急性淋巴细胞白血病应用同胞全相合造血干细胞移植治疗的价值研究

目的:分析同胞全相合造血干细胞移植治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病的临床疗效.方法:选取我院2017年7月至2019年12月收治的82例急性淋巴细胞白血病患者,根据移植类型分为同胞全相合造血干细胞移植研究组和单倍体造血干细胞移植对照组,均41例,对比造血功能重建、并发症、预后情况等.结果:研究组中性粒细胞植入时间短于对照组,并发...     

单倍体相合异基因造血干细胞移植治疗白血病

背景：对于无HLA全相合同胞供者的患者,采用单倍体相合造血干细胞移植面临移植物抗宿主病重、移植相关死亡率高的风险,但通过不同的移植模式,将有可能获取相近的疗效。 目的：观察亲缘HLA单倍体相合异基因造血干细胞移植治疗白血病的疗效,并与亲缘HLA全相合异基因造血干细胞移植相比较。 方法：45例白血病患者分为2组。单倍体组移植方式为外周血或联合骨髓干细胞移植,预处理方案为改良白消安与环磷酰胺或加抗胸腺细胞球蛋白,移植物抗宿主病的预防采用环孢素A+甲氨蝶呤+霉酚酸脂;全相合组移植方式为外周血干细胞移植,预处理方案为BuCY,移植物抗宿主病的预防采用环孢素A+甲氨蝶呤。 结果与结论：两组均获得造血重建时间差异无显著性意义。单倍体及全相合组急性移植物抗宿主病的累积发病率分别为73%对52%(P > 0.05);慢性移植物抗宿主病的累积发病率分别为56%对45%(P > 0.05);移植相关死亡率分别为36%对17%(P > 0.05);单倍体组无复发,全相合组复发2例;两组的预计3年累积无病生存率分别为61%对60%(P > 0.05)。结果提示,亲缘单倍体异基因造血干细胞移植的总体疗效与亲缘全相合异基因造血干细胞移植相似,但中重度急性移植物抗宿主病的发生率较后者为高。     

HLA单倍体相合与全相合外周血造血干细胞移植后的急性移植物抗宿主病

背景：异基因外周血造血干细胞移植成为造血干细胞移植的主要方式,近年来HLA单倍体相合造血干细胞移植因供者来源广泛在临床应用较多,急性移植物抗宿主病仍是影响移植成功率的主要因素。 目的：观察亲缘HLA单倍体相合与全相合异基因外周血造血干细胞移植后急性移植物抗宿主病的发生特点,探讨降低急性移植物抗宿主病发生率的方法及单倍体造血干细胞移植应用于临床的意义。 方法：行异基因外周血造血干细胞移植的患者52例,其中HLA全相合组31例,单倍体组21例。HLA单倍体组采用改良马利兰/环磷酰胺+兔抗人胸腺T细胞免疫球蛋白预处理方案,HLA全相合组采用改良马利兰/环磷酰胺预处理方案。移植物抗宿主病的预防采用短程甲氨蝶呤+环孢素A+吗替麦考酚酯的方案。 结果与结论：52例患者均获得完全持久干细胞植入。其中,急性移植物抗宿主病发病率为48%(25/52),Ⅲ-Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病发病率为23%(12/52);全相合组及单倍体组急性移植物抗宿主病累积发病率分别为39%(12/31)和62%(13/21)(P > 0.05);全相合组及单倍体组Ⅲ-Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病累积发病率分别为10%(3/31)和43%(9/21)(P < 0.05);发生于移植后+30 d、+31 d-+60 d、+61 d-+100 d的急性移植物抗宿主病类型分布差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);发生在移植后+30 d内的急性移植物抗宿主病发生率高于移植后   +31 d-+60 d和+61 d-+100 d;发生急性移植物抗宿主病组和无急性移植物抗宿主病组复发率、2年无病生存率差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),全相合组与单倍体组相比复发率差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),2年无病生存率前者高于后者(P < 0.05)。说明采用上述移植方案,单倍体组安全性与疗效接近全相合组;在缺乏HLA相合供者时,单倍体造血干细胞移植是治疗恶性血液病的重要方法。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

