与光谱色散匀滑技术联用的衍射光学器件的优化设计

基于空间频谱,对光谱色散匀滑(SSD)技术与衍射光学器件(DOE)联用的焦面光强分布进行了严格的理论分析。与光谱色散匀滑技术联用前后,衍射光学器件焦面光强分布均可转化为一系列不同频率、不同复振幅的正余弦函数的叠加。光谱色散匀滑技术对衍射光学器件焦面光强分布空间频谱进行调制,该调制不仅与光谱色散匀滑参数,还与衍射光学器件相位分布有关。该技术使得衍射光学器件焦面光强分布变得更平缓,但要获得良好的联用性能,需根据光谱色散匀滑参数进行衍射光学器件的优化设计。在某一给定的光谱色散匀滑参数条件下,进行了衍射光学器件的优化设计。结果表明,与光谱色散匀滑技术联用后,衍射光学器件对入射波前畸变的宽容度有较大提高。     

复合型二元光学器件补偿色散和相位畸变研究

复合型二元光学器件作为一种新型色散和相位补偿元件,由于其色散的特殊性,在超强超短脉冲激光的色散和波前补偿中具有特殊的意义。提出并研究了利用复合型二元光学器件同时补偿全钕玻璃啁啾脉冲放大(CPA)系统中的色散和相位畸变,并利用光线追迹的方法对二元光学器件模拟了设计和补偿效果。在实验中,利用二元光学器件将100 fs的光束补偿至30 fs左右。实验结果验证了此方法的可行性。     

纪念声表面波器件的奠基人——英国物理学家瑞利发现瑞利波100周年——声表面波器件的最新进展(三)

六、色散延迟线 1. 脉冲压缩系统 SAW色散延迟线的延时是输入信号的瞬时频率的非守恒函数。在历史上,色散延迟线是最先利用SAW技术的器件之一。至今,SAW器件在雷达中应用得最成功的是用于脉冲压缩系统。     

基于光强选通成像的液晶透过谱研究

为了更好地将液晶器件应用于选通成像系统中,从理论上推导出了液晶器件透过率与波长、折射率、电压之间的关系。从双折射率与光强的关系定量分析了扭曲向列相液晶的色散效应。用光栅光谱仪选择380～1100nm波段,以SONY公司LCX023CMT型号的TFT-LCD为样品,测试了液晶器件在不同灰度级和波长下的透射率。研究结果表明:液晶器件在可见光波段色散较小,随着灰度值的增加,色散增大;通过自制的光强局部选通成像系统对同一物体进行了对比拍摄,选通后的照片表明液晶器件的色散对成像质量影响不大;该液晶器件对红外光线有近12%的透过率,证明其可以实现近红外波段的强光局部选通成像。     

长延迟反射栅色散延迟线

本文报道了用于电子对抗系统的表面波反射栅色散延迟线的制作情况。器件采用离子束刻蚀沟槽栅的制作工艺,整个刻蚀过程由计算机控制,制作出的器件其主要性能参数为:展宽线中心频率80MHz,色散时间126μs,色散带宽21MHz,插入损耗37dB;压缩线中心频率28MHz,色散时间63μs,色散带宽10.5MHz,插入损耗43dB;配对压缩后,旁瓣抑制可达34—36dB。     

刻蚀衍射光栅解复用器的偏振色散分析

介绍了一种将矩量法应用于刻蚀衍射光栅解复用器设计分析的偏振敏感型方法.通过数值分析,证明提供的方法在分析器件色散响应方面比传统的标量方法更加接近实测结果.分析了器件的偏振独立损耗和偏振色散差随入射角和衍射级的变化关系,指出器件结构参数的确定应以满足偏振色散差的实际需要为主,而在考查通道均匀性方面则应该着重考虑结构参数对偏振独立损耗特性的影响.     

国外简讯

1.3GHz的SAW器件美国康涅狄格州声子公司采用亚微米晶片光刻技术制成工作频率达1.3GHz的SAW器件.ID1300型色散延迟线中心频率为1.3GHz,带宽500MHz,色散时间达0.56μs,对线性FM信号的最大压缩脉冲输出响应为3ns.此器件未采用加权法,体积为15.2×5.6×19.1mm,器件为密封式,完全满足军品规范的要求.     

