结直肠癌术后早期炎性肠梗阻的相关危险因素

目的:探讨结直肠癌术后早期炎性肠梗阻的发生及预防策略.方法:回顾性分析120例结直肠癌术后早期炎性肠梗阻患者的临床资料,对其发生的相关危险素进行单素及多素分析.结果:早期炎性肠梗阻与年龄(P=0.023)、手术方式(P=0.008)、腹部手术史(P=0.002)、肠道准备情况(P<0.001)、术中防粘连剂使用(P=0.006)、手术时间(P=0.042)有关;开腹手术(P=0.024)、有腹部手术史(P=0.034)及术前未行肠道准备(P=0.006)是结直肠癌术后早期炎性肠梗阻发生的独立危险素.结论:开腹手术、有腹部手术史及术前未行肠道准备是结直肠癌术后早期炎性肠梗阻发病的独立危险素.     

腹股沟疝无张力修补术后并发肠粘连的危险因素探讨

探讨腹股沟疝无张力修补术后并发肠粘连的危险因素。回顾性分析2015年4月至2017年12月本院收治的319例行无张力修补术腹股沟疝患者的临床资料,根据术后是否发生肠粘连情况分为粘连组与未粘连组。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析法分析影响术后并发肠粘连的危险因素。术后随访6～18个月,23例发生肠粘连,发生率为7.21%。单因素分析结果显示,年龄≥60岁、腹部手术史、疝内容物为小肠或大网膜、高分子材料补片及术后卧床时间24 h与术后并发肠粘连有关(P0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示以上因素均是术后并发肠粘连的独立危险因素(OR=3.313、3.473、3.442、2.680、3.557,P0.05)。老年、腹部手术史、疝内容物为小肠或大网膜、高分子材料补片及术后卧床时间24 h是腹股沟疝无张力修补术后并发肠粘连的危险因素,对此类患者应重点关注,积极预防。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌手术患者发生肠梗阻的相关因素研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌手术患者发生肠梗阻的相关因素,为其临床研究提供依据。方法:采用回顾性研究方法共纳入260例行腹腔镜结直肠癌手术的患者作为研究对象,详细记录其相关信息,根据术后是否发生肠梗阻分为肠梗阻组与未肠梗阻组,筛选出影响肠梗阻发生的相关因素,应用logistic回归分析进行肠梗阻多因素回归分析。结果:260例结直肠癌患者中18例术后30 d内出现肠梗阻,发生率为6.9%。肿瘤大小、部位、TNM分期、分化程度、中转开腹、腹部手术史及手术时间与肠梗阻的发生存在相关性,两组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。中转开腹、手术时间延长、结肠近端、T2-4及N1-3是腹腔镜结直肠癌术后肠梗阻发生的独立危险因素,而Ⅰ级是腹腔镜结直肠癌术后肠梗阻发生的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论:多种因素影响腹腔镜结直肠癌术后肠梗阻的发生,中转开腹、手术时间延长、结肠近端、T2~4及N1~3是独立危险因素,而Ⅰ级是保护因素。在临床实际中应对上述危险因素引起重视,更好地选择手术方式,减少手术时间,避免肠梗阻的发生。     

腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除及尿流改道术后肠梗阻原因分析(附116例报道)

目的:探讨腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除及尿流改道术后发生肠梗阻的相关危险因素。方法:回顾分析我院2012年1月~2016年7月期间行腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除+尿流改道术116例患者的临床特征与术后肠梗阻之间的相关性。结果:14例(12.1%)患者术后发生肠梗阻,与无肠梗阻患者比较,肠梗阻患者年龄较大(均值73.07岁vs.67.68岁,P=0.045),体重指数(BMI)偏大(均值24.95kg/m~2 vs.23.68kg/m~2,P=0.006),有腹部手术史患者肠梗阻发生率更高[50%(7/14)vs.19.6%(20/102),P=0.029];术后肠梗阻与性别、术前血红蛋白及血肌酐、手术时间、术中失血量、淋巴结清扫、尿流改道方式、术后白蛋白、血电解质、肿瘤病理分期等因素均无相关性;多因素回归分析显示年龄(OR=0.900,95%CI 0.828~0.978,P=0.013)、BMI(OR=0.441,95%CI0.271~0.717,P=0.001)、腹部手术史(OR=10.206,95%CI 2.320~44.905,P=0.002)与术后肠梗阻的发生具有相关性。结论:腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除及尿流改道术后肠梗阻的发生与年龄、BMI、腹部手术史显著相关,高龄和肥胖患者术后发生肠梗阻的危险性增加,且有腹部手术史者肠梗阻发生率更高。     