非清髓性异基因造血干细胞移植治疗高龄白血病

背景：非清髓异基因造血干细胞移植减轻了预处理强度,减少了移植相关的死亡。 目的：分析非清髓性异基因造血干细胞移植治疗老年急性白血病的疗效及其安全性。 方法：71岁急性单核细胞白血病M5b 患者1例,行非清髓性异基因造血干细胞移植。供者为患者同胞弟弟,60岁,HLA 5个位点相合,ABO血型相同。预处理用药包括采用氟达拉滨、塞替派、环磷酰胺和马利兰针剂。移植物抗宿主病预防用抗胸腺球蛋白、巴利昔单抗、环孢素A、麦考酚酯肠溶片及丙种球蛋白,移植后并发症防治和支持治疗：更昔洛韦防治巨细胞病毒感染、前列腺素E1、丹参、肝素及熊去氧胆酸防治肝静脉闭塞症,预处理后外周血中性粒细胞低于0.5×109 L-1时开始予粒细胞集落刺激因子5 μg/(k g•d)促进造血重建。必要时输注辐照的浓缩红细胞和血小板,供者采用粒细胞集落刺激因子,连用 7 d,第6,7天采集外周血造血干细胞,当天输注给患者。 结果与结论：移植后28 d完成造血重建。移植后50 d,行STR检测结果显示供受者100%一致。移植后+20~30 d陆续出现“出血性膀胱炎”、“败血症(洋葱伯克霍尔德菌胞菌)”,移植后2个月出现黄疸、肝功能损害,诊断“急性移植物抗宿主病Ⅲ度(肝脏,3级) ”,经过抗感染、保肝、调整免疫抑制药物治疗后病情缓解。结果表明采用以氟达拉滨为基础的非清髓性外周血造血干细胞移植治疗有多种合并症老年急性白血病是一种有效安全的方法。     

异基因造血干细胞移植后的移植物抗白血病作用的临床观察

移植物抗白血病作用（GVL）是异基因造血干细胞移植后,引起造血系统肿瘤持续缓解状态的一种免疫介导的反应。目前,对GVL的机理仍不清楚。临床上观察到,在GVL出现前,病人多经历了一个急或慢性的移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）过程。GVHD使受者正常的组织和细胞受到损伤,而同时产生     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗重型再生障碍性贫血

背景：近年来随着造血干细胞移植技术的提高和免疫抑制剂的使用,重型再生障碍性贫血的治疗效果有了明显改善,尤其是亲缘间HLA配型全相合异基因造血干细胞移植,取得了较高的治愈率。 目的：观察异基因造血干细胞移植治疗重型再生障碍性贫血的疗效。 方法：自2009至2011年采用异基因造血干细胞移植治疗重型再生障碍性贫血患者20例,HLA配型全相合12例,不全相合8例。移植预处理采用氟达拉滨+兔抗人胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白+环磷酰胺。除1例为非血缘外周血干细胞移植外,其他患者干细胞来源为动员后的骨髓和外周血干细胞联合移植。HLA全相合移植物抗宿主病预防采用环孢素联合短程甲氨蝶呤,不全相合患者采用环孢素、短程甲氨蝶呤联合吗替麦考酚酸酯。 结果与结论：移植后中性粒细胞恢复> 0.5×109 L-1平均为12.5 d,血小板恢复> 20×109 L-1平均为+18 d。20例患者随访24-60个月,总生存率75%(15例),治愈率70%(14例),死亡5例;12例全相合患者中83%治愈(10例),8例不全相合患者治疗有效率62%(5例),治愈率50%(4例)。20例患者中发生急性及慢性移植物抗宿主病5例,治疗中并发败血症4例,侵袭性真菌感染3例。结果可见异基因干细胞移植是治疗重型再生障碍性贫血的有效方法之一,尤以HLA全相合效果良好,移植后恢复快,移植物抗宿主病发生率低。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病临床疗效分析

