吻合器和吻合环在胃癌全胃切除术后消化道重建中应用

目的 总结吻合器和吻合环在胃癌全胃切除术后消化道重建中应用经验。方法 全胃切除后用Roux-enY方式重建消化道，其中食管空肠吻合由吻合器完成，而空肠之端侧吻合则由手工缝合或用可降解吻合环完成。结果 本组56例食管空肠对端吻合及空肠端侧吻合均获一次性成功，无手术死亡，无吻合口瘘等。手术时间1h30min∽5h10min，平均2h40min；其中，加用吻合环完成空肠端侧吻合者平均手术时间仅为2h10min。术后6～12个月随诊检查胃镜或钡餐，54例吻合口愈合良好，仅2例出现吻合口狭窄，并通过气囊扩张后症状明显改善。结论在全胃切除后消化道重建中，与传统手工吻合相比，吻合器和吻合环有方便、快捷、可靠等优点，有利于防止吻合口瘘等并发症。我们认为只要病人经济条件允许，尽量采用一次性吻合器和吻合环重建消化道。     

生物可降解吻合环在胃切除术后消化道重建中的应用

目的总结生物可降解吻合环在胃切除术后消化道重建中的应用经验. 方法全胃或胃部分切除后,用吻合环完成消化道重建32例,包括胃空肠吻合和空肠端侧吻合. 结果本组均一次性获得成功,平均完成一个吻合所需时间为10 min,无吻合口瘘、出血及感染.术后1个月内吻合环自行溶解,经肠道排出体外.随访3～12个月,复查胃镜或钡餐无一例出现吻合口狭窄等并发症. 结论在胃切除后消化道重建中,与传统手工吻合相比,吻合环具有方便、快捷、可靠等优点,大大提高了操作效率,缩短了手术时间,并且有利于防止吻合口瘘或狭窄等并发症.只要病人经济条件允许,应尽量使用.     

食管,贲门癌切除一层吻合术210例分析

目的食管、贲门癌手术后吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄是常见的并发症，为尽可能降低其并发症的发生，我院从１９８８～１９９６年对２１０例食管、贲门癌患者实施手术。方法采用全层、间断、内翻一层吻合法，不附加减张悬吊及包埋重建消化道，颈部吻合３９例，主动脉弓上吻合３６例，主动脉弓下吻合１１５例，全胃切除空肠食管吻合２０例。结果全组患者术后吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄各发生１例，发生率低于０．５％，无手术死亡。结论本吻合方法降低了食管、贲门癌手术后吻合口瘘和狭窄的发生。     

腹腔镜全胃切除术后食管空肠侧侧吻合术12例

目的总结腹腔镜全胃切除术后食管空肠重建的方法。方法总结分析自2006年2．10月间对12例胃癌患者采用腹腔镜直线切割器成功施行食管空肠侧侧吻合术的临床资料。结果全组患者吻合过程均顺利，手术时间（247．0±13．1）min，其中吻合耗时（43．5±10．4）min，术中出血量（107．5±44．9）ml，吻合121距肿瘤近端距离（3．4±1．2）cm，残端均无癌残留。无手术死亡及吻合口瘘发生，术后短期随访无吻合口狭窄。结论腹腔镜食管空肠侧侧吻合法是腹腔镜全胃切除后一种简单、安全、经济的消化道重建吻合方式。     

经腹经纵隔全胃或次全胃切除47例分析

目的 探讨胃肿瘤行全胃或次全胃切除的路径及合理的消化道重建方式。方法 1997—2005年对47例胃上部厦贲门肿瘤行经腹经纵隔全胃或次全胃切除、结肠段消化道重建术，对其手术方法、手术并发症、术后消化道症状进行观察。结果 术后发生食管横结肠吻合口漏1例，余46例无吻合口漏及术后消化道等并发症。与经胸腹手术相比，具有创伤小，并发症少，恢复快等特点。结论 经腹经纵隔全胃或次全胃切除、结肠段消化道重建是一种安全、实用、疗效满意的手术方法，术后加强营齐支持治疗，可明显提高病人的生存质量．、     