刻蚀衍射光栅解复用器的偏振色散分析

介绍了一种将矩量法应用于刻蚀衍射光栅解复用器设计分析的偏振敏感型方法．通过数值分析，证明提供的方法在分析器件色散响应方面比传统的标量方法更加接近实测结果．分析了器件的偏振独立损耗和偏振色散差随入射角和衍射级的变化关系，指出器件结构参数的确定应以满足偏振色散差的实际需要为主，而在考查通道均匀性方面则应该着重考虑结构参数对偏振独立损耗特性的影响．     

120MHz SAW双色散脉冲压缩滤波器的研制

就中心频率１２０ＭＨｚ,色散带宽３５ＭＨｚ,色散时间分别为５μｓ和１０μｓ的两种声表面波脉冲压缩滤波器进行了计算机模拟分析和器件性能预计,用频响互补方法综合选择了压缩器件加权方案,采用双色散叉指换能器（ＩＤＴ）完成了器件的设计。通过严格的工艺控制,研制成功了适用某系统要求的声表面波（ＳＡＷ）脉冲压缩滤波器,主副瓣比达到（３３￣３５）ｄＢ。     

光纤中色散效应及自相位调制SPM对1550nm传输系统的指标影响及补偿办法讨论

本文分析了色散（Dispersion）和自相位调制（SPM）对系统指标CSO的影响的物理机制；比较了各种解决色散的器件：并结合长距离方案对色散补偿方式、方法进行了讨论。     

Designing an Embedded Video Processing Camera Using a 16-bit Microprocessor for a Surveillance System

This paper describes the design and implementation of a hybrid intelligent surveillance system that consists of an embedded system and a personal computer (PC)-based system. The embedded system performs some of the image processing tasks and sends the processed data to the PC. The PC tracks persons and recognizes two-person interactions by using a grayscale side view image sequence captured by a stationary camera. Based on our previous research, we explored the optimum division of tasks between the embedded system and the PC, simulated the embedded system using dataflow models in Ptolemy, and prototyped the embedded system in real-time hardware and software using a 16-bit CISC microprocessor. This embedded system processes one 320 × 240 frame in 89 ms, which yields one-third of the rate of 30 Hz video system. In addition, the real-time embedded system prototype uses 5.7 K bytes of program memory, 854 K bytes of internal data memory and 2 M bytes external DRAM. Koichi Sato is a Ph.D. student in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at The University of Texas at Austin. He earned his B.S. in University of Tokyo, Japan in 1993. He worked for Automotive Development Center in Mitsubishi Electric Corporation where he was involved in lane and automobile recognition in vehicle video processing products such as automatic cruise control and drowsiness detection systems. He enrolled in the current University at 1998 and received an M.S in 2000. In his Master's thesis he worked on human tracking and human interaction recognition. His current work includes velocity extraction using the TSV transform, object tracking, and 3D object reconstruction. Brian L. Evans is a tenured Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at The University of Texas at Austin. His research and teaching efforts are in embedded real-time signal and image processing systems. In signal processing, his research group is focused on the design and real-time software implementation of ADSL and VDSL transceivers, for high-speed Internet access. In image processing, his group is focused on the design and real-time software implementation of high-quality halftoning for desktop printers, smart image acquisition for digital still cameras, and 3-D sonar imaging systems. In signal and image processing, Dr. Evans has published over 100 refereed conference and journal papers. Dr. Evans is the primary architect of the Signals and Systems Pack for Mathematica, which has been on the market since October 1995. He was a key contributor to UC Berkeley's Ptolemy Classic electronic design automation environment for embedded systems, which has been successfully commercialized by Agilent and Cadence. His BSEECS (1987) degree is from the Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, and his MSEE (1988) and PhDEE (1993) degrees are from the Georgia Institute of Technology. From 1993 to 1996, he was a post-doctoral researcher in the Ptolemy project at UC Berkeley. He is a member of the Design and Implementation of Signal Processing Systems Technical Committee of the IEEE Signal Processing Society, and a Senior Member of the IEEE. He is the recipient of a 1997 National Science Foundation CAREER Award. J.K. Aggarwal has served on the faculty of The University of Texas at Austin College of Engineering since 1964 and is currently Cullen Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Director of the Computer and Vision Research Center. His research interests include computer vision and pattern recognition focusing on human motion. A Fellow of IEEE since 1976 and IAPR since 1998, he received the Senior Research Award of the American Society of Engineering Education in 1992, the 1996 Technical Achievement Award of the IEEE Computer Society and the graduate teaching award at The University of Texas at Austin in 1992. He has served as Chairman of the IEEE Computer Society Technical Committee on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (1987--1989); Director of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Multisensor Fusion for Computer Vision, Grenoble, France (1989); Chairman of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (1993), and President of the International Association for Pattern Recognition (1992--1994). He is a Life Fellow of IEEE and Golden Core member of IEEE Computer Society. He has authored and edited a number of books, chapters, proceedings of conferences, and papers.     

