海拉尔盆地海参1井伊敏组孢粉组合的地层意义

海参1井伊敏组孢粉化石异常丰富,自下而上可以划分出3个孢粉组合:Impardecispora-Cyathidites-Clavatipollenites组合,Stereisporites-Deltoidospora-Asteropollis组合,Appendicisporites-Asteropollis-Tricolpites组合,分别分布于伊敏组一段、二段和三段,组合特征明显,是海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷划分伊敏组与大磨拐河组的重要生物依据之一,更是伊敏组内三段划分和井间对比的生物依据之一。3个孢粉组合中见有属种繁多的海金沙科孢子及其他繁盛于早白垩世中晚期的孢子花粉,结合在绝大多数样品中发现的早期被子植物花粉的情况分析,推测含这3个孢粉组合的伊敏组地质时代为早白垩世巴列姆期—早阿尔必期(Barremian—Early Albian)。     

海拉尔盆地查干诺尔凹陷扎赉诺尔群孢粉组合

内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔盟地区海拉尔盆地查干诺尔凹陷扎赉诺尔群自下而上划分为4个孢粉组合。云杉粉Piceaepollenites sp.-单束松粉Abietineaepollenites sp.-三角粒面孢Granulatisporites sp.组合,分布于大磨拐河组一段;罗汉松粉Podocarpidites sp.-双束松粉Pinuspollenites sp.-无突肋纹孢Cicatricosisporites sp.组合,分布于大磨拐河组二段;无突肋纹孢Cicatricosisporites sp.-刺毛孢Pilosisporite sp.-水龙骨单缝孢Polypodiaceaesporites sp.组合,分布于伊敏组一段;有突肋纹孢Appendicisporites sp.-桫椤孢Cyathidites sp.-星粉Astropollis sp.组合,分布于伊敏组二、三段。上述孢粉组合研究证明,大磨拐河组地质时代为早白垩世凡兰吟期—欧特里夫期(Valanginian-Hauterivian),尽管没有出现最原始的被子植物花粉,但也不排除部分进入巴列姆期(Barremian)的可能,伊敏组的地质时代为早白垩世巴列姆期-阿普第期(Barremian-Aptian)。据此认为扎赉诺尔群地质时代为早白垩世凡兰吟期—阿普第期(Valanginian-Aptian)。     

内蒙古海拉尔盆地大磨拐河组孢粉化石及其时代浅析

海拉尔盆地大磨拐河组所产孢粉化石分属于3个孢粉组合.下部孢粉组合以蕨类植物海金沙科孢子为主,重要分子有Cicatricosisporites australiensis, Cyathidites minor, C. gracilis, C. minutaestriatus, Appendicisporites problematicus, A.jonsonii,Pilosisporites verus, Impardecispora apiverrucata, I. purverulenta, Triporoletes reticulates, Aequitriradites echinatus等;中部孢粉组合则以两气囊花粉如Pinuspollenites, Piceaepollenites, Abietineaepollenites, Abiespollenites等占绝大多数,同时见少量被子植物花粉Asteropollis sp., Tricolpites sp.等;上部孢粉组合中裸子植物花粉略有减少,但仍占重要地位,重要分子有Cicatricosisporites australiensis, C. minutaestriatus,C. gushanensis, Impardecispora purverulenta ,Foraminisporites wonthagiensis, Aequitriradites verrucosus, Triporoletes singularis, T. reticulates, Polyporites? sp.等.上述孢粉组合大体可与松辽盆地登娄库组,黑龙江省东部城子河组、穆棱组,辽西地区沙海组、阜新组等对比,代表了中国北方早白垩世特有的植物群面貌,而其中Asteropollis, Tricolpites和Polyporites等被子植物花粉化石的发现,可能暗示大磨拐河组的时代为早白垩世中、晚期的巴列姆(Barremian)期-阿普第(Aptian)期,其上部可能上延至早阿尔必(Albian)期.     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部志丹群环河—华池组的孢粉组合及其时代

本文论述了鄂尔多斯盆地南部,陕西吴旗与甘肃太白之间志丹群环河-华池组下-中段的孢子花粉,计有61个属,110余种.根据孢粉组合特征及与国内外已知资料对比、分析,指出环河-华池组下-中段的时代应归早白垩世早期.本材料不但填补了该地区早白垩世孢粉研究的空白,而且对志丹群的进一步划分对比提供了生物证据,同时也丰富了我国白垩纪的孢粉资料.     

