Extreme learning machine algorithm-based model for lung cancer classification from histopathological real-time images

In the present scenario, developing an automatic and credible diagnostic system to analyze lung cancer type, stage, and level from computed tomography (C.T.) images is a very challenging task, even for experienced pathologists, due to the nonuniform illumination and artifacts. The nonuniform illumination and artifacts are the low-frequency changes in image intensity that arise from the sensor and the person's movement while recording the C.T. scanned images. Although numerous machine learning techniques are used to improve the effectiveness of automatic lung cancer diagnostic systems, the classification accuracy of these systems still needs significant improvement to satisfy the real-time requirement of the diagnostic situations. A new extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm-based model (hereafter called XlmNet) is proposed to classify the histopathology scans effectively. XlmNet utilizes The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) dataset. After data collection, the initial stage in XlmNet is preprocessing, including noise removal, histogram equalization, and quality-improved image. The enhanced Profuse Clustering (EPC) method is implemented for segmenting the affected regions from C.T. scans by image segment using superpixel clustering. The statistical attributes are extracted by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). ELM classifier helps in classifying the lung nodules. The empirical results of the XlmNet model are related to some advanced classifiers concerning performance metrics. The evaluations of XlmNet on the TCIA dataset reveal that XlmNet outperforms other classification networks with the Accuracy of 0.965, a sensitivity of 0.964, a specificity of 0.865, a precision of 0.962, a Jaccard similarity score (JSS) of 0.95.     

Multi-task deep learning for fine-grained classification and grading in breast cancer histopathological images

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Fine-grained classification and grading of breast cancer (BC) histopathological images are of great value in clinical application. However, automatic...     

适用于不确定类标签数据学习的迁移支持向量机

为了解决包含不确定信息的分类学习问题,提出一种新的适用于不确定类标签数据的迁移支持向量机。该方法基于结构风险最小化模型,同时将源领域中所学知识、领域间的共享数据、目标领域中已标定的和不确定的数据纳入学习框架中,进而实现了源领域和目标领域的知识迁移。在多种真实数据集上的实验结果表明了所提出方法的有效性。     

基于HOG-GLRLM特征的肠癌病理图片分类

针对利用单一特征集对肠癌病理图像的识别率难以提高这一情况,提出了一个基于HOG-GLRLM特征肠癌病理图片分类方法。考虑到图像中丰富的纹理和边缘信息,分别利用改进型的灰度行程矩阵和梯度方向直方图提取特征。并采用最小冗余最大关联的方法对各自和合并特征集进行特征选择。实验结果表明该方法的有效性。     

Ensemble diversified learning for image classification with noisy labels

Multimedia Tools and Applications - In this work, we develop a new approach for learning a deep neural network for image classification with noisy labels using ensemble diversified learning. We...     

Texture measures combination for improved meningioma classification of histopathological images

Providing an improved technique which can assist pathologists in correctly classifying meningioma tumours with a significant accuracy is our main objective. The proposed technique, which is based on optimum texture measure combination, inspects the separability of the RGB colour channels and selects the channel which best segments the cell nuclei of the histopathological images. The morphological gradient was applied to extract the region of interest for each subtype and for elimination of possible noise (e.g. cracks) which might occur during biopsy preparation. Meningioma texture features are extracted by four different texture measures (two model-based and two statistical-based) and then corresponding features are fused together in different combinations after excluding highly correlated features, and a Bayesian classifier was used for meningioma subtype discrimination. The combined Gaussian Markov random field and run-length matrix texture measures outperformed all other combinations in terms of quantitatively characterising the meningioma tissue, achieving an overall classification accuracy of 92.50%, improving from 83.75% which is the best accuracy achieved if the texture measures are used individually.     

Affective image classification via semi-supervised learning from web images

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Affective image classification has drawn increasing research attentions in the affective computing and multimedia communities. Despite many solutions proposed in...     

Transfer learning for histopathology images: an empirical study

Neural Computing and Applications - Histopathology imaging is one of the key methods used to determine the presence of cancerous cells. However, determining the results from such medical images is...     