目的总结162例异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）[包括：同胞allo-HSCT125例．非血缘关系allo-HSCT30例和非清髓异基因外周血造血干细胞移植（allo-PBSCT）7例1治疗恶性血液病疗效和生存状况。方法慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）患者62例，急性髓系白血病（AML）患者58例，急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）患者28例．骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）6例，多发性骨髓瘤（MM）3例，非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）3例，慢性粒单细胞性白血病（CMML）1例．霍奇金淋巴瘤（HD）1例。经预处理，进行人类白细胞抗原（HLA）相合的同胞异基因骨髓移植（allo-BMT）27例．allo-PBSCT98例和非血缘关系allo-BMT4例，非血缘关系aUo-PBSCT26例．HLA相合的同胞非清髓allo-PBSCT7例。非血缘关系allo-HSCT患者采用长程加强的移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）的预防方案（将环孢菌素A提前至预处理开始时使用，同时加用霉酚酸酯）。结果移植后中位随访38（2-259）个月。allo-HSCT患者长期DFS为54、9％（89／162），CML至今DFS为61-3％（38／62），AML至今DFS为56，9％（33／58），ALL至今DFS为39-3％（11／28）．MDS至今DFS为83-3％（5／6），3例NHL存活1例，1例CMML存活．3例MM均死亡．霍奇金淋巴瘤（HD）1例死亡。移植后100d内移植相关死亡率（TRM）19．8％（32／162），死亡原因分别为急性GVHD、播散性感染、复发和植入失败；移植后100d至2年内TRM为24、7％（40／162）．死亡原因分别为慢性GVHD、CMV感染和疾病复发，1例于移植后1413d死亡．其余移植超过2年均存活，死亡原因是慢性GVHD合并感染，最长生存已11年。结论allo-HSCT可使相当部分白血病患者获得长期无病存活．治疗MDS效果良好．治疗MM效果很差。该组患者移植后100d内死亡原因主要是急性GVHD：移植后100d至2年内死亡的主要原因是慢性GVHD和CMV感染、疾病复发；故除正确处理移植相关并发症?     

白血病患者异基因造血干细胞移植后T细胞免疫重建的研究

目的 通过分析TCR Vβ基因片段选择性扩增，了解白血病患者异基因外周血干细胞移植后T淋巴细胞的免疫重建及其在移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)患者中的表达特点．方法 采用RT—PCR扩增10例移植后患者外周血的单个核细胞的TCR Vβ24个基因片段，分析其TCR Vβ基因的表达情况，GVHD患者的PCR产物进一步经基因扫描分析确定T细胞克隆性．结果 经24个Vβ引物所分别进行的RT—PCR检测TCR Vβ各亚家族基因的表达情况，发现10例病人外周血与正常人表达24个Vβ亚家族有明显的不同，病人的部分Vβ亚家族T细胞仍未能重建，仅表达5-22个亚家族基因；9例GVHD患者外周血仅表达2—8个TCR Vβ亚细胞生长．结论 移植后病人外周血淋巴细胞TCR Vβ基因片段部分受抑制，部分基因片段呈选择性扩增．GVHD患者有Vβ3和Vβ8基因的优势表达，并有克隆性T细胞生成．     

减低剂量预处理方案在亲缘HLA单倍体相合造血干细胞移植中的应用

背景：近年来减低剂量预处理异基因造血干细胞移植已被证明是安全有效的治疗手段,在同胞全相合和无关供者中应用逐年增多,它特别适合老年人或年轻人合并器官功能障碍的患者,然而由于找到HLA配型相合供体的概率不高,使得同胞全相合和无关供者减低剂量预处理异基因造血干细胞移植开展受限,而HLA不相合/单倍体供体则可以迅速找到,但减低剂量预处理的单倍体造血干细胞移植应用的报道还较少,国内尚未见报道,因此对减低剂量预处理的单倍体造血干细胞移植的开展情况进行综述非常重要。 目的：综述减低剂量预处理在亲缘HLA单倍体造血干细胞移植中的应用现状。 方法：以“减低剂量预处理方案、非清髓性预处理方案、HLA单倍体相合、造血干细胞移植和No-nmyeloablative  conditioning,Reduced-intensity conditioning,HLA-haploidentical,Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation”为检索词,应用计算机检索1997至2014年万方数据库、CNKI和PubMed数据库、外文医学信息资源检索平台检索关于减低剂量预处理在亲缘HLA单倍体造血干细胞移植中应用的相关文献,根据纳入标准和排除标准,最终选取25篇文献进行分析,全部为英文。 结果与结论：减低剂量预处理异基因造血干细胞移植在HLA同胞全相合及无关供者中开展的较多且效果愈来愈好。减低剂量预处理的单倍体造血干细胞移植开展的较晚且报道较少,其植入、感染、移植相关死亡、移植物抗宿主病、长期无病生存率和总生存率等各个研究的结果差异较大,早期结果稍差,而近期总体情况有明显改善。目前看减低剂量预处理的单倍体造血干细胞移植是可行的,尤其对于找不到同胞相合及无关全相合供者的患者来说,HLA单倍体相合的血缘关系亲属成为最有潜力的干细胞来源。减低剂量预处理的单倍体造血干细胞移植保留较强的移植物抗白血病效应,且寻找供者容易,有足够的细胞后续治疗如供者淋巴细胞输注,同时通过发挥移植物抗白血病效应,可有效清除患者体内的肿瘤细胞,为处在疾病进展期或经历多次治疗失败的患者,尤其是老年患者、合并器官功能障碍及并发症患者,提供有效的挽救治疗手段。但由于开展的时间较短,今后在应用中该如何选择最佳方案、最佳时机以及减低移植物抗宿主病、移植相关死亡率及复发率等尚需进一步深入的研究。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