松辽盆地北部昌五地区沙河子组孢粉组合

无论孢粉类型还是孢粉数量，昌五地区沙河子组发现的孢粉化石均可称得上是松辽盆地北部同层位中最丰富的。研究区沙河子组自下而上可以划分出两个孢粉组合：克拉梭粉(Classopollis)-拟云杉粉(Piceites)组合和三角瘤面孢(Lophotriletes)-无突肋纹孢(Cicatricosisporites)组合。其组合特征明显，可以作为研究区内地层划分对比的生物地层学依据之一。孢粉组合研究结果表明，沙河子组的地质时代应为早白垩世凡兰吟期-欧特里夫期(Valanginian-Hauterivian)。尽管没有出现最原始的被子植物花粉，但也不排除部分进入巴列姆期(Barremian)的可能。     

内蒙古平庄地区孙家湾组岩性及孢粉组合特征

平庄地区孙家湾组为砾岩和砂岩互层产出的一套陆缘碎屑岩组合.根据岩性组合特征将孙家湾组划分为两个岩性段：二段为凝灰质粉砂岩、砂岩、砾岩和含砾粗砂岩组合,一段为复成分砾岩局部夹有紫红色杂砂岩.孙家湾组含有较丰富的孢粉化石,由蕨类植物孢子和裸子植物花粉组成,未见被子植物花粉,孢粉组合的时代为早白垩世阿普第期-阿尔必期（Aptian-Albian）.据此推断平庄地区孙家湾组时代为早白垩世晚期.     

锡林浩特地区白垩系大磨拐河组的发现及其地质意义

内蒙古锡林浩特市西南覆盖区经横向及垂向调查,发现了一套以砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、泥岩和页岩为主,并夹有煤层的地层,通过岩性组合对比,将其岩石地层单位厘定为大磨拐河组;并在该组二段发现了大量的孢粉化石,其组合面貌特征与我国北方早白垩世早期的分子面貌特征十分接近,其时代应为早白垩世Berriasian-Valanginian期;在该组二段还发现了叶肢介和狼鳍鱼化石,表现出了明显的早白垩世中期的特色,其时代应为早白垩世Barremian期。通过孢粉、叶肢介、鱼化石生物地层确定大磨拐河组的时间跨度为早白垩世Berriasian-Barremian期。     

内蒙古海拉尔盆地伊敏组孢粉组合

海拉尔盆地伊敏组自下而上可以划分出三个孢粉组合：Impardecispora-Aequitritadites-Clavatipollenites组合，Triporoletes-Pilosisporites-Asteropollis组合，Appendicisporites-Asteropollis-Tricolpites组合。分别分布于伊敏组一段、二段和三段。其组合特征明显，是研究区内划分伊敏组与大磨拐河组的重要生物组合依据之一，     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部华亭—陇县地区志丹群的孢粉

本文记述了鄂尔多斯盆地西南部志丹群的孢子和花粉。根据孢粉组合特征划分出两个孢粉组合,其中一个组合产自环河-华池组上段,另一个组合产自泾川组,经与已知资料分析对比,前者时代确定为早白垩世早明,后者时代为早白垩世早中期。探讨了两个孢粉组合所反映的古气候环境,指出沉积区在环河-华池组上段沉积时为亚热带偏湿的气候,并在某种程度上受干旱气候的控制,泾川组沉积时为热带、亚热带偏干旱气候。对孢粉植物群分区问题做了论述,说明研究区志丹群的孢粉植物群应归于G. F. Herngreen和A. F. Chlonova(1981)划分的北极-欧州亚省(Borea-Europcan)。文中描述了五个新种:Divisisporites palmalus sp. nov., Biretisporites minor sp.nov., Camarozonosporites scabratus sp. nov., Piceaepollenities minulus sp. nov. 和 Inaperturopollenitesplicatus sp. nov.。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部华亭—陇县地区志丹群...