Scene classification from remote sensing images using mid-level deep feature learning

ABSTRACT

Traditional remote sensing scene classification methods based on low-level local or global features easily lead to information loss, additionally, the influence of spatial correlation on scene images and the redundancy of feature representation are neglected. For overcoming these drawbacks, learnable multilayer energized locality constrained affine subspace coding (MELASC) – Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) framework (MELASC-CNN) which could generate orderless feature representation is proposed, and it considers both the diversity of local – global deep features and the redundancies of local geometric structure around visual words. Firstly, the energy of the basis is introduced to limit the number of neighbouring subspaces, moreover learnable locality-constrained affine subspace coding is presented for keeping the locality and sparsity of the corresponding coding vector, and otherwise, we utilize Gaussian Mixed Model (GMM) to improve the robustness of dictionary. Specifically, second-order coding based on information geometry is performed to further improve MELASC-CNN’s performance; additionally, three kinds of proximity measures are proposed for describing closeness between features and affine subspaces. Finally, MELASC-CNN is built on the combination of the convolutional and fully connected layers for considering the global and local features. Simultaneously, MELASC-CNN extracts the feature vector at different resolutions through Spatial Pyramid Matching (SPM), and it integrates the spatial information into the final representation vector. For validation and comparison purposes, we conduct extensive experiments on two challenging high-resolution remote sensing datasets and show better performance than other related works.     

Multiple labels associative classification

Building fast and accurate classifiers for large-scale databases is an important task in data mining. There is growing evidence that integrating classification and association rule mining can produce more efficient and accurate classifiers than traditional techniques. In this paper, the problem of producing rules with multiple labels is investigated, and we propose a multi-class, multi-label associative classification approach (MMAC). In addition, four measures are presented in this paper for evaluating the accuracy of classification approaches to a wide range of traditional and multi-label classification problems. Results for 19 different data sets from the UCI data collection and nine hyperheuristic scheduling runs show that the proposed approach is an accurate and effective classification technique, highly competitive and scalable if compared with other traditional and associative classification approaches. Fadi Abdeljaber Thabtah received a B.S. degree in Computer Science from Philadelphia University, Jordan, in 1997 and an M.S. degree in Computer Science from California State University, USA in 2001. From 1996 to 2001, he worked as professional in database programming and administration in United Insurance Ltd. in Amman. In 2002, he started his academic career and joined the Philadelphia University as a lecturer. He is currently a final graduate student at the Department of Computer Science, Bradford University, UK. He has published about seven scientific papers in the areas of data mining and machine learning. His research interests include machine learning, data mining, artificial intelligence and object-oriented databases. Peter Cowling is a Professor of Computing at the University of Bradford. He obtained M.A. and D.Phil. degrees from the University of Oxford. He leads the Modelling Optimisation Scheduling And Intelligent Control (MOSAIC) research centre (http://mosaic.ac), whose main research interests lie in the investigation and development of new modelling, optimisation, control and decision support technologies, which bridge the gap between theory and practice. Applications include production and personnel scheduling, intelligent game agents and data mining. He has published over 40 scientific papers in these areas and is active as a consultant to industry. Yonghong Peng's research areas include machine learning and data mining, and bioinformatics. He has published more than 35 scientific papers in related areas. Dr. Peng is a member of the IEEE and Computer Society, and has been a member of the programme committee of several conferences and workshops. Dr. Peng referees papers for several journals including the IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (part C), IEEE Trans. on Evolutionary Computation, Journal of Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Journal of Bioinformatics, and Journal of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, and is refereeing papers for several conferences.     

Transfer synthetic over-sampling for class-imbalance learning with limited minority class data

The problem of limited minority class data is encountered in many class imbalanced applications, but has received little attention. Synthetic over-sampling, as popular class-imbalance learning methods, could introduce much noise when minority class has limited data since the synthetic samples are not i.i.d. samples of minority class. Most sophisticated synthetic sampling methods tackle this problem by denoising or generating samples more consistent with ground-truth data distribution. But their assumptions about true noise or ground-truth data distribution may not hold. To adapt synthetic sampling to the problem of limited minority class data, the proposed Traso framework treats synthetic minority class samples as an additional data source, and exploits transfer learning to transfer knowledge from them to minority class. As an implementation, TrasoBoost method firstly generates synthetic samples to balance class sizes. Then in each boosting iteration, the weights of synthetic samples and original data decrease and increase respectively when being misclassified, and remain unchanged otherwise. The misclassified synthetic samples are potential noise, and thus have smaller influence in the following iterations. Besides, the weights of minority class instances have greater change than those of majority class instances to be more influential. And only original data are used to estimate error rate to be immune from noise. Finally, since the synthetic samples are highly related to minority class, all of the weak learners are aggregated for prediction. Experimental results show TrasoBoost outperforms many popular class-imbalance learning methods.     

