改性阻燃型聚氨酯泡沫填缝剂制备

利用三聚氰胺对聚醚多元醇进行接枝改性,成功制备了改性聚氨酯泡沫填缝剂,以解决目前聚氨酯泡沫填缝剂阻燃性能不稳定问题。探索了改性三聚氰胺加入量和异氰酸根与羟基比例对聚氨酯泡沫阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,聚醚多元醇中改性三聚氰胺加入量为4%,异氰酸根与羟基摩尔比例为4.3,得到的改性聚氨酯泡沫填缝剂氧指数为29.8,拉伸粘结强度为285k Pa,阻燃性能高于现有阻燃型聚氨酯泡沫填缝剂。     

三聚氰胺及其衍生物在聚氨酯阻燃保温泡沫中的应用

简要介绍了三聚氰胺的物化性能,重点阐述了三聚氰胺、改性三聚氰胺在聚氨酯阻燃保温泡沫制备中的应用,并提出展望。     

乙二醇醚化改性三聚氰胺树脂对软质聚氨酯吸音泡沫性能的影响

用乙二醇醚化改性三聚氰胺合成了分子结构中含有三嗪环的羟基封端改性剂乙二醇醚化三聚氰胺(EGEMF),制备了软质聚氨酯泡沫材料。发现当w(EGEMF) 8%时,能有效地改善聚氨酯泡沫材料的吸声性能、力学性能及耐热阻燃性能。     

硬泡阻燃聚醚多元醇的合成及应用

通过Mannich反应,以三聚氰胺、甲醛、二乙醇胺等为原料,合成了三聚氰胺基阻燃聚醚多元醇。探讨了温度对反应的影响,得出了最佳合成反应温度。同时将该三聚氰胺基阻燃聚醚多元醇在硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料中进行了应用,制得的硬质聚氨酯泡沫具有良好的阻燃性能,氧指数高达30%以上。利用该三聚氰胺基阻燃聚醚多元醇制得的硬质聚氨酯泡沫强度高、导热系数低和吸水率低,在建筑保温方面具有良好的应用前景。     

三聚氰胺聚醚的合成及其制备的全水型聚氨酯硬泡性能

以低聚合度的三聚氰胺–甲醛树脂为起始剂制备三聚氰胺聚醚,并与通用聚醚进行对比发泡实验。三聚氰胺聚醚制备的全水型聚氨酯硬泡具有极好的结构性和阻燃性,良好的泡孔结构也使材料导热性优于通用聚醚制备的泡沫。     

聚酰亚胺泡沫材料吸声性能对比研究

通过阻抗管法研究了聚酰亚胺(PI)、三聚氰胺(MFF)和聚氨酯(PU)3种泡沫材料对声音的吸收特性。结果表明:与MFF和PU泡沫材料相比,PI泡沫材料具有优异的吸声降噪性能;随着材料密度的增大,3种泡沫的吸声降噪性能都有相应提高。     

我国三聚氰胺泡沫塑料标准或将完善

<正>三聚氰胺泡沫经高温发泡制成,无残存游离甲醛,具有良好的隔热性、阻燃性、吸音降噪、安全卫生、机械加工等性能。与其他塑料泡沫相比,具有明显优势,有望替代聚苯乙烯、聚氨酯等泡沫塑料,市场潜力巨     

三聚氰胺结构型阻燃聚氨酯的合成及性能研究

采用化学接枝法设计制备出羟甲基三聚氰胺多元醇,通过与聚氨酯预聚体原位缩聚,使三聚氰胺以化学键合形式均匀分散在聚氨酯预聚体中制备结构型三聚氰胺/聚氨酯复合材料。采用FTIR表征三聚氰胺的接枝过程,SEM表征复合材料的断面形貌,考察了结构型三聚氰胺/聚氨酯复合材料的力学和阻燃性能。结果表明:结构型三聚氰胺/聚氨酯复合材料的力学性能、阻燃性能都有显著提高。相比于添加型三聚氰胺/聚氨酯复合材料,结构型三聚氰胺/聚氨酯复合材料对力学恶化的影响较小;填充量10wt%时结构型复合材料的氧指数即达到了33.5,并满足UL94 V-0级别。     

