云桌面终端电源端传导骚扰和辐射骚扰整改案例

某云桌面终端在进行中国强制性认证(CCC)时,电磁兼容试验项目电源端传导骚扰、辐射骚扰测试均出现超标现象。将重点从PCB板级电路EMC设计方面剖析其测试不合格原因,并给出相应的整改措施,最后对此案例进行总结,给出类似电子产品在PCB设计时的注意事项,以期能给PCB设计工程师提供一些参考意见。     

非电气部件导致电磁辐射超标案例分析

通过对非电气部件导致整车GB/T 18387-2017低频电磁场辐射发射超标典型案例的分析,本文系统的介绍了测试数据分析、骚扰源定位、问题整改及验证的全过程,给出了干扰源类型、信号类型判断的辨析办法。通过整改案例分析,提出了辐射发射超标的问题排查及解决的基本思路。     

某社保(终端/便民/访客)服务器终端EMC整改案例分析

介绍了某社保(终端/便民/访客)服务器终端在电子产品电磁兼容认证中经常遇见的辐射骚扰和传导骚扰测试项目,重点从PCB板级电路EMC设计方面进行测试不合格原因分析,并给出整改对策。并由此案例引出电子产品电磁兼容设计时的注意事项,以图能给电子产品设计工程师提供参考,使其能以较高概率一次性通过EMC认证。     

30MHz-1000MHz显示器辐射骚扰测试及其不确定度评定

本文以显示器辐射骚扰测试为例对10米半电波暗室的辐射骚扰试验进行不确定度评定。并与相应标准进行比较，确认该辐射测试系统的测量结果是可信的。     

电动汽车电机驱动系统磁场发射抑制

本文从某电动汽车GB/T18387-2017测试磁场发射超标问题出发,基于近场排查结果确定了骚扰源所在系统。并通过对电机驱动系统的电磁干扰机理分析确定了失效产生真因,从整车角度对磁场发射超标问题提出了有效的解决方案。     

电磁干扰信号频谱分析

在电磁兼容测试过程中,针对某些产品仅因印制板上某些脉冲信号引起辐射骚扰超标导致产品认证失败的问题,首先介绍了与傅里叶变换有关的3个不等式及证明过程,利用这些不等式对不规则脉冲信号的频谱包络进行了详细推导,并用一个具体的不规则脉冲信号进行了频谱包络验证。结果表明:工程上对一些不用精确求取不规则脉冲信号频谱的应用时,利用以上3个不等式即可大大简化频谱包络求取过程,掌握这些脉冲信号的频谱包络特征,对于优化印制板布局、布线具有十分重要的工程指导意义。     

全电波暗室30 MHz～1 GHz辐射杂散骚扰测量不确定度评定

本文通过建立模型、分析影响因素、量化影响因素及不确定度计算等对全电波暗室30MHz～1GHz的辐射杂散骚扰测试项目进行了简要的不确定度评定,为电磁兼容实验室有效评定辐射杂散骚扰不确定度提供参考。     

电能表电磁兼容辐射干扰问题探讨

本文首先概述了我国的电能表市场,进而引出电磁兼容(EMC)的问题;通过针对两个典型电磁兼容辐射骚扰问题提出了详细的分析和解决方案。     

牙科综合治疗机有刷电机辐射发射整改分析

牙科综合治疗机是口腔医学的主要诊疗设备之一,是牙科医生和患者在诊断、治疗、手术等过程中的必备医疗器械。根据现行的法规要求,牙科综合治疗机必须通过YY 0505-2012标准的电磁兼容试验,但在这些试验项目中,针对牙科综合治疗机设备,辐射发射试验项目极易出现不合格试验,其主要原因是牙科综合治疗机中有刷电机在工作时产生严重的电磁骚扰,导致辐射发射超过标准规定的限制要求,该文通过分析牙科综合治疗机中有刷电机的工作原理,并研究牙科综合治疗机辐射骚扰产生的根源,使用了LC滤波电路抑制牙科综合治疗机中有刷电机辐射骚扰源,达到了理想的预期效果,并结合实例整改分析,为牙科综合治疗机的电磁兼容辐射发射试验整改提供参考依据。     

环境中氡辐射水平及控制措施分析

近年来,随着社会经济的发展,居民生活不断提高,对居室进行美化装修既成一种时尚。然而由安装（选用劣质材料）而引发的居室辐射水平超标,特别是氡辐射超标问题,已越来越受到人们的关注。为使人们对辐射环境有一基本认识和了解,作者根据多年从事辐射环境监测的经验,对环境空气中氡的性质、来源、辐射水平、危害及室内氡浓度控制措施作一简单分析介绍。     

Comparison of the daily global solar radiation from different data sources in Northwest China climate

The solar radiation data are of high importance to the solar energy systems. Conventional methods to obtain the solar radiation data are from weather stations, solar radiation models, commercial software databases, and field measurements. In the present study, a new daily global solar radiation model is proposed, by combining the quadratic function of sunshine fraction and sine function of the day of the year. The solar radiation model calculated data are then compared with China Meteorological Data Sharing System (CMDSS) data, TRNSYS data, and field-measured data in Northwest China climate. It is found that the newly proposed solar radiation model has better performance than the other nine solar radiation models in the literature. The solar radiation model calculated data fit well with the CMDSS annually average data. The TRNSYS data are a bit larger than the CMDSS annually average data in summer half year and a little smaller than those in winter half year. The solar radiation model and the CMDSS annually average data have the best correlation, whereas the TRNSYS data and the field-measured data have the worst correlation. The solar radiation model calculated data have the best correlation with the other three data sources.     

