Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Media Undergoing Complex Motions

Results of a theoretical and experimental investigation into new effects in moving-media optics are presented. An exact analytical solution is obtained for the trajectory of the wave vector of a monochromatic electromagnetic plane wave in a medium undergoing a complex motion. It is shown that the spatial dragging of the electromagnetic wave by the moving medium can be described correctly in the general case only if relativistic terms of order β² are taken into account. Also, in this investigation a spatial effect of the light drag was observed at a wavelength of λ =0· 63299 μm by means of an optical disk with a refractive index n=1· 4766, a radius of R ₀ =0· 06 m rotating at a frequency of ω =25 Hz. A relative shift of the interference pattern, monitored by the time of the interference band motion across the aperture of a photodetector for the disk rotating in the opposite directions, amounted to of the interference bandwidth. The results of theoretical calculations of the expected interference pattern shift on the basis of the total solution of the dispersion equation in the experiment are in agreement with the experimental results. Analysis of the results obtained suggests that the detected effects determine a wide class of observed phenomena, even when the velocities of moving media are non-relativistic.     

弱粘接界面固-固界面波特性及与界面粘接性质关系数值研究

根据两固体粘接结构在不同粘接强度下的弹簧模型边界条件,通过傅里叶积分变换方法进行波动方程求解,理论分析和数值计算了相近横波速度的两种固体间界面波的频散及衰减特性.计算结果表明,当切向弹簧劲度系数从滑移粘接界面向完好粘接界面逐渐变化时,界面波的频散特性随之变化.在此基础上进一步计算了不同界面粘接条件下法向线源脉冲激发的界...     

声表面波滤波器的离散Green函数分析法

日本学者Hashimoto提出栅格有效介电常数和离散Green函数,并结合有限元方法分析了短路金属栅阵中声表面波的传输特性。由此开发了相应的Fortran应用程序。国际上许多从事声表面波器件的研发公司都使用该程序设计他们的产品。以Rayleigh波在128°YX-LiNbO3基片、铝金属栅中传播为例,给出根据Hashimoto程序运算的结果,读取禁带下边缘和禁带上边缘所对应的相对频率的数值,代入COM理论色散关系的数学表达式中,该表达式的图形就是由COM理论色散关系而确定的波数色散曲线,以提取耦合模参数。     

Love波在电磁弹性多层结构中的频散特性

在电磁弹性多层结构模型的基础上, 通过本构方程和场方程推导出Love 波在电磁弹性介质中的波动方程。利用传递矩阵方法, 给出了一定边界条件下Love 波在该结构中的频散方程。通过对算例进行分析, 得出了Love 波在电磁弹性多层结构中传播的一些特性。      

具有理想与非理想界面的双材料四点弯曲试件的界面断裂韧性

本文作者用边界元法研究了具有理想与非理想界面的双材料四点弯曲试件的界面断裂韧性.分析了理想界面裂纹尖端的复应力强度因子以及非理想界面裂纹前沿的应变能密度与试件的几何尺寸、双材料的性质等的关系.计算结果表明,当裂纹的长度小于试件内支点的跨度时,上述两个物理量在很大范围内不随裂纹长度而变化.这种稳态的特性为两者的临界值的实验测定提供了方便.      

分凝对Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-38%PbTiO3单晶的成分及介电、压电性能的影响

研究了用改进的Bridgman法生长的PMNT62／38单晶在其生长过程中的分凝现象,研究了分凝导致的成分不均匀及其对介电和压电性能的影响。XRFA分析表明,PMNT62／38单晶底部的PbTiO3(PT)含量为x=35.2mol%,而顶部的PT含量为43mol%。底部晶体（001）,（110）和（111）三种切型的晶片加电场极化后,其介电和压电性能出现了异常的现象。（110）切型的压电模量最大,为1200pC/N;（111）次之,为789pC/N;（001）最低,为371pC/N。极化后的（110）和（111）晶片在室温、1kHz频率下的相对介电常数（两种切型的εr都在10000左右）,约为（001）晶片（εr-5000)的1倍,并且介电常数在低温端有上升的趋势。     

分凝对Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-38%PbTiO3单晶的成分及介电、压电性能的影响

研究了用改进的Bridgman法生长的PMNT62/38单晶在其生长过程中的分凝现象,研究了分凝导致的成分不均匀及其对介电和压电性能的影响.XRFA分析表明,PMNT62/38单晶底部的PbTiO3(PT)含量为x=35.2mol％,而顶部的PT含量为43mol％.底部晶体(001),(110)和(111)三种切型的晶片加电场极化后,其介电和压电性能出现了异常的现象.(110)切型的压电模量最大,为1200pC/N;(111)次之,为789pC/N;(001)最低,为371pC/N.极化后的(110)和(111)晶片在室温、1kHz频率下的相对介电常数(两种切型的εr都在10000左右),约为(001)晶片(ε_r-5000)的1倍,并且介电常数在低温端有上升的趋势.     