All-Learning: The state of the art of the models and the methodologies educational with ICT

This paper presents a systematic review of models and methodologies that integrate information and communication technologies (ICT) and education. The systematic review was based on the methodology of Kitchenham. The steps used and developed correspond to the steps proposed in the methodology. The starting point of the review are the research questions, then keywords, selection of the databases, definition of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the definition of the search chains, search process and selection of papers, the analyzes of the paper and the results of the systematic review to answer the questions posed. In the systematic review, 919 papers were found in 6 academic databases and 129 relevant papers were selected. The work developed intends to know the different models and methodologies that integrate the ICT and the education. Develop an analysis and characterize to find common elements among models and methodologies. The idea is to find limitations, disadvantages and spaces that allow to propose a new model. This systematic review is the first step in the development of a doctoral research in which the development of a U-Learning model based on Connective Learning and Experience Learning is proposed.     

Mechanical Sensitivity Enhancement of an Area-Changed Capacitive Accelerometer by Optimization of the Device Geometry

A study of the enhancement of the mechanical sensitivity of an area-changed capacitive accelerometer by optimization of the device geometry is presented. The movable mass of the accelerometer was designed with many fingers connected in parallel and suspended over the stationary electrodes composed of differential comb fingers by means of mechanical beams anchored onto the substrate. The maximum displacement possible based on the chosen design structure was determined. From this displacement value the spring constant was calculated, and based on this spring constant value various combinations of the beam length and width were selected. The lengths and the widths were then varied and simulated using the Coventorware 2001.3 software. This was done as theoretical analysis showed that the mechanical beam dimensions are significantly more dominant in the overall device sensitivity. The displacement and spring constant variations with the beam dimensions at an applied acceleration was observed and analyzed. The same process was done for the number of fingers, length and thickness of each finger. Each of these was done in isolation based on the optimum geometry of the mechanical beams and tested to ensure that alterations of these aspects do not have a significant effect on the overall sensitivity. The modal and harmonic analysis were also simulated and observed to ensure the linearity and the stability of the dominant mode of the operation of the device. Optimum results of the device geometry are presented and discussed, along with suggested next steps.Badariah Bais received the B.S. and M.S. degrees from the Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, in 1990 and 1992, respectively. Since 1997, she has been serving at the Department of Electrical, Electronics and Systems Engineering at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia as a teaching staff. She is currently pursuing her Ph.D. in Microelectronics at the Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN) at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Her research interests include MEMS sensors and microfabrication. She is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer (IEEE).Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis received his Ph.D. in Microelectronics from University of Durham, UK in 1988, MSc. in Microelectronics from University of Wales, UK in 1980 and BSc. (Hons.) in Physics from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia in 1979. Now he is the director of Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN). He is a senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer (IEEE) and the Chairman of IEEE Electron Devices Malaysia Chapter since 1994. He is also a member of Malaysian Solid State Science and Technology (MSSS). He has published three text books in electronics and one book on Integrated Circuits Fabrication Technology for undergraduate courses and more than 110 academic research papers. His current interest are MEMS sensor for automotive and RF applications.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