本文记述了鄂尔多斯盆地西南部志丹群的孢子和花粉。根据孢粉组合特征划分出两个孢粉组合,其中一个组合产自环河-华池组上段,另一个组合产自泾川组,经与已知资料分析对比,前者时代确定为早白垩世早期,后者时代为早白垩世早中期。探讨了两个孢粉组合所反映的古气候环境,指出沉积区在环河-华池组上段沉积时为亚热带偏湿的气候,并在某种程度上受干旱气候的控制,泾川组沉积时为热带、亚热带偏干旱气候。对孢粉植物群分区问题做了论述,说明研究区志丹群的孢粉植物群应归于G.F.Herngreen和A.F.Chlonova(1981)划分的北极-欧州亚省(Boreal-European)。文中描述了五个新种:Divisisporites palmatus sp.nov.,Biretisporites minor sp.nov.,Camarozonosporites scabratus sp.nov.,Piceaepollenites minutus sp.nov.和Ina-perturopollenites plicatus sp.nov.。     

A Spore-Pollen Assemblage from the Damoguaihe Formation in the Tamutsag Basin,Mongolia and Its Geological Implication

Based on the palynological data from Well Ta-19-36 and Well Ta-19-37 in the Ta'nan Sag, and Well Ta-22-1 and Well Ta-21-1 in the Bayin Gobi Sag, a spore-pollen assemblage from the Damoguaihe Formation is named as Cicatricosisporites minutaestriatus- Aequitriradites spinulosus-Protopinus sp. assemblage in the Tamutsag Basin, Mongolia. The assemblage is characterized by abundant gymnosperm pollen and diverse fern spores, counted 46.35%–65.57% and 34.43%–52.58% in percentage respectively. Among the gymnosperm pollen, Pinuspollenites sp.(2.66%–16.94%), Protopinus sp.(0–11.38%) and Protopicea sp.(0–10.81%) are dominant; and Alisporites sp., Cerebropollenites sp., Podocarpidites sp., and Abietineaepollenites sp. are common. Some important elements, such as Chasmatosporites sp., Callialasporites prominulus, Parvisaccites sp., Parcisporites sp., Jiaohepollis cf. annulatus, J. bellus, J. verus, Polycingulatisporites sp., Schizaeoisporites certus, Classopollis annulatus are seen. Within the fern spores, Osmundacidites wellamanii(0.85%–4.93%), Appendicisporites sp.(0–4.45%), Baculatisporites comaumensis(0.80%–2.87%), Cicatricosisporites sp.(0.51%–2.66%), C. minor(0–2.14%), Foraminisporis asymmetricus(0–2.40%), Aequitriradites sp.(0– 2.19%) and Cyathidites minor(0–2.13%) are dominant; and some specie of Densoisporites, Cooksonites, Impardecispora, Pilosisporites, Schizaeosprites, Fixisporites, Leptolepidites, Trilobosporites, Kuylisporites, Klukisporites, Hsuisporites, Couperisporites, Maculatisporites are seen. The angiosperm pollen are rare in the assemblage, characterized by Clavatipollenites sp.(0–0.80%) and Songipollis sp.(0–0.27%). The geological age of the Damoguaihe Formation is assigned to Hauterivian – Barremian of Early Cretaceous according to the palynological data, due to the fact that there existed a lot of diverse spores of the family Schizaeaceae and prosperous gymnosperm saccat pollen which the corpus and sacci are differentiated completely, and the presence of early angiosperm pollen of Clavatipollenites. However, the zircon U-Pb isotopic dating of the volcanic rocks in the Nantun Formation indicated that the overlying strata of the Nantun Formation, i.e. the Damoguaihe Formation must be younger than 127.0±2.0–137.9±1.5 Ma. This is consistent with the palynological data. Furthermore, the vegetation reconstructed on the palynological data of the Damoguaihe Formation is conifer forest with shrubs and grassland, belonging to the semi-humid or humid middle to south subtropical climate. Moreover, three new species, namely Biretisporites punctatus sp. nov., Chasmatosporites reticulates sp. nov. and Concentrisporites contractus sp. nov. are described here.     

