改进的湿式离合器带排转矩模型

基于表面张力和表面波度以及摩擦副不平行度的影响,建立了改进的湿式离合器带排转矩模型。推导了考虑表面张力和表面湿润的摩擦副径向压力分布方程,同时推导了摩擦副不平行度和表面波度影响下的油膜厚度。通过计算研究发现:表面张力、摩擦副不平行度和表面波度均使离合器带排转矩增大,而且不平行程度越大,带排转矩增加越快,而表面波度对带排转矩的影响较小。将改进的模型与原模型和试验数据进行了对比,验证了改进模型的有效性。     

基于改进平均流量模型的离合器接合特性仿真

针对液力机械变速器湿式多片离合器的结构特点,研究了离合器摩擦副表面粗糙接触、摩擦材料的可渗透性和润滑油液的离心力,改进了平均流量模型,建立了修正的雷诺方程用于计算接合过程中油膜压力和油膜厚度的变化规律。采用Greenwood-Tripp接触模型,建立了单摩擦副承载力方程和转矩方程。通过研究摩擦片和对偶钢片相对滑动产生的摩擦热以及润滑油对摩擦副的冷却作用,获得了被动摩擦片的角速度、油膜厚度以及摩擦转矩等离合器接合过程工作特性的变化规律。最后,仿真分析了摩擦副的工作参数和材料特性对接合转矩的影响规律。     

湿式离合器接合过程油膜厚度和转矩仿真

湿式离合器的接合过程直接影响离合器的使用寿命及其工作性能。基于流体力学理论以及粗糙表面的弹性接触理论,建立了湿式离合器接合过程中油膜厚度和传递转矩的数学模型,利用Runge-Kutta数值积分法对数学模型进行耦合求解,得到控制油压、润滑油黏度以及摩擦材料渗透性对油膜厚度和离合器传递转矩的影响规律。结果表明:提高控制油压能够有效提升离合器接合过程中的传递转矩,并且能够缩短离合器的接合时间;随着润滑油黏度的增大或摩擦材料渗透性的减小,离合器接合过程中传递扭矩的响应速度变慢,这将会延长离合器的接合时间;润滑油黏度和摩擦材料渗透性对离合器接合过程的挤压和压紧阶段传递的转矩影响较大,但对粗糙接触阶段传递的转矩影响较小。     

液黏调速离合器油槽结构参数优化设计

为了减小液黏调速离合器的带排转矩,降低摩擦副的空载功率损失,以双圆弧油槽摩擦副为研究对象,建立基于计算流体动力学流场数值分析、实验设计方法、响应曲面法及数值优化算法为一体的液黏调速离合器摩擦副集成优化设计平台.分析液黏调速离合器摩擦副油槽参数对带排转矩的影响,对结构参数进行优化设计.结果表明：随着油槽宽度和油槽深度的增大,液黏调速离合器转矩均呈现下降的趋势,但是随着油槽数目的增多,液黏调速离合器转矩呈现单调上升的趋势.优化后,减小了液黏调速离合器的带排转矩,提高了发动机的实际输出功率.     

湿式多片离合器摩擦转矩衰减特性分析

为研究湿式多片离合器滑摩过程中摩擦转矩衰减现象,在SAE#2试验台制动工况下进行了不同摩擦副数离合器的摩擦转矩试验.针对于湿式多片离合器的摩擦转矩衰减现象,提出湿式多片离合器摩擦转矩衰减系数,以表征多摩擦副离合器实测摩擦转矩相对于计算摩擦转矩的减小程度.根据两副和六副摩擦转矩试验拟合得到受相对转速和平均面压影响的两副-六副摩擦转矩衰减系数,并分析相对转速和平均面压对摩擦转矩衰减值和摩擦转矩衰减系数的影响.研究表明:摩擦转矩衰减系数受摩擦转矩衰减值和计算摩擦转矩的共同影响,在润滑流量充足的条件下,摩擦转矩衰减值随着相对转速的增大逐渐减小,随着平均面压的增大而增大;而摩擦因数随相对转速和平均面压的变化规律较为复杂,但总体上湿式多片离合器摩擦转矩衰减系数呈现随相对转速的增大逐渐减小,随平均面压的增大先增大后减小的趋势.     