机械吻合在食管和贲门癌手术中的临床研究

目的 探讨机械吻合在食管和贲门癌手术中的临床疗效。方法将食管癌和贲门癌162例患者随机分为机械吻合（A）组，手工吻合（B）组。A组患者术中应用常州GW-1型圆型吻合器吻合，B组常规手术吻合。比较两组手术时间、吻合口瘘发生率及吻合口狭窄率。结果 A组平均手术时间90．5min，无吻合口瘘发生，吻合口狭窄率为1．25％，与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 机械吻合在食管和贲门癌手术中安全可靠、疗效确切，可缩短手术时间，减少术后吻合口瘘及吻合口狭窄率。     

全胃切除在胃恶性肿瘤治疗中的应用

目的 探讨全胃切除术在胃恶性肿瘤治疗中的作用。方法 回顾性分析113例胃恶性肿瘤全胃切除术的临床资料。结果 根治性全胃切除97例,姑息性全胃切除16例,合并横结肠、脾、胰头、胰尾部、肝切除19例。消化道重建方式有：食道空肠Roux-en-Y吻合26例,食道空肠Brsaun吻合19例,p型空肠袢代胃Roux-en-Y吻合68例。术后出现并发症15例,其中胰瘘1例,吻合口瘘3例;手术死亡2例。术后随访例,随访率76％。根治性全胃切除、联合脏器切除和姑息性全胃切除术后1,3,5年生存率分别为：77．9％,45．7％,37．2％;88．8％,55．5％,33．3％和80％,0％,0％。结论 严格掌握手术适应征,合理的联合脏器切除,采用全胃切除治疗胃恶性肿瘤可取得满意疗效。     

经腹胃癌全胃切除P形空肠代胃108例报告

目的 探讨胃癌全胃切除术后合理的消化道重建方式，提高病人生存质量。方法 108例胃癌病人经腹全胃切除后，食管．空肠行P形吻合，空肠．空肠行Roux-Y吻合，术后加强营养支持治疗。结果 本组无手术死亡病例，无食管空肠吻合口瘘等严重并发症发生，与经胸腹术相比，具有创伤小，恢复快，并发症少等特点。结论 经腹胃癌全胃切除P形空肠代胃术是一种安全、实用、疗效满意的手术方法．术后加强营养支持治疗．有益于病人顺利康复。     

应用消化道吻合器在食管胃颈部吻合的体会

１９８８年１０月至１９９５年２月应用消化道吻合器对１８８例食管癌切除后病人行颈部吻合，并以机械吻合方法代替传统手工操作。吻合无失败者。术后吻合口瘘发生率１６％（３／１８８），吻合口狭窄２１％（４／１８８）。无吻合口出血，无手术死亡病例。作者认为，颈部机械吻合方法操作简单，易于掌握，吻合可靠，缩短了手术时间，减少了术后并发症的发生。     

消化道吻合器在颈部胃食管吻合中的应用

目的 总结食管癌切除后采用消化道吻合器行颈部胃食管吻合术治疗食管癌患者的临床经验,以降低术后吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄的发生率,提高手术疗效.方法 125例食管癌患者,根据采用的手术术式不同分为两组,器械吻合组:行食管癌切除后采用国产常州WGWB-26型吻合器进行颈部胃食管吻合;手工吻合组,行食管癌切除后采用手工方法进行颈部胃食管吻合.比较两种手术术式的胃食管吻合时间、术后吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄的发生率.结果 全组无手术死亡.器械吻合组吻合时间少于手工吻合组(30±5min vs.55±5 min, P＜0.05),近期吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄发生率明显低于手工吻合组(0% vs.4.8%, 0% vs.9.5%,P＜0.05);器械吻合组随访1～15个月食管X线钡餐检查证实无吻合口狭窄.结论 使用吻合器行胃食管器械吻合,能增加吻合的可靠性,减少术后并发症,包括吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄的发生.     