HLA匹配同胞供者和半倍体供者异基因造血干细胞移植治疗多次输血的重型再生障碍性贫血

目的 研究HLA匹配同胞供者和半倍体供者异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)治疗多次输血的重型再生障碍性贫血(SAA)患者的疗效。方法 回顾性分析11例多次输血的SAA患者移植疗效与并发症发生率。11例患者中8例接受HLA匹配同胞供者HSCT，3例接受半倍体(母亲)HSCT。供、受者之间HLAA，B，DR抗原全相合者7例，1个位点不相合者3例，3个位点不相合者1例。结果 所有11例患者移植后均获得造血重建，其中3例患者发生Ⅰ-Ⅱ度急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)，2例发生慢性局限型GVHD，2例发生移植物排斥，1例死亡，1例因自身造血功能恢复而生存；1例患者移植后5个月死于间质性肺炎。中位随访13个月(3～71个月)，9例患者生存(包括3例半倍体供者植入HSCT)，其中8例患者供体细胞持久植入。结论 HLA匹配同胞供者和半倍体供者allo-HSCT是治疗SAA的一种有效方法。     

HLA-identical sibling peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in children and adolescents.

Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) was performed in children and adolescents for the treatment of malignant (n = 49) and nonmalignant hematological disease (n = 8). Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized PBSCs were apheresed from 57 HLA-matched siblings aged 9 months to 24 years (median, 8 years) without any serious adverse, effects. No abnormalities were found in these donors for a median follow-up of 25 months (range, 6-56 months). Patients were conditioned with a TBI-containing regimen (n = 17) or a non-TBI regimen (n = 40). GVHD prophylaxis consisted of methotrexate (MTX) plus cyclosporine A (CSP) for 23 patients, CSP plus methylprednisolone (mPDN) for 22 patients, MTX only for 7 patients, CSP only for 4 patients, and MTX plus CSP plus mPDN for 1 patient. Engraftment was prompt, with a median number of days to reach an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) above 0.5 x 10(9)/L of 13 days (range, 8-23 days), with 1 graft failure. Acute GVHD (grades II-IV) occurred in 8 (16%) of 49 evaluable patients, and chronic GVHD developed in 23 (64%) of 36 evaluable patients. Notably, two thirds of chronic GVHD was extensive. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of 3-year disease-free survival was 0% for refractory disease (n = 6), 37.2% +/- 11.8% for high-risk malignancies (n = 25), 81.4% +/- 9.7% for standard-risk malignancies (n = 18), and 100% for nonmalignant disease (n = 8). The estimated 100-day nonrelapse mortality rate was 9.9% +/- 4.2%. In conclusion, allogeneic PBSCT is feasible in a pediatric population. Although the grade of acute GVHD was set low, as in Japanese BMT studies, the incidence and severity of chronic GVHD appears to be relatively high. For nonmalignant disease, the question arises of whether the higher incidence and severity of chronic GVHD is a drawback of this procedure. For high-risk malignancies, whether or not a graft-versus-leukemia effect prevents relapse needs to be clarified in future comparative studies with BMT.     

Equivalent survival for sibling and unrelated donor allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia.

Recent studies have shown comparable survival outcomes for unrelated donor (URD) stem cell transplantation in chronic myelogenous leukemia compared to sibling donors. We compared outcomes for 105 patients aged 16 to 59 years undergoing URD transplants for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who were reported to the Australasian Bone Marrow Transplant Recipient Registry between 1992 and 2002, and a strictly selected matching set of 105 HLA-matched sibling donor (MSD) transplants. There was no significant difference between URD and MSD controls in the distributions of time from diagnosis to transplant, donor-recipient sex match, prior therapies, donor age, or performance status. The median follow-up of live URD patients was 4.4 years and for live MSD controls was 6.3 years. There were 18 good risk (complete remission [CR]1) and 87 poor risk (>CR1) recipients in both URD and sibling groups. Five-year disease-free survival (DFS) was not significantly different for good-risk URD and sibling donor recipients (62% versus 40%, P = .2), or poor-risk URD and sibling recipients (21% versus 25%, P = .2). In a stratified multivariate Cox regression model, the independent adverse risk factors for DFS were recipient cytomegalovirus positivity (P = .01) and the interaction of URD and earlier year of transplant (P = .006). Both neutrophil and platelet engraftment were significantly more rapid in the sibling group, but transplant-related mortality at 100 days was not significantly different. There was no difference in the cumulative incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease grade II or above at 100 days. Relapse occurred in 28% of good risk URD subjects and 16% of siblings (P = .3), and in poor risk subjects 39% and 29%, respectively (P = .2). Based on this data, URD allografts should be considered in AML patients without a matched sibling donor. This study provides a rationale for a larger prospective study of risk factors in allogeneic transplantation for AML and a guide on the subset of patients who may most benefit from an unrelated donor allograft in AML.     