TC+AMT中湿式多片离合器带排扭矩及其对换档同步过程的影响

通过建立TC+AMT中湿式多片离合器带排扭矩与换档同步过程的数学模型,运用Matlab/Simulink进行仿真分析,并与实验结果对比,证明了模型的正确性与准确性,并分析了湿式多片离合器分离状态下摩擦副间隙、冷却油流量以及不同温度下冷却油性质等因素对带排扭矩、换挡同步时间和同步能量的影响。所得结论对湿式多片离合器的理论研究和结构设计以及传动系统匹配具有参考价值。     

花键摩擦对湿式多片离合器分离过程影响

为研究在不同花键摩擦因数下湿式多片离合器分离过程中的摩擦转矩和间隙变化,建立湿式多片离合器分离过程动力学数值模型,并提出不均匀系数以表征分离间隙均匀度。研究结果表明：分离过程中各摩擦副间隙首先缓慢增大,再迅速增大,剧烈波动之后趋于稳定;间隙稳定之后分离过程结束,而花键摩擦因数对分离过程持续时间几乎没有影响;不考虑花键摩擦时,各摩擦副均匀分离;考虑花键摩擦后,各摩擦副间隙从第一副至第六副依次减小,花键摩擦因数的增加显著恶化了分离间隙均匀度;分离过程的粗糙接触转矩初始值及其衰减速率随花键摩擦因数的增大而减小,分离过程末期的黏性转矩随花键摩擦因数的增大而增大。因此降低花键摩擦因数,有助于湿式多片离合器的均匀分离和降低带排转矩。     

湿式离合器接合压力对接合特性的影响研究

通过分析湿式离合器的接合过程,应用一维平均雷诺方程和粗糙表面弹性接触模型建立湿式离合器接合过程数学模型。利用龙格-库塔数值方法对接合过程数学模型进行求解,研究湿式离合器接合压力对接合过程中黏性转矩、粗糙摩擦转矩及传递转矩的变化规律。仿真结果表明:接合压力上升越慢,其产生的黏性转矩、粗糙摩擦转矩及传递转矩响应越慢;接合压力上升特性对黏性转矩和粗糙摩擦转矩的峰值影响较小,对黏性转矩总体变化趋势影响也较小,但对粗糙摩擦转矩和传递转矩总体变化趋势影响较大。     

考虑界面接触状态的湿式离合器扭矩特性

为提升重型车辆传动系统中湿式离合器可靠性及使用寿命,建立了考虑界面接触状态的湿式离合器扭矩模型,通过模型研究了不同参数对离合器扭矩特性的影响规律。首先,对湿式离合器进行仿真模拟,增加界面接触状态参数,搭建湿式离合器充油模型与结合模型。其次,基于SAE#2试验台开展湿式离合器扭矩试验,将仿真获得的结果与离合器试验数据进行对比,验证了仿真模型的有效性。最后,结合模型研究了油压、油温和碟形量对湿式离合器扭矩特性的影响规律。结果表明:考虑了界面接触状态的模型相较于传统模型具有更高的准确性,提高了22.30%;随着控制油压的减小,离合器的总扭矩降低,当压力从1.5 MPa减小到1.0 MPa时,扭矩峰值降低了22.38%,同时制动时间延长了46.05%;润滑油温度对离合器的黏性转矩和摩擦扭矩都具有一定程度的影响,温度越高,黏性转矩越小,摩擦扭矩越大,整体制动时间稍有减小;摩擦片碟形量对离合器扭矩的影响主要体现在扭矩产生时间,碟形量的增加会导致离合器制动时间增加。     

含沟槽湿式离合器接合特性数值与试验研究

为了研究工况参数对湿式离合器接合特性的影响规律,基于Navier-Stokes方程、KE粗糙接触理论和传热理论,针对含沟槽湿式离合器建立接合特性综合数值模型. 利用自主研制的离合器试验装置,针对接合压力、润滑油（ATF）温度、相对转速、渗透性和沟槽等影响因素进行正交试验. 结果表明,接合压力不仅影响接合时间且对扭矩有影响,压盘接触瞬间的扭矩抖动取决于接合压力稳定性,接合完成瞬间的扭矩抖动是由动静摩擦系数差异造成的;润滑油温升高,黏度降低使粗糙峰接触延迟造成接合时间增长,接合扭矩减小;转速越高,接合时间越长;渗透性越高,油膜厚度下降越快,接合响应速度越快;沟槽宽度越大,接合扭矩的幅值越小,接合时间越长. 初始油膜厚度越大,接合初始阶段的油膜剪切扭矩越小.     

Research on Drag Torque Prediction Model for the Wet Clutches

Considering the surface tension effect and centrifugal effect,a mathematical model based on Reynolds equation for predicting the drag torque of disengage wet clutches is presented. The model indicates that the equivalent radius is a function of clutch speed and flow rate. The drag torque achieves its peak at a critical speed. Above this speed,drag torque drops due to the shrinking of the oil film. The model also points out that viscosity and flow rate effects on drag torque. Experimental results indicate that the model is reasonable and it performs well for predicting the drag torque peak.     

Numerical film torque modeling of friction pair in hydro-viscous clutchs

A numerical model to predict film torque of hydro-viscous clutch was developed.The model was established with computational fluid dynamics（CFD）.The pressure distribution,velocity of flow and film torque were obtained based on vertical-horizontal grooved plate and radial grooved plate separately.The boundary conditions,such as the relative rotation,the fluid temperature and the oil feeding pressure,were also discussed.The results showed that the film torque of two kinds of grooved plate increased with increasing relative rotation.However,the film torque decreased with increasing fluid temperature and feeding pressure.Meanwhile,the film torque of radial grooved plate was less than vertical-horizontal grooved plate at the same condition.Our study showed that the model can efficiently calculate the film torque with complex geometry parameters and boundary conditions.     