广西桂林地区晚三叠世孢粉组合及其地层意义

广西桂林地区首次发现晚三叠世孢粉化石２７属３７种,可称为Ｄｉｃｔｙｏｐｈｙｌｉｄｉｔｅｓ－Ｃａｎａｌｉ－ｚｏｎｏｓｐｏｒａ－Ｏｖａｌｉｐｏｌｉｓ－Ｒｉｃｃｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ组合,其中的主要属种在国内外均为晚三叠世的重要分子,并可与我国华南地区和欧洲有关晚三叠世孢粉组合进行对比。因此,当前组合的地质时代属于晚三叠世,这填补了桂林地区中生代地质发展史中的一个空白。     

Climate characteristics of the eastern Mongolian Plateau,China during the early Early Cretaceous (145–132 Ma): Palynological evidence from the Tongbomiao Formation in Well Hong-6, Hailar Basin

This study identified two palynological assemblages, namely Bayanhuasporites-Cycadopites-Protoconiferus and Cicatricosisporites-Cedripites-Perinopollenites, in the Tongbomiao Formation in the Hongqi Sag in the Hailar Basin, Inner Mongolia, China for the first time. The former is distributed in the lower part of the Tongbomiao Formation and is characterized by abundant gymnosperm pollen and diverse fern spores. Among them, the gymnosperm pollen is dominated by Paleoconifer (4.98%–31.62%) and Cycadopite (8.55%–25.23%) pollen grains and also includes other pollen grains such as Classopollis, Parcisporites, Erlianpollis, Callialasporites, and Jiaohepollis. The fern spores in the former palynological assemblage contain Bayanhuasporite (0–8.96%), Granulatisporites (0.93%–6.97%), and some important Cretaceous genera, such as Cicatricosisporites, Concavissimisporites, Densoisporites, Hsuisporites, Foraminisporis, and Leptolepidites. The Cicatricosisporites-Cedripites-Perinopollenites palynological assemblage is distributed in the upper part of the Tongbomiao Formation. Gymnosperm (77.30%), Pinaceae (31.9%), and Paleoconiferus (19.02%) pollen predominate this palynological assemblage, and Quadraeculina, Erlianpollis, and Jiaohepollis pollen are also common in this assemblage. The fern spores in this palynological assemblage include abundant Cicatricosisporites (4.29%). Besides, Concavissimisporites, Aequitriradites, and Leptolepidites are also common in this palynological assemblage. No angiosperm pollen has been found in both palynological assemblages. The identification of both palynological assemblages provides important evidence for the biostratigraphic correlation between the Hailar Basin and its adjacent areas. It also enables the reconstructions of the Berriasian-Valanginian (Early Cretaceous) vegetation and the paleoclimate on the eastern Mongolian Plateau during 141–132 Ma. The vegetation reconstructed on the palynological data of the represented by Hailar Basin in eastern Mongolian Plateau (141.6–141.4 Ma), form conifer forest or conifer broad-leaved mixed forest to conifer forest with shrubs and grassland, the climate belongs to warm temperate and warm-subtropicalt, the highest temperature is estimated to reach 35–38°C. Form 132.3 Ma, the vegetation type is conifer forest, and its paleoclimate is sub-humid warm temperate, the highest temperature is estimated to reach 24–29°C.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.     

广西宁明盆地第三纪孢粉植物群及其地层意义

对宁明县城西北南宁至凭祥公路旁第三纪邕宁群露头剖面进行孢粉研究 ,所揭示的孢粉组合中 ,被子植物花粉以壳斗科、桦木科、金缕梅科、榆科和胡桃科为主 ,并零星分布草本植物花粉 ,包括蓼科的蓼粉属、毛茛科的毛茛粉属和菊科的刺面三孔沟粉属等分子 ;裸子植物花粉以松科为主 ,杉科其次 ,松科主要是双束松粉属和单束松粉属 ,雪松粉属连续分布 ,云杉粉属在剖面的中下部连续出现、上部消失 ,铁杉粉属和油杉粉属少量断续分布 ,还见有罗汉松科罗汉松粉属的连续少量分布 ,以及个别的麻黄科麻黄粉属分子 ;蕨类植物孢子零星。对区内地层与孢粉资料作综合对比 ,认为本孢粉组合所指示的地层时代为渐新世。因宁明盆地邕宁群底部以往的孢粉资料反映晚始新世特征 ,推测该盆地第三纪地层的时代至少为晚始新世—渐新世。     