聚脲多元醇对聚氨酯泡沫阻燃性的影响

使用含氮结构型阻燃聚脲多元醇和阻燃剂对聚氨酯高回弹泡沫的阻燃性进行研究,考察了配方中聚脲多元醇用量及阻燃剂品种对泡沫烟密度及氧指数的影响。研究结果表明,聚脲多元醇具有显著的抑烟作用,与三聚氰胺、阻燃剂R一起使用时,协同阻燃效应明显,不仅能有效降低泡沫燃烧时的发烟量,还能显著提高泡沫的氧指数。     

蜜氨基聚脲多元醇对聚氨酯泡沫性能的影响

以自制蜜氨基聚脲多元醇为主要原料制备高回弹聚氨酯软泡,研究蜜氨基聚脲多元醇对泡沫的开孔率、密度、回弹率、压陷硬度、水平燃烧速率和氧指数等方面的影响。三聚氰胺聚脲多元醇为其泡沫提供了优良的泡沫压陷硬度和阻燃性。玻璃化温度和热解温度测试值表明蜜氨基聚脲多元醇为其泡沫提供了优异的热稳定性。     

Mechanism of smoke suppression by melamine in rigid polyurethane foam

The smoke suppression of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) modified by melamine was investigated based on three sections: the condensed phase, the carbon layer, and the gas phase. In the condensed phase, the results of thermogravimetry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) N1S spectrum, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that melamine could suppress the degradation of RPUF by reacting with the aromatic hydrocarbons. It also reduced the smoke generation because the volatilizable aromatic hydrocarbons were the principal smoke precursors in a fire. In the carbon layer, the decrease from 38.50% to 24.76% of the inner layer oxygen content identified by XPS full‐spectrum and C1S spectrum indicated that melamine could prevent oxygen from transferring into the inner foam by the formation of an enhanced surface carbon layer, and the enhanced carbon layer could also block the release of smoke precursors. In the gas phase, the content of total aromatic hydrocarbons declined to 59.12% according to pyrolysis gaseous chromatography mass spectroscopy and indicated that melamine could reduce the smoke precursors. The results of smoke density chamber and cone calorimeter tests revealed that the addition of the melamine could decrease the smoke density of burning RPUF. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三聚氰胺对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的阻燃与消烟作用

硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料广泛用于高层建筑的外保温,但由于它易燃且放出有毒气体而对人体和环境造成危害。研究了三聚氰胺对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的阻燃及消烟作用。     

改性条件对阻燃型硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料性能的影响

选择阻燃剂三聚氰胺和甲基磷酸二甲酯（DMMP）对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料进行阻燃改性,研究了异氰酸酯指数、水、三聚氰胺以及DMMP添加量对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料阻燃性能和拉伸强度的影响主次顺序。结果表明,添加三聚氰胺和DMMP可以提高硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的阻燃性能,当三聚氰胺的添加量为25份、DMMP的添加量为25份、异氰酸酯指数为1.15、水添加量为1.5份时,硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的综合性能最佳。     

Communication: High-performance liquid chromatography to identify melamine in order to differentiate between combustion modified and traditional polyurethane foam

A high-performance liquid chromatography method is described for the identification and quantification of melamine in polyurethane foam. A trial of this method has been undertaken and the results show a correlation between the presence of combustion-modifying chemicals in the polyurethane foam and its compliance with the Furniture and Furnishings (Fire) (Safety) Regulations 1988. This method provides a rapid means of screening materials and supplements the British Standard flame test.     