Drag Characteristics Prediction for Wet Multi-Disk Brakes

To improve the characteristics of wet multi-disc brakes (WMDBs), the WMDBs of the drive axles of mining trucks were studied. A model was established to predict the phenomenon of drag characteristics during wet brake non-engagement by considering the combined effect of surface grooves, film shrinkage, and laminar Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations. The model was used to study drag torque and temperature variation of the wet brakes for different volume flows, dynamic viscosities, and friction pair clearances. The simulation results indicated that the peak torque decreased when the clearance of the friction pair increased. Additionally, the peak torque increased when the volume flow increased and when the cooling liquid dynamic viscosity increased. The model was more accurate than a traditional forecasting system when considering the role of surface grooves and oil film shrinkage in actual working conditions.     

同步器同步机理建模与结构影响因素分析

针对同步器结合过程,利用平均雷诺方程和微凸体摩擦原理,建立了油膜压力、微凸体接触力、同步环轴向力、同步力矩4个数学模型,运用4-Runge-Kutta法对油膜厚度和转速差进行耦合数值求解,分析了同步器结合过程油膜厚度、转速差、粘性剪切转矩、粗糙摩擦转矩以及总转矩的变化规律.对同步器结合过程数学模型进行试验验证后,利用所建模型研究了同步环宽度、同步环半径、摩擦锥角以及摩擦材料厚度等因素对同步器结合过程的影响规律.结果表明:同步环宽度增大,粘性转矩和粗糙接触转矩增大,油膜厚度下降速率减缓,粗糙接触转矩响应延迟,同步时间增加;同步环半径增大,粘性转矩和粗糙接触转矩增大,油膜厚度下降速率加快,同步时间缩短;同步环摩擦锥角增大,粘性转矩增大,粗糙接触转矩减小,转速差下降速率变缓,同步时间增加;摩擦材料厚度增大,粗糙接触转矩相应加快,油膜厚度下降速率增大,最小油膜厚度减小,同步时间缩短.     

液体静压转台系统动力学分析及参数影响

为了控制液体静压转台系统的振动,将液体静压转台系统承载力进行了泰勒展开,从而将非线性油膜力等效简化为弹簧阻尼器系统,建立了液体静压转台系统的有限元模型,并对系统进行模态分析和谐响应分析,研究了油腔几何参数对系统动力学特性的影响,探讨了油腔数目、材料弹性模量、等效油膜刚度及等效油膜阻尼等参数对系统动位移的影响.结果表明:随着油腔外半径、初始油膜厚度和油腔深度的增大,系统的固有频率值将减小;封油边宽度增大,系统固有频率则增大.根据油腔布局的不同可以看到:4油腔系统的动位移最小,16油腔系统的动位移最大,系统在低频范围的动位移比高频范围大.材料弹性模量、等效油膜刚度和等效油膜阻尼对动位移有显著影响.该研究为液体静压转台系统的动态设计和提高转台的加工精度提供了参考依据.     

Mechanism of hydro-viscous soft start of belt conveyor

The mechanism of a hydro-viscous soft start is of great importance in the design of a hydro-viscous clutch and its control system. To explain the mechanism of a hydro-viscous soft start, the startup process of a belt conveyor was numerically analyzed with the modified Reynolds equation, an energy equation and a temperature-viscosity equation. The effect of temperature and grooves of the friction disk surface on torque transfer and load capacity of the oil film have also been analyzed. The results show that 1) the grooves are the basis of forming dynamic pressure but they may reduce the capacity of torque transfer to a certain extent,2) during the startup process, temperature has little effect on torque transfer and load capacity and the variation in load capacity of the oil film is very small, indicating that it is preferable to use the flow rate as a control object than the pressure of the feed cylinder.The results have been verified by an experiment.     

Estimating the clutch transmitting torque during HEV mode-switch based on the Kalman filter

A power train dynamics model of a coaxial parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) was built for different clutch operating states. With the state vector constituted by the motor rotation speed and the clutch transmitting torque at two successive time steps, a discrete state space model for estimating the clutch transmitting torque was built, and the Kalman filtering algorithm was used to estimate the clutch transmitting torque. The Matlab/Simulink was employed to simulate the clutch transmitting torque for two mode-switch processes. Estimation errors were analyzed through comparing the estimated and simulated values of the clutch torque. Impact of the noise covariance and the sample time on clutch torque estimation errors were explored. The results show that the developed estimation method can be used to estimate the clutch transmitting torque for HEV with good accuracy. The results are useful for torque direct control of automatic diaphragm clutches.