米酵菌酸对小鼠肝和心肌细胞毒性作用的超微结构研究

目的：观察米酵菌酸对小鼠肝、心肌细胞毒性作用的超微结构改变，探讨米酵菌酸中毒的机理，方法：小鼠腹腔注射不同剂量的米酵菌酸，2h后取其肝和心肌组织，通过电镜观察其细胞超微结构的改变，结果：电镜下可见肝细胞和心肌细胞的线粒肿胀，内嵴断裂，模糊或消失，基质局部或全部空亮，呈囊泡样变，偶见其中含髓样小体，上述线粒体内嵴和膜结构的病变随米酵菌酸剂量的增加而加重，结论：米酵菌酸对小鼠肝、心肌细胞毒性作用以线粒体的损伤较为突出，因此我们认为，线粒体内膜的破坏造成线粒体的功能障碍，影响细胞呼吸，使细胞缺氧导致小鼠中毒死亡。     

百年电子学--纪念真空电子管发明一百周年

电子学的崛起、发展和广泛应用是20世纪最伟大的科学技术领域之一.在电磁波理论和自由电子发展的基础上,1904年出现了第一只真空二极电子管,一般认为这标志着电子学的诞生.电磁波频谱资源的开发和利用是电子学发展的基础和动力.从电磁频谱统一的观点看,光已经象微波一样进入到电子学的领域,成为无线电电子学中不可分割的组成部分.电子学的基本任务是:研究带电粒子流与电磁场相互作用的物理概念和物理过程,以及利用相互作用的不同物理机制实现粒子与场之间能量有效转化的方法和条件.从电子器件的观点看,电子学可分为真空电子学与固态电子学;而从电子运动规律的观点看,现代电子学将处理自由电子,准自由电子和束缚电子的运动规律及其与电磁场的相互作用.1958年,电子学领域出现三个重要发现和发明:集成电路、激光和相对论自由电子的回旋辐射.相应的,半导体电子学(微电子学)、激光电子学和相对论电子学等现代电子学领域则发端于此.电子器件小型化、微型化、功能集成化将电磁频谱的开拓和占领推向光波和红外毫米波.     

胆小管超微细胞酶学研究

以电镜细胞化学的方法,观察了小鼠胆小管酶的分布。观察的12种酶中,NDPase和G6Pase三种酶分布于胆小管微绒毛;AlPase、Na~+-K~+ATPase、Mg~(++)-ATPase、Ca~(++)-ATPase、CMPase、ACase和5＇-Nase等7种酶分布于胆小管微绒毛,也分布于肝细胞邻接面细胞膜和Disse间隙微绒毛;ACPase、细胞色素氧化酶以及线粒体ATPase不分布胆小管微绒毛,也不分布Disse间隙微绒毛和肝细胞膜。据信,胆小管微绒毛上的酶参与胆汁成份的转运,提供转运所需能量以及还可能与某些代谢过程有关。本实验中磷酸水解酶类使用的铈基法及亚铁氰化钾半还原的锇酸后固定法,效果优于铅法。     

Advanced Interfacial Design for Electronic Skins with Customizable Functionalities and Wearability

Electronic skins (E-skins), which are intelligent extensions of the human skin, are in great demand because of the rapid development of information technology and intelligence in human civilization. Essentially, E-skin systems are composed of functional and interface components. The function portion carries out various functions like sensing, power production, and therapy. In addition to ensuring consistent wear and comfort, the interface of the E-skin system is necessary for the transfer of energy or mass between the skin and the functional components of the E-skin system. The interface serves as the foundation, conduit, and link between the skin and functional components of E-skin systems. The wearability and functionality of the E-skin system are significantly impacted by the interfacial adhesion and the intermediate effect. It is crucial to build the interface in accordance with the functions of the E-skin system. However, there are few reviews on the impact of the interface on the functionality and wearability of E-skins. Here, the design of the E-skin interface is thoroughly reviewed, taking into account how skin adhesion mechanisms affect wearability and function. At last, the future development direction and perspective of next-generation E-skin systems are presented.     