一种计算声表面波在周期栅阵中传播特性的方法

Hashimoto有限元程序是日本Chiba大学研究人员从1973年开始、历时几十年用Fortran语言编写、计算声表面波在周期栅阵中传波特性的一个软件包。该程序能计算Rayleigh波、漏表面波、SH型表面波、表面横波等多种声表面波的传输特性,同时它能适用于一个周期内单根指条、两根指条和多根指条及声表面波在栅阵中斜入射的情况。该程序已在声表面波（SAW）研究人员中得到了广泛的应用。     

单晶高温合金晶体取向的研究进展

单晶高温合金晶体取向与轴向的偏离已成为单晶叶片的一个重要缺陷.简述了单晶生长过程中在不同界面形态下择优取向的转变规律,以及取向对枝晶形貌和尺度的作用;分析了不同取向晶粒的竞争机制,并展望了晶体取向今后研究发展方向;指出了温度梯度、界面形状、熔体等是影响单晶高温合金晶体择优取向的重要因素.     

Interface waves along an anisotropic imperfect interface between anisotropic solids

First and second order asymptotic boundary conditions are introduced to model a thin anisotropic layer between two generally anisotropic solids. Such boundary conditions can be used to describe wave interaction with a solid-solid imperfect anisotropic interface. The wave solutions for the second order boundary conditions satisfy energy balance and give zero scattering from a homogeneous substrate/layer/substrate system. They couple the in-plane and out-of-plane stresses and displacements on the interface even for isotropic substrates. Interface imperfections are modeled by an interfacial multiphase orthotropic layer with effective elastic properties. This model determines the transfer matrix which includes interfacial stiffness and inertial and coupling terms. The present results are a generalization of previous work valid for either an isotropic viscoelastic layer or an orthotropic layer with a plane of symmetry coinciding with the wave incident plane. The problem of localization of interface waves is considered. It is shown that the conditions for the existence of such interface waves are less restrictive than those for Stoneley waves. The results are illustrated by calculation of the interface wave velocity as a function of normalized layer thickness and angle of propagation. The applicability of the asymptotic boundary conditions is analyzed by comparison with an exact solution for an interfacial anisotropic layer. It is shown that the asymptotic boundary conditions are applicable not only for small thickness-to-wavelength ratios, but for much broader frequency ranges than one might expect. The existence of symmetric and SH-type interface waves is also discussed.     

Ultrasonic wave scattering from rough,imperfect interfaces. Part II. Incoherent and coherent scattered fields

A theoretical model for ultrasonic wave scattering for geometrically irregular and imperfectly bonded interfaces is presented. Part I presents the stochastic interface characterization and a model for its mechanical response based on a micromechanics model of asperity contact. Part II uses this interface representation to write the well used quasi-static boundary conditions for scattering from a.flat imperfect interface¹ directly on the irregular interface profile. The boundary conditions are then expanded in an asymptotic series in the roughness parameter (standard deviation of the surface height) which is small compared to wavelength. The slope of the profile must also be everywhere small. These equations are solved exactly for the zero-th and second order terms, which are the flat coherent solution and its' first coherent correction, and the first order term, which is the first term in the expansion for the incoherently scattered solution. Results for obliquely incident longitudinal and shear waves show a strong dependence on the roughness in both the coherent and incoherent reflected fields, but little if any dependence on the roughness in the transmitted fields. In particular, the reflected coherent fields show markedly increasing attenuation compared to the flat compliant interface with increasing roughness and increasing ultrasonic frequency, the latter result being in qualitative agreement with results for scattering from an inhomogeneous array of individual scatterers.² There is evidence in the incoherent reflected fields for the existence of an incoherent leaky interface disturbance which manifests itself as a bulk incoherent shear wave at a scattering angle equal to the critical longitudinal angle. A coherent true interface wave is also supported by the rough interface which is shown to further attenuate the coherent reflected fields compared to the flat compliant interface solution.     