Impact of donor and recipient sex and parity on outcomes of HLA-identical sibling allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) may cure patients with hematologic malignancies, but it carries significant risks. Careful donor selection is an important component of the clinical transplantation decision-making process and includes evaluation of HLA typing and other criteria, the most controversial of which is parity. We examined the effect of donor sex and parity on outcomes of HLA-identical sibling SCT. Because the effect of recipient sex/parity has never been explicitly evaluated, we also analyzed the effect of recipient sex/parity on outcomes of transplantation. We found that (1) parous female donors result in an increased risk of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in all recipients, (2) the magnitude of this increased risk is similar in male and female recipients, and (3) nulliparous female donors increase the risk of chronic GVHD in male recipients to a degree comparable to that from parous donors. A decrease in the risk of relapse was not observed, and there was no effect on overall survival, acute GVHD, or transplant-related mortality. Recipient parity had no independent effect on any endpoint. Until the effects of pregnancy on the maternal immune system are better understood, it is appropriate whenever possible to avoid parous female donors and to choose male donors for male recipients in HLA-identical related donor SCT.     

Randomized trial of allogeneic related bone marrow transplantation versus peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia.

Seventy-two chronic myeloid leukemia patients were enrolled as part of a larger randomized trial at 3 centers between March 1996 and July 2001 to undergo either HLA-matched related allogeneic bone marrow (BM) or filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor)-mobilized peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation. Forty patients received BM, and 32 patients received PBSCs. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), overall survival, disease-free survival, or non-relapse-related mortality between patients receiving BM or PBSC transplants. The cumulative incidence of grade II to IV acute GVHD was 49% in BM and 55% in PBSC recipients ( P = .48). The cumulative incidence of clinical extensive chronic GVHD was 50% in BM and 59% in PBSC recipients ( P = .46). Among 62 chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia patients, there was no significant difference in overall survival (87% versus 81%; P = .59), disease-free survival (80% versus 81%; P = .61), or non-relapse-related mortality (13% versus 19%; P = .60) by cell source (BM versus PBSCs). Among chronic phase patients, however, there was a trend toward a higher cumulative incidence of relapse at 3 years in BM recipients (7% versus 0%; P = .10) and a higher cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD in PBSC recipients (59% versus 40%; P = .11). The trend toward a higher relapse incidence in BM recipients persisted with a longer follow-up.     

异基因外周血干细胞移植后的心膈角髓肉瘤

背景：异基因造血干细胞移植是治愈白血病的主要方法,但经过异基因造血干细胞移植的患者仍面临着复发的风险,髓肉瘤为一种罕见的髓外复发方式,且临床疗效差,因此了解髓肉瘤的特点及治疗方法十分必要。 目的：分析异基因外周血干细胞移植后髓肉瘤的临床特点及治疗方法。 方法：异基因外周血干细胞移植后并发心膈角髓肉瘤患者1例,先后予手术切除肿块、化疗、放疗等联合方法治疗,观察临床疗效及相关并发症和生存情况。 结果与结论：患者在2个疗程的化疗过程中出现了败血症、真菌性肺炎及感染性休克等并发症,之后接受了纵隔放疗,髓肉瘤未再复发。无病生存25个月后出现中枢神经系统白血病。造血干细胞移植后髓肉瘤罕见且临床表现多变,主要依靠病理组织学和免疫组化检查确诊。可采用手术、化疗、放疗、二次移植和分子靶向治疗等方法,但个体化的治疗方案仍需进一步探讨。     