三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐阻燃聚氨酯硬泡

将三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐(MCA)作为阻燃剂,采用一步全水发泡法,制备一系列硬质聚氨酯泡沫/三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐复合材料(RPUF/MCA),采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TG)、极限氧指数(LOI)、UL-94垂直燃烧、烟密度测试、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)及拉曼光谱表征,研究了MCA对硬质聚氨酯泡沫(RPUF)泡孔结构、热稳定性、阻燃性及燃烧烟气密度的影响。研究表明,MCA能够显著提高RPUF/MCA的阻燃性能,30份的MCA使RPUF/MCA30达到UL-94 V-1级别,极限氧指数达到22.0%。热重测试结果表明,MCA的添加使成炭率降低;同时发现,MCA的添加降低了RPUF/MCA泡沫复合材料的初始热分解温度和复合材料的燃烧烟气密度,有效地提高了复合材料火灾安全性能。     

Effect of flame-retardant melamine and dispersants on the mechanical,thermal, and foaming properties of flexible polyurethane foam

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of adding flame-retardant melamine and five different dispersants on the precipitation, foaming, mechanical, and thermal properties of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF). Precipitation experiments were conducted to analyze the effect of dispersant on the separation of flame retardant and polyol, and the foaming characteristics of polyurethane (PU) foam after adding dispersant were analyzed. The effect of adding a dispersant on mechanical strength was characterized by measuring tensile strength, tearing strength, and hardness, and scanning electron microscopy analysis was performed to analyze morphological characteristics. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to analyze the thermal properties of PU foam. A horizontal flame test, limiting oxygen index test, and cone calorimeter tests were conducted to examine the flame retardancy of PU foam with flame retardant melamine and dispersant added. The dispersant ANTI-TERRA-U is a solution of a salt of unsaturated polyamine amides and low-molecular acidic polyesters. And, the dispersant BYK-220S is a solution of a low molecular weight, unsaturated acidic polycarboxylic acid polyester with a polysiloxane copolymer. The dispersants ANTI-TERRA-U and BYK-220S improved the density, tensile strength, tear strength, and hardness of FPUF. TGA of the top and bottom portions of the foam showed less weight difference for samples containing dispersants, indicating better homogeneity due to improved dispersibility. Therefore, we conclude that dispersants are beneficial additives to improve the mechanical properties and dispersibility of PU foam.     

氨基树脂改性聚醚多元醇的合成及残留甲醛的去除

以三聚氰胺、尿素、甲醛溶液、高活性聚醚多元醇为原料合成了氨基树脂改性聚醚多元醇。讨论了甲醛、三聚氰胺投料比对改性聚醚多元醇稳定性的影响,确定了减压脱除甲醛的最佳条件,对比了不同甲醛去除剂的除醛效果,并考察了改性聚醚多元醇的阻燃效果。结果表明,当甲醛与三聚氰胺投料摩尔比确定为4．5时,合成的改性聚醚多元醇稳定性最好;改性聚醚多元醇减压脱醛温度控制为100～120℃,时间为8h,可达到最佳脱醛效果;结合减压脱醛处理,再先后用氧化剂、甲醛捕捉剂和光触媒的分别处理可将制成高回弹聚氨酯泡沫的甲醛量降低至16mg／kg;以改性聚醚多元醇制成的高回弹聚氨酯泡沫氧指数达到27％,最大烟密度值为4．11。     

丙烯酸酯改性交联型水性聚氨酯胶黏剂

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇(PBA)为主要原料、三聚氰胺为交联剂,合成了双键封端的交联型水性聚氨酯,再经过原位聚合制备了丙烯酸酯改性水性聚氨酯胶黏剂。利用FTIR、XRD、DLS、DTA、电子拉力机、邵氏硬度计等对材料结构与性能进行了表征。通过调节水性聚氨酯与丙烯酸酯的质量比、三聚氰胺的添加量,对产品性能进行了优化。结果表明,当水性聚氨酯与丙烯酸酯质量比为6∶4、三聚氰胺占水性聚氨酯质量为0.53%时,胶黏剂发生5%质量分数的降解温度可达到312℃,吸水率仅为4.69%,T-型剥离强度为5.3 kN/m。