Effect of An Initial Stress on SH-Type GuidedWaves Propagating in a Piezoelectric Layer Bonded on A Piezomagnetic Substrate

Propagation of SH-type guided waves in a layered structure with an invariant initial stress is studied, where a piezoelectric thin layer is perfectly bonded on a piezomagnetic substrate. Both the layer and the substrate possess transversely isotropic property. The dispersion relations of SH waves are obtained for four kinds of different electro-magnetic boundary conditions. The effects of initial stress, thickness ratio and electro-magnetic boundary conditions on the propagation behaviors are analyzed in detail. The numerical results show that: 1) The positive initial stresses make the phase velocity increasing, while the negative initial stresses decrease the phase velocity; 2) The smaller the thickness ratio of a piezoelectric layer to a piezomagnetic substrate, the larger the phase velocity of SH-type guided wave propagating in the corresponding layered structure; 3) The electrical boundary conditions play a dominant role in the propagating characteristics. Moreover the phase velocities for the electrically shorted surface are smaller than that for the open case. The obtained results are useful for understanding and design of the electromagnetic acoustic wave and microwave devices.     

Generalized RayleighWave Dispersion Analysis in a Pre-stressed Elastic Stratified Half-space with Imperfectly Bonded Interfaces

Within the framework of the piecewise homogeneous body model the influence of the shear-spring type imperfect contact conditions on the dispersion relation of the generalized Rayleigh waves in the system consisting of the initially stressed covering layer and initially stressed half plane is investigated. The second version of the small initial deformation theory of the three-dimensional linearized theory of elastic waves in initially stressed bodies is applied and the elasticity relations of the materials of the constituents are described by the Murnaghan potential. The magnitude of the imperfectness of the contact conditions is estimated through the shear-spring type parameter. Consequently, the influence of the imperfectness of the contact conditions on the generalized Rayleigh wave propagation velocity is studied through the influence of the values of this parameter. Numerical results on the action of the imperfectness of the contact conditions and the influence of the initial stresses in the constituents on the wave dispersion curves are presented and discussed. In particular, it is established that the magnitude of action of the imperfectness of the contact conditions under the influence of the initial stresses on the wave propagation velocity cannot be limited with corresponding ones obtained in the case where the contact between the constituents is complete and in the case where this contact is full slipping one. The possible application of the obtained results on the geophysical and geotechnical engineering is also discussed.     

Dispersion of Axisymmetric Longtudinal Waves in a Pre-Strained Imperfectly Bonded Bi-Layered Hollow Cylinder

This paper studies the dispersion of the axisymmetric longitudinal wave propagation in the pre-strained hollow cylinder consisting of two-layers under the shear-spring type imperfectness of the contact conditions between these layers. The investigations are made within the framework of the piecewise homogeneous body model by utilizing the 3D linearized theory of elastic waves in elastic bodies with initial stresses. It is assumed that the layers of the cylinder are made from compressible hyper-elastic materials and their elasticity relations are given through the harmonic potential. The degree of the mentioned imperfectness is estimated by the shear-spring parameter. Numerical results on the influence of this parameter on the behavior of the dispersion curves related to the fundamental mode are presented and discussed. It is established that the considered type imperfectness of the contact conditions causes two branches of the dispersion curve related to the fundamental mode to appear: the first disappears, but the second approaches the dispersion curve obtained for the perfect interface case by decreasing the shear-spring parameter.     

分凝对Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-38%PbTiO3单晶的成分及介电、压电性能的影响

研究了用改进的Bridgman法生长的PMNT62/38单晶在其生长过程中的分凝现象,研究了分凝导致的成分不均匀及其对介电和压电性能的影响.XRFA分析表明,PMNT62/38单晶底部的PbTiO3(PT)含量为x=35.2mol％,而顶部的PT含量为43mol％.底部晶体(001),(110)和(111)三种切型的晶片加电场极化后,其介电和压电性能出现了异常的现象.(110)切型的压电模量最大,为1200pC/N;(111)次之,为789pC/N;(001)最低,为371pC/N.极化后的(110)和(111)晶片在室温、1kHz频率下的相对介电常数(两种切型的εr都在10000左右),约为(001)晶片(ε_r-5000)的1倍,并且介电常数在低温端有上升的趋势.     

分凝对Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-38%PbTiO3单晶的成分及介电、压电性能的影响

研究了用改进的Bridgman法生长的PMNT62／38单晶在其生长过程中的分凝现象，研究了分凝导致的成分不均匀及其对介电和压电性能的影响。XRFA分析表明，PMNT62／38单晶底部的PbTiO3(PT)含量为x=35.2mol%，而顶部的PT含量为43mol%。底部晶体（001），（110）和（111）三种切型的晶片加电场极化后，其介电和压电性能出现了异常的现象。（110）切型的压电模量最大，为1200pC/N；（111）次之，为789pC/N；（001）最低，为371pC/N。极化后的（110）和（111）晶片在室温、1kHz频率下的相对介电常数（两种切型的εr都在10000左右），约为（001）晶片（εr-5000)的1倍，并且介电常数在低温端有上升的趋势。     