不同手术时机腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的疗效及中转开腹影响因素研究

目的探讨不同手术时机腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的疗效及中转开腹的影响因素。方法回顾性分析120例急性结石性胆囊炎患者的临床资料,根据LC手术时机的不同,将症状出现48小时内者、症状出现48小时后手术者分别纳入早期组(n=67)、晚期组(n=53),比较不同组别患者围手术期相关指标,并对中转开腹的影响因素进行统计学分析。结果早期组患者手术时间及术中出血量均明显少于晚期组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2组中转开腹率及并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。单因素分析显示,年龄≥65岁、体温≥38.5℃、WBC计数≥15×109/L、腹肌紧张、有上腹部手术史、结石嵌顿、胆囊壁厚度≥5mm是LC术中转开腹的影响因素(P0.05);经Logistic多元逐步回归分析,年龄、白细胞计数、胆囊壁厚度均为影响LC术中转开腹影响的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论急性结石性胆囊炎早期进行LC术(发病48h内)具有手术时间短、术中出血量少的优势,年龄、白细胞计数、胆囊壁厚度均为影响LC术中转开腹的独立危险因素。     

腹部手术后深静脉血栓高危因素分析

目的分析腹部手术患者术后静脉血栓形成(deep vein thrombosis,DVT)的影响因素。方法选取2010年1月~2016年6月我院行腹部手术的986例患者,其中行开腹手术579例(58.72%),腹腔镜手术407例(41.28%)。术后发生DVT 138例,对可能影响DVT发生的相关因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果单因素分析显示,性别与糖尿病史与患者DVT的发生无关(P0.05),年龄(P=0.000)、手术方式(P=0.034)、体重指数(P=0.027)、手术时间(P=0.000)、术中出血量(P=0.037)、术后排气时间(P=0.000)、高血压病史(P=0.000)、冠心病史(P=0.031)对腹部手术患者术后DVT发生有着显著影响。Logistics多元回归分析显示,年龄、手术方式、手术时间、术中出血量以及冠心病病史均为DVT发生的独立风险因素。结论腹部手术患者术后DVT发生与诸多因素相关,其中年龄、手术方式、手术时间、术中出血量以及冠心病病史作为其独立危险因素,值得临床重点关注。     

双镜联合治疗腹部手术史胆囊并胆总管结石的近期随访分析

目的探讨和分析腹腔镜与胆道镜双镜联合治疗腹部手术史胆囊并胆总管结石的近期随访状况。方法回顾性分析2017年7月至2020年6月具有腹部手术史的胆囊合并胆总管结石患者80例。其中20例予以传统开腹手术治疗(开腹组),60例患者予以腹腔镜与胆道镜双镜联合治疗(双镜组)。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学分析,两组患者术中术后各项指标、术后止痛针使用次数等以■表示,采用独立样本t检验;两组患者治疗效果采用做秩和检验,术后近期并发症的发生率采用χ~2检验。P0.05,差异有统计学意义。结果双镜组患者手术时间和治疗有效率大于开腹组(P0.05),但术中出血量、术后止痛针使用次数、引流管留置时间、排气时间、肠道功能恢复时间、住院时间及胆管出血、胆漏、切口感染、腹腔感染、胰腺炎等近期并发症的发生率均明显低于开腹组(P0.05)。结论双镜联合治疗腹部手术史胆囊并胆总管结石具有良好的治疗效果,可显著降低近期并发症发生率。     

腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌腹会阴联合切除术后并发症比较

探讨腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌腹会阴联合切除(APR)术后并发症发生状况。将2012年2月—2013年1月行直肠癌APR手术的78例患者分为腹腔镜组(47例)和开腹组(31例),比较2组患者在术后切口疼痛耐受率、会阴部切口感染发生率、肠道功能恢复时间、骶前引流量和肠梗阻发生率等方面的差异。腹腔镜组较开腹组在会阴部切口感染发生率、肠道功能恢复时间、骶前引流量方面差异无统计学意义(P0.05);在术后切口疼痛耐受率及肠梗阻发生率方面,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。腹腔镜直肠癌APR术后肠梗阻的发生率与术中未关闭盆底腹膜密切相关;患者对切口疼痛的耐受性明显高于开腹手术。     

