200 h Pa and 700 h Pa. The average standard deviation of both temperature profiles was approximately 1 K under 200 h Pa, where the mean AIRS temperature profile from the AIRS Sci Sup retrievals was slightly colder than that from the AIRS SFOV retrievals. The mean Sci Sup moisture profile was slightly drier than that from the SFOV in the mid troposphere. A series of data assimilation and forecast experiments was then conducted with the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model and its three-dimensional variational(3DVAR) data assimilation system for hurricanes Ike and Irene. The results showed an improvement in the hurricane track due to the assimilation of AIRS clear-sky temperature profiles in the hurricane environment. In terms of total precipitable water and rainfall forecasts, the hurricane moisture environment was found to be affected by the AIRS sounding assimilation.Meanwhile, improving hurricane intensity forecasts through assimilating AIRS profiles remains a challenge for further study.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.