四边固支功能梯度板中波的传播

摘要：考虑剪切变形和转动惯性的影响,采用一阶剪切变形板理论和小应变的应变－位移关系,利用Hamilton原理推得运动控制方程,并应用特征值方程得到频散方程。给出了波在功能梯度板中传播的频散,相速度和群速度随波数变化的曲线,分析了不同的功能梯度材料指数对波传播的影响规律。     

Atomistic Modeling of Spall Response in a Single Crystal Aluminum

Materials used in soldier protective structures, such as armor, vehicles and civil infrastructures, are being improved for performance in extreme dynamic environments. Accordingly, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the spall response in a single crystal aluminum atom system. A planar 9.6 picoseconds (ps) shock pulse was generated through impacts with a shock piston at velocities ranging from 0.6 km/s to 1.5 km/s in three <1,0,0>, <1,1,0>, and <1,1,1> crystal orientations. In addition to characterizing the transient spall region width and duration, the spall response was characterized interms of the traditional axial stress vs. axial strain response for gaining an understanding of the material failure in spall. Using an atom section averaging process, the snapshots, or the time history plots of the stress and strain axial distributions in the shock direction, were obtained from the MD simulations’ outputs of the atom level stresses and displacements. These snapshots guided the analyses to an estimation of the spall widths and spall transients. The results were interpreted to highlight the effects of crystal orientation and impact velocity on the spall width, spall duration, spall stress, strain rate, critical strain values at the void nucleation, and the void volume fraction at the void coalescence. For all the combinations of the crystal orientations and the impact velocities, the void nucleation was observed when the stress reached a peak hydrostatic state and the stress triaxiality factor reached a minimum, i.e. by the simultaneous occurring of these three conditions for the stress state: 1. pressure reaching a negative minimum, 2. axial stress reaching the magnitude value of the peak pressure, and 3. the effective stress reaching a zero value. At these conditions, void nucleation was mainly caused by atom de-bonding. In fact, the void nucleation strains were shown to have been preceded by the strains of the stress triaxiality condition in this study, thus confirming the stress triaxiality condition for the void nucleation in spall. Based on the observation that the axial stress reached a maximum value of ∼6 GPa during the void nucleation phase in spall and stayed approximately at that value for different crystal orientations and impact velocities, the value was proposed as a material spall strength.     

功能梯度压电带中偏心裂纹对SH波的散射问题

功能梯度材料在机械、光电、核能、生物工程领域的应用非常广泛.但由于生产技术及工作环境等方面的原因,功能梯度材料内部常常产生各种形式的裂纹并最终导致材料破坏,这将会给材料所处的整个系统带来巨大损失.因此研究功能梯度材料的断裂问题对于该种材料的设计,制备和合理、安全的应用具有极大的促进作用.本文在压电材料线性宏观理论下,研究了功能梯度压电带中偏心裂纹对SH波的散射问题.借助于积分变换方法,在电非渗透型边界条件的情况下,将所考虑的问题转化为奇异积分方程,运用Gauss-Chebyshev数值积分方法对奇异积分方程进行了数值求解,进而得到了裂纹尖端的应力和电位移强度因子.     

A numerical study on the generation of impulsive noise by complex flows discharging from a muzzle

A numerical study on impulsive noise generation produced by complex flows discharging from a muzzle is achieved and the basic structures generating impulsive noise are analyzed. Complex flow features by a muzzle flow and noise generation mechanisms by several sources of noise are discussed from numerical simulations. Two‐dimensional axisymmetric Euler equations are used for governing equations. High‐order dispersion relation preserving finite difference method and an optimized four‐level marching method are used for spatial discretization and time integration, respectively. In order to show the capability of this method to capture blast waves and to examine the basic generation mechanism of acoustic waves from a muzzle, the interaction between a shock/blast wave and a vortex ring is implemented. From the numerical simulation of the 7.62‐mm NATO rifle G3 with a DM‐41 round in the near field, complex blast waves, jet flow, various vortices and their interaction phenomena are described and noise generation mechanism due to the interaction of complex flow structures is observed. The present results demonstrate that numerical simulation using computational aeroacoustic methods provides not only a reliable way to determine the blast wave dynamics of the muzzle flow but also allows an opportunity to study the physics and detailed mechanisms of the noise generation and propagation due to the interaction of complex flow structures generated from a muzzle system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of surface stress and irregularity of the interface on the propagation of SH-waves in the magneto-elastic crustal layer based on a solid semi space

The object of the present paper is to investigate plane SH waves through a magneto-elastic crustal layer based over an elastic, solid semi space under the influence of surface stress on the free surface of the crustal layer and irregularity of the interface. Two types of irregularities of the interface namely, rectangular and parabolic have been considered. Modulations of wave velocity due to the presence of surface stress, irregularity and the magnetic field have been studied separately. Their combined effect has also been investigated. Graphs are drawn to highlight some important peculiarities. It is observed that surface stress, irregularity and magnetic field have their respective role to play in the propagation of SH waves in the crustal layer. Further modulation of wave velocity occurs due to their combined effect.