肩肘外科手术后并发上消化道出血的临床分析

目的分析肩肘外科手术后并发上消化道出血的临床特点,并分析其危险因素。 方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2015年12月于北京大学人民医院行肩肘外科手术治疗后并发上消化道出血患者的临床资料,总结其临床特点,分析引起上消化道出血的危险因素。 结果肩肘外科术后发生上消化道出血共33例,发生率为3.36%（33/983）;单因素分析显示高龄、性别、手术时间长、吸烟史、饮酒史、消化性溃疡或出血史、应用抗凝药物或抗血小板药物等因素与肩肘外科手术患者术后发生上消化道出血明显相关（P <0.05）;非条件多因素Logistic分析结果显示高龄、性别、手术时间长、消化性溃疡或出血史、应用抗凝药物或抗血小板药物是肩肘外科手术患者术后发生上消化道出血的独立危险因素（P <0.05）。 结论肩肘外科手术患者术后发生上消化道出血较为少见,高龄、性别、手术时间长、消化性溃疡或出血史、应用抗凝药物或抗血小板药物是肩肘外科手术患者术后发生上消化道出血的独立危险因素。     

腹腔镜肠粘连松解术治疗术后粘连性肠梗阻临床研究

目的 总结腹腔镜肠粘连松解术治疗术后粘连性肠梗阻的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析2019-12—2022-06济源市人民医院行肠粘连松解术的61例术后粘连性肠梗阻患者的临床资料。根据手术方法分为开腹组(30例)和腔镜组(31例)。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量和术后患者的肠蠕动恢复时间、腹痛缓解时间、下床活动时间、住院时间、并发症发生率。统计术后随访12个月期间的复发率。结果 腔镜组患者的手术时间、术中出血量,以及术后肠蠕动恢复时间、腹痛缓解时间、下床活动时间、住院时间和并发症发生率均短(少)于开腹组,术后随访期间的复发率低于开腹组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 与开腹肠粘连松解术比较,腹腔镜肠粘连松解术具有手术创伤小、患者术后恢复快,以及并发症发生率和复发率低的优势。     

Paralytischer Ileus nach Ileumaugmentation beim querschnittgelähmten Patienten

A paralytic ileus is a typical complication of ileocystoplasty of the bladder. In patients with a spinal cord injury, this risk is higher due to a preexisting neurogenic bowel dysfunction. We present the case of a paraplegic man who developed a massive paralytic ileus after ileocystoplasty and surgical revision. Conventional stimulation of bowel function was unsuccessful; only by an adjunctive homeopathic treatment was normalization of bowel function achieved. Adjunctive homeopathic therapy is a promising treatment option in patients with complex bowel dysfunction after abdominal surgery who do not adequately respond to conventional treatment.     

骨科清洁切口手术部位感染的危险因素分析

目的 分析骨科清洁切口手术部位感染（SSI）的危险因素,总结降低骨科清洁切口SSI发病率的经验。方法 对某医院2015年6月-2016年12月实施骨科清洁手术的患者进行SSI监测,结合国内外文献中常见骨科术后SSI高危因素：患者高龄、ASA评分高、传统备皮方法、手术时间长、手术类型复杂、不合理使用抗菌药物、留置引流管等进行统计并行单因素卡方检验,筛选出阳性危险因素,对阳性危险因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 共监测患者792例,发生SSI 17例,SSI发病率为2.15%。单因素分析结果显示,患者高龄、ASA评分Ⅱ级及以上、传统备皮方法、手术时间长、手术类型复杂、不合理使用抗菌药物是骨科清洁切口SSI相关阳性危险因素（均P<0.05）。患者性别、手术医生（主刀）的级别和操作技巧、留置引流管与术后SSI无相关性。多因素logistic分析结果显示：患者ASA评分Ⅱ级及以上、传统备皮法、手术时间＞3h会增加骨科清洁手术后SSI的风险,其中手术时间＞3h导致的SSI风险最高（OR: 4.08, 95%CI: 1.36-12.35）,其次是患者ASA评分Ⅱ级及以上（OR: 3.46,95%CI：1.98-21.12）,而传统备皮法在所有阳性危险因素中风险最小（OR:2.97,95%CI：1.08-14.71）。结论 患者ASA评分Ⅱ级及以上、传统备皮法、手术时间＞3h会增加骨科清洁手术后SSI的风险,医务人员应充分认识和了解这些危险因素,在围手术期最大可能地优化各项可调控因素,最大限度地降低骨科清洁切口SSI的发生率。     