异基因外周血造血干细胞移植治疗白血病*

背景：异基因外周血造血干细胞移植是治疗白血病的有效手段。 目的：比较血缘与非血缘供者异基因外周血造血干细胞移植治疗白血病的造血重建、免疫重建、感染、移植物抗宿主病及疗效。 方法：选择接受异基因外周血造血干细胞移植治疗的白血病患者45例,其中30例患者接受血缘供者造血干细胞移植(血缘组),15例患者接受非血缘供者造血干细胞移植(非血缘组)。 结果与结论：①造血重建：血缘组白细胞和血小板重建时间均快于非血缘组(P < 0.05)。在移植后30~40 d植活证据指标测定提示异体造血干细胞在受者体内完全植活。②T细胞重建：两组移植后各时间点T细胞重建差异无显著性意义。③感染发生率：两组移植后早期感染发生率,急、慢性移植物抗宿主病发生率差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。④白血病复发：两组移植后复发率差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。⑤无病生存：两组移植后2年无病生存率差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。表明血缘供者异基因外周血造血干细胞移植后的造血重建较非血缘供者迅速,但两者间移植后T细胞重建、感染发生率、移植物抗宿主病及无病生存并无差异。      

Disturbance of pro-oxidative/antioxidative balance in allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation

High dose chemotherapy causes increased free radical formation and depletion of tissue antioxidants. Whether allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has an effect on oxidative stress is uncertain. The aims of the study were to determine the effect of allogeneic HSCT on plasma concentrations of antioxidants and oxidative stress biomarkers, and to investigate their relationships with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), conditioning regimens, and transplant-related mortality (TRM) in patients with hematological malignancies. Patients (n=25) undergoing allogeneic HSCT from HLA-matched sibling donors were enrolled in the study. Plasma oxidant and antioxidant status were measured at day -1 before transplantation and 30 days after HSCT. In both myeloablative (n=14) and non-myeloablative (n=11) transplant groups, the mean levels of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) increased after allogeneic HSCT (p <0.01), whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) activities decreased compared with baseline values (p <0.01). No significant relationships were found between either the pretransplant or post-transplant mean levels of the oxidative stress parameters and the existence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the type of conditioning regimen, or transplant related mortality (TRM). This study documents a significant disturbance of pro-oxidative/antioxidative balance in the plasma of patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT regardless of the intensity of the conditioning regimen.     

Invasive mold infections in acute leukemia patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Background/purposePatients with acute leukemia undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) are exposed to high risk of developing invasive fungal infections, and the invasive mold infections (IMIs) are becoming more and more common after transplantation. Here, we conducted a retrospective study to analyze demographics, microbiology, and risk factors for IMIs development in adult acute leukemia patients undergoing allo-HSCT.MethodsWe reviewed 245 adult acute leukemia patients undergoing allo-HSCT from January 2003 to December 2014. Clinical characteristics including age, sex, conditioning regimens, European Group for Blood and Bone marrow Transplantation (EBMT) risk score, and presence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) or chronic GVHD (cGVHD) were collected and analyzed. Cox proportional hazard model was adopted to explore the independent risk factors for IMIs developments.ResultsSeventeen of 245 patients developed IMIs during the study period. The cumulative incidence of IMIs in this cohort was 8.7% and 16.8% at 6 and 12 months, respectively, with Aspergillus species being the most common pathogen. The significant risk factors predicting IMIs were unrelated donor transplantation (hazard ratio [HR] 5.11), smoking (HR 3.55), EBMT risk score > 2 (HR 4.22), and moderate to severe cGVHD (HR 3.76).ConclusionsWe identified four risk factors-unrelated donor transplantation, smoking, EBMT risk score >2 and moderate to severe cGVHD to predict IMIs among acute leukemia patients undergoing allo-HSCT. This cohort study suggests early identification of high-risk patients and to provide better prevention strategies would reduce the incidence and severity of IMIs in these patients.     

自体外周血干细胞移植治疗周围神经损伤

背景：关于神经干细胞对周围神经损伤的治疗已有多篇报道,但外周血干细胞对周围神经损伤治疗鲜有报道。 目的：探讨自体外周血干细胞移植治疗周围神经损伤使失神经骨骼肌重获神经再支配的临床应用。 方法：应用外周血干细胞治疗周围神经损伤6例,同时与周围神经损伤单纯行神经断端吻合或神经移植10例比较。2组患者术后常规肌注鼠神经生长因子一两个疗程,同时给予针灸、理疗、经皮电刺激治疗及功能康复训练。 结果与结论：两组患者随访均超过6个月。干细胞移植组运动神经传导速度和感觉神经传导速度的恢复率要明显高于单纯神经吻合组。提示周围神经损伤后给予修复局部用外周血干细胞移植能够使远端失神经骨骼肌早期重新获得神经再支配。