Skin cancer disease images classification using deep learning solutions

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Skin cancer is a type of dangerous disease, and early detection is necessary to increases the survival rate. In recent years, deep learning models applied to...     

Utilizing CNNs and transfer learning of pre-trained models for age range classification from unconstrained face images

Automatic age classification from real-world and wild face images is a challenging task and has an increasing importance due to its wide range of applications in current and future lifestyles. As a result of increasing age specific human-computer interactions, it is expected that computerized systems should be capable of estimating the age from face images and respond accordingly. Over the past decade, many research studies have been conducted on automatic age classification from face images. However, the performance of the developed age classification systems suffered due to the absence of large, comprehensive benchmarks. In this work, we propose and show that pre-trained CNNs which were trained on large benchmarks for different purposes can be retrained and fine-tuned for age range classification from unconstrained face images. Also, we propose to reduce the dimension of the output of the last convolutional layer in pre-trained CNNs to improve the performance of the designed CNNs architectures. The experimental results show significant improvements in exact and 1-off accuracies on the Adience benchmark.     

Efficient classification of the hyperspectral images using deep learning

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Classification techniques applicable to the hyperspectral images do not extract deep features from the hyperspectral image efficiently. In this work, a deep...     

深度学习在主动脉中膜变性病理图像分类中的应用

胸主动脉瘤和夹层（TAAD）是严重的心血管疾病之一,而中膜变性（MD）的组织学改变对疾病的诊断及早期干预具有重要的临床意义。针对病理图像的高度复杂性使得MD的诊断过程耗时费力且一致性差的问题,提出了一种基于深度学习的病理图像分类方法,并将其应用于四种MD病变类型以进行性能验证。该方法使用了一种改进的基于GoogLeNet的卷积神经网络模型,首先采用迁移学习来将先验知识应用于TAAD病理图像的表达,然后使用Focal loss和L2正则化来解决数据不平衡问题,从而进一步优化模型性能。实验结果表明,所提模型的平均四分类准确率达到98.78%,表现出较好的泛化性能。可见所提方法可以有效地提升病理学家的诊断效率。     

基于多任务学习的自然图像分类研究

针对自然图像内容结构复杂、难以区分的实际情况,提出了一种基于多任务学习的自然图像分类方法。通过额外任务来辅助主任务的学习,构造了衡量任务间相关性大小的相关性矩阵,提出了主任务联合额外任务共同决策的学习模式;通过额外任务与主任务的相关性来控制额外任务参与主任务决策的程度,以提高主任务的分类准确率。实验结果表明,与传统的单任务学习相比,尤其是在已知样本较少的情况下,多任务学习机制能够明显地改善分类器的泛化性能。     

Self-label correction for image classification with noisy labels

Pattern Analysis and Applications - Label noise is inevitable in image classification. Existing methods usually lack the reliability of selecting clean data samples and rely on an auxiliary model...     

Deep learning architectures for land cover classification using red and near-infrared satellite images

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Classification of remotely sensed data requires the modelling of suitable image processing algorithms. The rise of machine learning systems upgraded the...     

A novel transfer learning approach for the classification of histological images of colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most diagnosed cancer in the United States. It is identified by histopathological evaluations of microscopic images of the cancerous region, relying on a subjective interpretation. The Colorectal Histology dataset used in this study contains 5000 images, made available by the University Medical Center Mannheim. This approach proposes the automatic identification of eight types of tissues found in CRC histopathological evaluation. We apply Transfer Learning from architectures of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). We modify the structures of CNNs to extract features from the images and input them to well-known machine learning methods: Naive Bayes, Multilayer Perceptron, k-Nearest Neighbors, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine (SVM). We evaluated 108 extractor–classifier combinations. The one that achieved the best results is DenseNet169 with SVM (RBF), reaching an Accuracy of 92.083% and F1-Score of 92.117%. Therefore, our approach is capable of distinguishing tissues found in CRC histopathological evaluation.