小肠梗阻术后感染性并发症危险因素分析

目的 讨论小肠梗阻术后感染性并发症的危险因素,以减少术后感染.方法 回顾分析2006年1月-2012年12月于首都医科大学宣武医院接受手术治疗的154例小肠梗阻患者的临床资料.Logistic回归分析术后感染性并发症的独立危险因素.结果 154例小肠梗阻患者接受手术治疗,术后感染率27.9％.回归分析发现,患者年龄（≥65岁）（OR 6.71,95％ CI3.15 ～ 16.33）、术中肠管破裂（OR2.71,95％CI1.19～7.25）、延迟（≥72 h）手术（OR 11.33,95％ CI 4.62 ～ 20.20）及手术时间（≥180 min）（OR 2.90,95％CI 1.26 ～9.83）是影响感染性并发症发生的危险因素.结论 术后感染是小肠梗阻术后的常见并发症.早期手术、术中轻柔操作防止肠管破裂可能是减少术后感染的有效措施.     

Factors associated with the resolution of postoperative ileus in newborn infants

Reliable indicators of ileus resolution following laparotomy have not been identified in newborn infants. The purpose of this study was to correlate commonly available clinical parameters with the resolution of postoperative ileus in newborn infants after abdominal procedures. The presentation, treatment, and postoperative abdominal examination of 60 consecutive newborn infants who underwent a heterogeneous group of primary abdominal operations were evaluated. No significant association was observed between the time to first bowel movement (resolution of ileus) and age, postconceptual age, weight, degree of intraabdominal contamination, duration of surgery, type of operative procedure, presence or absence of abdominal distension, and time to first bowel sounds. Opioid use was associated with a delay in the time to first bowel movement that was not accounted for by the effects of any other variable. Easily obtainable clinical parameters are not universally useful for predicting the duration of ileus in newborn infants after abdominal surgery. The use of opioids is associated with delayed resolution of ileus. Measures to limit the use of opioids may be effective in shortening the duration of postoperative ileus in newborn infants.     

老年患者腹壁切口疝修补术后复发的危险因素探讨及风险列线图模型的建立

目的探讨老年患者腹壁切口疝修补术后复发的危险因素，并建立预测老年患者腹壁切口疝修补术后复发的风险列线图模型。 方法选取2014年1月至2019年12月于南京大学附属鼓楼医院进行诊治的260例行腹壁切口疝修补术老年患者作为研究对象，分析所选患者的临床资料，根据是否复发将所选患者分为复发组和正常组，采用Logistic回归分析筛选老年患者腹壁切口疝修补术后复发的危险因素，并建立老年患者腹壁切口疝修补术后复发的风险列线图模型。 结果260例腹壁切口疝修补术老年患者中术后复发患者36例（13.85%）。单因素分析结果显示，复发组和正常组患者性别、年龄、疝类型、疝部位、补片型号、固定补片、手术类型及饮酒史等资料差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05），而手术时间、医师水平、术后血肿、吸烟史及肥胖等资料差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示，手术时间≥120 min、医师水平、术后血肿、有吸烟史及肥胖等为老年患者腹壁切口疝修补术后复发的独立危险因素（P<0.05），均和老年患者腹壁切口疝修补术后复发高度相关。基于手术时间、医师水平、术后血肿、吸烟史及肥胖等老年患者腹壁切口疝修补术后复发的独立危险因素，建立预测老年患者腹壁切口疝修补术后复发的风险列线图模型，C-index指数为0.775（95% CI：0.728~0.823），预测值与实测值基本一致，说明本列线图的辨别力较好，列线图模型预测老年患者腹壁切口疝修补术后复发的受试者工作特征曲线显示，曲线下面积为0.807，表明本研究列线图的预测价值较高。 结论手术时间≥120 min、医师水平、术后血肿、有吸烟史及肥胖等为老年患者腹壁切口疝修补术后复发的独立危险因素，本研究所建立的列线图有助于预测老年患者腹壁切口疝修补术后复发的发生风险。     