黑龙江三江盆地晚白垩世海浪组孢粉组合

依据东基三井1 226. 0～1 538. 0 m井段的孢粉鉴定结果,结合前人资料,首次将该井段孢粉组合命名为Cyathidites-Taxodiaceaepolleni-Aquilapollenites组合。其组合特征为:裸子植物花粉占48. 10%～78. 58%,蕨类孢子占2. 44%～34. 18%,被子植物花粉占0%～28. 26%;蕨类孢子中Cyathidites百分含量最高(0. 79%～37. 50%),其次是Cicatricosisporites (0%～12. 50%)和Leiotriletes (0%～10. 00%),重要分子有Appendicisporites、Schizaeoisporites、Lygodiumsporites和Lygodioisporites;裸子植物花粉中Inaperturopllenites的百分含量最高(11. 29%～38. 83%),其次是Taxodiaceaepollenites (12. 66%～28. 57%),重要分子有Tsugaepollenites、Parcisporites、Parvisaccites、Ephedripites和Classopollis等;被子植物花粉中Tricolpites的百分含量最高(0%～16. 46%),其次是Betulaepollenites (0%～15. 22%),含量较高的还有Momipites和Tricolporopollenites,重要分子有Aquilapollenites、Fibulapollis和Proteacidites等。该组合可以与松辽盆地嫩江组孢粉组合对比,地质时代为晚白垩世Santonian-Campanian期。鉴于宁安市南团子山、高家等露头区海浪组所产Estherites mitsuishii、E. liuxinensis、Tylestheria cf. shanhoensis、Halysestheria yui、Calestherites sp.和Brachygrapta? sp.等叶肢介化石群,系松辽盆地嫩江组常见分子,故将东基三井1 226. 0～1 538. 0 m井段划归为海浪组,废弃"七星河组"一名。     

早白垩世Ruffordia goepperti的原位孢子及与分散孢子的关系

海金沙特的Ｒｕｆｆｏｒｄｉａ ｇｏｅｐｐｅｒｔｉ（Ｄｕｎｋｅｒ）Ｓｅｗａｒｄ是世界上早白垩世极为重要的蕨类植物。通过对比发现,Ｒｕｆｆｏｒｄｉａ ｇｏｅｐｐｅｒｔｉ原位孢子的形态和细微纹饰与地层中分散孢子Ｃｉｃａｔｒｉｃｏｓｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ ａｕｓｔｒａｌｉｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｃｏｏｋｓｏｎ）Ｐｏｔｏｎｉｅ和Ｃ．ｍｉｎｏｒ（Ｂｏｌｃｈ．）Ｐｏｃｏｃｋ一致,而且大化石与分散孢子的地史、地理分布范围也相同,     

浙江长兴煤山D剖面早三叠世孢粉组合及全球对比意义

在长兴煤山D剖面下三叠统殷坑组14 m厚的地层内(第25-60层)密集采孢粉样89件, 从12块样品中获得孢粉化石47属50种, 据此将该剖面下三叠统底部的孢粉组合定为Lundbladispora-Taeniaesporites-Equisetosporites组合.组合中裸子植物花粉占优势, 为59.0%~79.6%;蕨类植物孢子次之, 为20.4%~41.0%;裸子植物花粉中以无肋双气囊类花粉为主, 含量为19.7%~54.4%, 多沟类花粉虽仅见Equisetosporites一属, 但含量高, 最高达24.3%.蕨类植物孢子中光面三缝孢类含量最高, 为14.3%~24.4%, 以圆形的Puncatisporites为主, 最高可达16.2%.孢粉组合Lundbladispora-Taeniaesporites-Equisetosporites与同一剖面的早三叠世牙形石第2带Isarcicella isarcica带及第3带Clarkina carinata-C.planata带相重合.这对当前正在进行的陆相二叠系-三叠系界线的准确划分提供了重要的参照系.研究还表明, 煤山D剖面早三叠世早期的孢粉组合与中国北方区的早三叠世同期的孢粉组合对比较为困难, 而与华南各地的对比较为吻合, 说明中国南、北方古生代孢粉组合向中生代孢粉组合转变的时间并不一致, 北方较早, 南方较晚.      

辽西热河群上亚群孢粉组合

辽西热河群含有丰富的煤炭资源,它的时代归属问题,是我国中生代地层长期争论的焦点。作者从热河群上亚群三个岩组发现了丰富而保存完好的孢子花粉。本文建立了上亚群三个孢粉组合序列,从老至新为:九佛堂组是以Concavissimisporites-Heliosporites-Aeq-uitriradites为代表的组合,时代为早白垩世早期;沙海组是以Cicatricosisporites-Pilosisporites-Piceaepollenites为代表的组合,时代为早白垩世中期;阜新组以Appenidicisp