Alternative Schemes for Dynamic Secure VPN Deployment in UMTS

Three alternative schemes for secure Virtual Private Network (VPN) deployment over the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) are proposed and analyzed. The proposed schemes enable a mobile node to voluntarily establish an IPsec-based secure channel to a private network. The alternative schemes differ in the location where the IPsec functionality is placed within the UMTS network architecture (mobile node, access network, and UMTS network border), depending on the employed security model, and whether data in transit are ever in clear-text, or available to be tapped by outsiders. The provided levels of privacy in the deployed VPN schemes, as well as the employed authentication models are examined. An analysis in terms of cost, complexity, and performance overhead that each method imposes to the underlying network architecture, as well as to the mobile devices is presented. The level of system reliability and scalability in granting security services is presented. The VPN management, usability, and trusted relations, as well as their behavior when a mobile user moves are analyzed. The use of special applications that require access to encapsulated data traffic is explored. Finally, an overall comparison of the proposed schemes from the security and operation point of view summarizes their relative performance. Christos Xenakis received his B.Sc. degree in computer science in 1993 and his M.Sc. degree in telecommunication and computer networks in 1996, both from the Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Athens, Greece. In 2004 he received his Ph.D. from the University of Athens (Department of Informatics and Telecommunications). From 1998–2000 was with the Greek telecoms system development firm Teletel S.A., where was involved in the design and development of advanced telecommunications subsystems for ISDN, ATM, GSM, and GPRS. Since 1996 he has been a member of the Communication Networks Laboratory of the University of Athens. He has participated in numerous projects realized in the context of EU Programs (ACTS, ESPRIT, IST). His research interests are in the field of mobile/wireless networks, security and distributed network management. He is the author of over 15 papers in the above areas. Lazaros Merakos received the Diploma in electrical and mechanical engineering from the National Technical University of Athens, Greece, in 1978, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the State University of New York, Buffalo, in 1981 and 1984, respectively. From 1983 to 1986, he was on the faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Connecticut, Storrs. From 1986 to 1994 he was on the faculty of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at Northeastern University, Boston, MA. During the period 1993–1994 he served as Director of the Communications and Digital Processing Research Center at Northeastern University. During the summers of 1990 and 1991, he was a Visiting Scientist at the IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY. In 1994, he joined the faculty of the University of Athens, Athens, Greece, where he is presently a Professor in the Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, and Director of the Communication Networks Laboratory (UoA-CNL) and the Networks Operations and Management Center. His research interests are in the design and performance analysis of broadband networks, and wireless/mobile communication systems and services. He has authored more than 150 papers in the above areas. Since 1995, he is leading the research activities of UoA-CNL in the area of mobile communications, in the framework of the Advanced Communication Technologies & Services (ACTS) and Information Society Technologies (IST) programmes funded by the European Union (projects RAINBOW, Magic WAND, WINE, MOBIVAS, POLOS, ANWIRE). He is chairman of the board of the Greek Universities Network, the Greek Schools Network, and member of the board of the Greek Research Network. In 1994, he received the Guanella Award for the Best Paper presented at the International Zurich Seminar on Mobile Communications.     

气动比例位置系统速度反馈与不完全微分PID控制

随着气动技术在各个领域的应用日渐广泛,气动比例位置控制系统优化已成为发展的必然趋势。文中建立了气动比例位置系统的数学模型,绘制系统Bode图并验证了其稳定性。通过引入速度反馈,并结合不完全微分型PID对气动比例位置系统的响应时间、精度和稳定性进行分析。仿真结果表明,引入速度反馈的不完全微分型PID校正的系统阶跃响应曲线,对比无校正、普通PID和不完全微分型PID对于阶跃信号的响应,其时间降低2.1 s,稳态误差下降0.22 mm,响应时间和稳态误差皆依次递减,响应过程更加平稳。引入速度反馈的不完全微分型PID校正的正弦追踪误差更小、稳定性更强、追踪效果更佳。该校正方法使系统响应速度大幅度提升的同时,显著增大了系统的精度并改善了系统的动静态特性。