成都冬季典型辐射逆温过程分析

本文利用测温声雷达的探测结果，借助同期探空和地面观测资料，分析了成都平原典型辐射逆温的生消演变规律，指出了其主要特征。这些结果对气候资源利用、污染气象条件的研究等具有重要意义。     

SNOW AND ICE ALBEDO MEASURED WITH TWO TYPES OF PYRANOMETERS1

ABSTRACT: In order to obtain total short-wave albedos of snow and ice, both incident and reflected solar radiation were measured over a frozen lake surface using two different types of radiation measurement devices: a Kipp and Zonen thermopile pyranometer with a spectral sensitivity of 300 to 2800 nm and a LI-COR photovoltaic pyranometer with a spectral sensitivity of 400 to 1100 am. The spectral response of the LI-COR pyranometers limits its use as a short-wave radiation measurement device. Therefore, two equations were developed to adjust both the daily incident radiation data and the daily reflected radiation data measured by the LI-COR instrument to total short-wave radiation values, i.e., to the waveband of 300 to 2800 nm (visible to near-infrared spectrum). The LI-COR data were then adjusted, and a total short-wave adjusted albedo was calculated with a modeling efficiency of 0.97.     

有机涂层户外失效分析及对策

我国气候类型复杂,有机涂层在一些典型气候条件下经过一段时间的户外暴露后都会出现粉化、颜色变化、剥落、沾污等明显变化.综合起来分析,当地太阳辐射强度、辐射量、温湿度等是有机涂层失效的主要因素;同时空气中的污染物、沙尘等也加速了有机涂层失效.因此研制新型户外涂料时要确保有机涂层既能起防护作用,又能起装饰作用,以增强有机涂层...     

BSE in the UK: Why the Risk Communication Strategy Failed

The 2000 BSE Inquiry report points out that the most serious failure of the UK Government was one of risk communication. This paper argues that the government's failure to communicate the risks BSE posed to humans to a large degree can be traced back to a lack of transparency in the first risk assessment by the Southwood Working Party. This lack of transparency ensured that the working party's risk characterization and recommendations were ambiguous and thus hard to interpret. It also meant that uncertainties were not addressed in a satisfactory way. In the recommendations, the attitude to uncertainty was implicit rather than explicit.The risk communication based on the report amplified these flaws. Most importantly, it did not address the uncertainty at all. Apparently, the reason for this was fear of overreaction by the public. However, the result was counter-productive, because the risk communication did not then appear trustworthy. Later risk assessments and risk communication omitted to correct these flaws. Indeed, the fact that, following receipt of new information, advisory experts and policy makers had changed their views of the risk to humans was never clearly communicated to the public. There seemed to be little faith in the public's ability to reach a balanced judgment regarding the uncertainties.In the concluding section of the paper, this analysis is compared with the food standards agency's (FSA's) approach to BSE. The intervention of this agency was seen as one of the more important efforts to restore consumer confidence in British beef. And the agency certainly appears to be committed to openness and to addressing scientific uncertainty. However, using the risk of BSE in sheep as a case study, the paper shows that transparency – i.e., the clear presentation of factual and normative claims and assumptions underlying advice, and openness about the reasoning based on these claims and assumptions – is less than fully achieved in the FSA's work.     

The Importance of the Chosen Technique to Estimate Diffuse Solar Radiation by Means of Regression

The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) is one of the widely used methods which is used for estimating the diffuse solar radiation. However, in order to use the OLS method in the estimation, the dataset must provide certain assumptions. In this study, alternative robust methods have been described and they were compared with the OLS method, which is used for estimating diffuse radiation frequently in an application. At the end of the analysis, the R² value obtained by the OLS method is less than the values obtained by M regression models. In other words, the explanation of the dependent value is weak when the OLS method is used. Finally, it can be said that the most appropriate method is Andrews for estimating the diffuse solar radiation.     

氧化法处理水中酚的研究方法综述

目前氧化法处理含酚废水的方法有化学氧化法即臭氧氧化法、Fenton试剂氧化法等，酶催化氧化法以及光化学氧化法即光敏化氧化、光催化氧化法等；分析了它们的优势及存在的问题；并提出了今后的研究方向，即臭氧-生物活性炭、臭氧辐射、臭氧-H2O2技术，水溶性酶制剂连接到固体载体上制成固化酶，H2O2－BAC、O3－H2O2－BAC联用技术等。     

Available solar energy for flat-plate solar collectors mounted on a fixed or tracking structure

The solar energy received by a flat plate collector is calculated for various tracking modes: fixed, inclination depending on the season or the month; variable inclination with fixed azimuth, variable azimuth with fixed inclination and double tracking. At first, we take into account only the sun position and then, we use validated radiation models for estimating the ground solar radiation. Using a tracker is questionable particularly if the additional costs are taken into account. A good solution to increase the available solar energy is to change seasonally the inclination, that is, 4 times per year.     

四川省地表面热量平衡各分量的计算和时空分布特征

研究太阳辐射、地表面辐射平衡与热量平衡对深入研究气候形成、地表能量转换、生态系统结构特性以及资源开发保护与国土整治等均具有重要意义。本文根据四川省内近200个台站30年整编的气候资料,并结合自然地理景观选用多种计算公式进行对比,然后采用统一的方法对全省热量平衡各分量逐月进行了计算和分析其时空分布特征。     

Ultrasound effects on the activity of Aspergillus niger lipases in their application in dairy wastewater treatment

We evaluated the effect of ultrasound radiation on lipase activity. The experiments were conducted using a low‐cost crude enzyme extract. We then used this lipase to treat dairy effluent. The results of our study presented an increase of approximately 430% in the concentration of free fatty acids.