Postoperative Pneumoperitoneum: An Unusual Etiology

Although postoperative pneumoperitoneum is a common finding, it is particularly disturbing when there is an increase in the amount of postoperative pneumoperitoneum or when the radiographic finding of pneumoperitoneum is accompanied by such physical findings as increased abdominal tenderness, peritoneal signs or paralytic ileus. Four patients operated upon at the Mount Sinai Hospital are presented. All patients underwent abdominal surgery for treatment of some form of inflammatory bowel disease and all were receiving systemic corticosteroids in the postoperative period. Abdominal findings of tenderness, ileus and peritoneal irritation developed shortly after the removal of Penrose drains in the postoperative period. Pneumoperitoneum was confirmed by abdominal roentgenographs. The first patient in this group underwent a laparotomy with essentially negative findings other than a freely open drain tract. The subsequent three patients were managed by close observation and frequent abdominal radiographs. These three patients had contrast roentgenographic studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract to rule out perforation of a peptic ulcer, and in the patient upon whom reservoir ileostomy had been performed, a contrast study of the reservoir was performed. All patients recovered fully with this management and there were no sequelae. The mechanism for the appearance of pneumoperitoneum after removal of drains, particularly when the patient is receiving systemic corticosteroids, is discussed. Emphasis is placed on the need to consider and rule out perforation of a hollow viscus in this situation before accepting drain removal as the sole cause of post-operative pneumoperitoneum.     

Failure of epidural anesthesia to prevent postoperative paralytic ileus

This study used radiopaque markers and serial abdominal radiographs to assess the effect of epidural anesthesia on postoperative colonic ileus. Epidural anesthesia did not result in significantly faster return of propulsive motility in the colon after surgery as compared with control (P greater than 0.05). In addition, no significant difference was seen between the groups in colonic transit time and time for the first passage of gas and feces. The level of inhibition of sympathetic efferent nerves to the abdominal cavity was assessed by repeated measurements of blood glucose levels during the first postoperative day. Blood glucose levels were found to be significantly lower in the epidural group, demonstrating an inhibition of efferent sympathetic nerves below the level of T-5. Results show lack of effect of continuous epidural anesthesia in the prevention of postoperative paralytic ileus and suggest that mechanisms other than spinal reflexes play a major part in the development and maintenance of intestinal paralysis.     

腹腔镜手术与传统开放手术治疗老年残余胆囊胆管结石的疗效对比

目的对比分析腹腔镜手术与传统开放手术治疗老年残余胆囊胆管结石的疗效。方法回顾性选取我院2013年5月至2017年5月期间收治的50例经肝胆超声、上腹部磁共振胰胆道成像(MRCP)检查明确为残余胆囊胆管结石患者的临床资料,根据不同手术治疗方法分为腹腔镜组(n=25)和开放组(n=25),统计两组手术基本情况,术前、术后腹痛、腹胀改善情况及术后胃肠道恢复效果。结果腹腔镜组手术时间明显较开放组短,术中失血量显著低于开放组(P0.05),结石清除率为100.00%略高于开放组的92.00%,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后并发症发生率8.00%显著低于开放组的32.00%(P0.05)。术前两组腹痛、腹胀评分比较无明显差异(P0.05),术后12h腹痛、腹胀评分均明显降低,与术前相比差异有统计学意义(PO.05),且腹腔镜组腹痛评分、腹胀评分均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。腹腔镜组术后肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、排便时间及固体食物进食时间均显著较开放组短(P0.05)。结论与传统开放手术相比,腹腔镜手术治疗老年残余胆囊胆管结石可一定程度降低机体因手术操作、老年患者免疫力低导致的术后并发症,显著缓解腹痛、腹胀症状和促进术后胃肠功能恢复。     

Treatment of postoperative paralytic ileus by intravenous lidocaine infusion

The effects of continuous intravenous infusion of lidocaine on postoperative paralytic ileus in cholecystectomized patients was investigated in this double-blind study. An infusion of lidocaine (3 mg/min, n = 15) or an infusion of an equal volume of saline (n = 15) was started 30 min before induction of anesthesia and continued for 24 h after surgery. Postoperative colonic motility was evaluated by radiopaque markers and serial abdominal radiographs. A record was kept of the first passage of gas and feces. Results showed significantly earlier return of propulsive motility in the colon of lidocaine-treated patients. Radiopaque markers in the lidocaine group were propelled significantly earlier from the cecum/ascending colon to the transverse colon (P less than 0.05) and appeared significantly earlier in the descending colon (P less than 0.05) and the rectosigmoid colon (P less than 0.05) than in saline-treated patients. Despite the fact that the mean time for postoperative defecation occurred 17 h earlier in lidocaine-treated patients, differences between the groups were not statistically significant--a fact due, perhaps, to great individual variations in defecation habits. The time to first passage of gas, a variable representative of changes in anorectal or colonic tone rather than propagative motility, also did not differ significantly between the groups. No adverse reactions to lidocaine were reported. The results suggest that continuous intravenous infusion of lidocaine during the first postoperative day shortens the duration of paralytic ileus in the colon after abdominal surgery. Suppression of inhibitory gastrointestinal reflexes by reduction of postoperative peritoneal irritation is suggested as the mechanism of action.