Shear-horizontal piezoelectric waves in an aluminum nitride film on a silicon substrate

The propagation of shear-horizontal waves in a piezoelectric film of aluminum nitride on a silicon substrate is studied. Three different electrode configurations are considered for thin film acoustic wave resonator application. A theoretical analysis is performed. The equations of linear piezoelectricity and anisotropic elasticity are used for the film and the substrate, respectively. Real and imaginary dispersion curves as well as electromechanical mode shapes are obtained. The effects of electrode configuration on the distribution of the electromechanical fields and the dispersion curves of long thickness-twist waves as well as energy trapping are examined.     

颗粒增强复合材料的界面模型与界面相模型的关系

对颗粒增强复合材料界面模型与界面相模型的关系进行了研究。通过界面位移和应力的间断量建立了与球形粒子薄界面相等效的不完善界面条件和线弹簧界面条件。根据线弹簧界面和具有任意弹性模量的薄界面相之间的等效关系,得到了弹簧常数的表达式。数值结果表明:当界面相和基体的模量比值较小时,与薄界面相模型的精确解相比较,不完善界面和线弹簧界面的解有很高的精确性。另外针对线弹簧模型的性质,讨论了界面可能的法向嵌入,并建立了保证无嵌入的条件。      

Slow decay of end effects in layered structures with an imperfect interface

An asymptotic analysis of a layered structure with an imperfect interface subject to an anti-plane shear deformation and non-homogeneous Dirichlet end conditions is presented in this paper. Two layers of isotropic materials are bonded via a middle interface layer (adhesive joint), which is thin and soft; effectively, this can be described as a discontinuity surface for the displacement. Model fields are constructed to compensate for the error produced by the asymptotic solution for the case when the layered structure is subject to non-homogeneous Dirichlet end conditions. Numerical examples and analytical estimates are presented to illustrate the slow decay of the `boundary-layer' fields.     

Interface crack and nonideal interface concept (Mode III)

Asymptotic behaviour of displacements and stresses in a vicinity of the interface crack tip situated on a nonideal interface between two different elastic materials is investigated. The nonideal interface is described by special transmission conditions along the material bonding. The corresponding modelling boundary value problem is reduced to a singular integral equation with fixed point singularities. It is shown from the solution to the problem that asymptotic behaviour of displacement and stresses near the crack tip essentially depends on the model parameters. Some numerical examples are presented and discussed with respect to the stress singularity exponent and the generalized stress intensity factors.     

Dynamic strength around two interacting piezoelectric nano-fibers with surfaces/interfaces in solid under electro-elastic waves

Considerable efforts have been devoted to the characterization of the strength at the surfaces/interfaces of piezoelectric nanocomposites. In this paper, the multiple scattering of electro-elastic waves from two piezoelectric nano-fibers in piezoelectric matrix is considered and the dynamic stress at the interface is obtained. A decoupling function is introduced to solve the governing equation in piezoelectric materials. The displacement and electric potential are described by a wave function expansion method. The addition theorem for cylindrical wave function is used to obtain the total coupling wave field. The conventional surface/interface model of Gurtin and Murdoch is extended to the case of coupling stress and electric displacement. The dynamic stress concentration factor around two nano-fibers is obtained. Through numerical analysis, it is found that the interaction between the two nano-fibers has a significant effect on the coupling of stress and electric displacement at the interface, especially in the region of high frequency. The interacting effect of the two piezoelectric interfaces is also related to the properties of the nano-fibers and interface. To show the validity of the dynamic model, comparison with existing results is also given.     

流-固多层结构中软层介质参数反演研究

建立了固体层内含软层介质的多层流-固界面模型。使用传递矩阵法,导出固体层内含软层介质的流-固界面波的频散方程。根据频散方程计算频散曲线,改变软层介质的深度、厚度及横波波速,观察频散曲线的变化。使用有限元软件建立仿真模型,引入遗传反向传播(Back Propagation, BP)神经网络,对模型参数进行了反演。反演结果表明,使用遗传BP神经网络,能有效地反演出软层介质的深度、厚度与横波波速参数。