Experiences with the linear cutter technique for performing Roux-en-Y anastomosis following total gastrectomy

The use of stapling devices for performing gastrointestinal anastomosis has recently gained wide acceptance. In fact, since 1991, we have been using linear cutter devices for performing the Roux-en-Y anastomosis, transection of the duodenum, and closure of the jejunal stump (except following esophagojejunostomy), and are no longer employing hand-sewn procedures. In this report, the linear cutter technique used after total gastrectomy is described and the differences in anastomotic leakage, morbidity, operating time, and reconstruction time are evaluated in comparison with those following hand-sewn anastomoses. A total of 22 patients undergoing total gastrectomy within a 2-year period were randomized into two groups of 11, to have reconstruction performed by either a stapled or hand-sewn Roux-en-Y anastomosis. One patient from the stapled group died of acute myocardial infarction 6 days after the operation. Anastomotic leakages from the esophagojejunostomy region occurred in 18% of the patients in the stapled group, but fortunately no leakage was apparent from the Y-anastomosis when the linear cutter technique was used. The most obvious significance was the short mean reconstruction time in the stapled group of 19.1±3.56 min (P<0.01) being 31 min shorter than that of the hand-sewn group (n=11). Thus, we proposed that the linear cutter technique is a safe technique for performing anastomosis following total gastrectomy, which would significantly reduce the reconstruction time.     

生物可分解吻合环在全胃切除术中消化道重建的临床应用研究

目的评价生物可分解吻合环（biaframentable anastomosis ring，BAR）在胃癌全胃切除术中消化道重建的临床应用价值。方法将42例待作全胃切除术的恶性胃肿瘤病人随机分成二组，其中应用BAR作消化道重建21例（BAR组），用传统手工吻合的21例（TMA组）。结果两组病人均无死亡，痊愈出院。BAR组的消化道重建耗时明显少于TMA组。术后情况如吻合口出血、肠功能恢复时间、肺部感染显示BAR组明显好于TMA组。BAR组无吻合口漏，而TMA组则有1例。在术后6个月获得随访中ABR组是20例，TMA组17例。胃镜检查显示：BAR组在术后吻合口狭窄、吻合口炎、吻合口炎和吻合口肉芽肿的发生率均低于TMA组。两组在上述多项指标显示有显著性差异（P〈0．05或0．01）。结论应用BAR于全胃切除术的消化道重建具有操作简便快捷、疗效好及术后并发症少等优点，值得在临床推广应用。     

Experience with the EEA stapler for esophagojejunostomy

From January 1979 through December 1986, 239 patients underwent total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. In 94 patients esophagojejunostomy was performed with the EEA stapler and in 145 patients hand sutures were employed. Operating time (mean +/- SD) was 288 +/- 60 minutes in the stapled group and 306 +/- 75 minutes in the sutured group (p less than 0.05). The length of the resected esophagus (mean +/- SD) was 19 +/- 17 mm in the former and 14 +/- 14 mm in the latter (p less than 0.01). The rate of leakage was 7.4% in the former and 13.8% in the latter with no significant difference. Five patients (3.4%) died within 30 days after sutured anastomosis and in two of them death was caused by anastomotic leakage. There was no operative death in the stapled group. It seemed that the stapler was able to simplify and facilitate esophagojejunostomy after total gastrectomy and that anastomosis with the stapler was at least as reliable as that with hand sutures.     

单层缝合吻合法和吻合器吻合法在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用对比研究

目的　探讨单层缝合手法吻合在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用价值。方法　 96例我院择期行低位直肠癌保肛手术患者 ,随机双盲分为 2组 ,单层缝合手法吻合组 5 4例 ,以吻合器吻合组4 2例为对照 ,对术后吻合口并发症及患者肛门排便功能进行了对照研究。结果　单层缝合手法吻合组 5 4例无吻合口漏及狭窄。术后排便功能控制好 ,局部复发 2例。吻合器吻合组 4 2例无吻合口漏 ,但 7例发生吻合口狭窄 ,需服用缓泻剂协助排便及扩肛治疗。 2例发生吻合口出血 ,局部复发 2例。结论　单层缝合手法吻合具有操作简便易行 ,经济安全 ,术后并发症少 ,排便功能控制好的优点 ,在低位直肠癌保肛手术中仍占有重要地位     

Healing of esophagojejunal anastomoses after experimental total gastrectomy. A comparative study using manually sutured or stapled anastomoses.

In construction of the eosphagojejunostomy after total gastrectomy, the EEA stapled (US Surgical Corporation, Norwalk, CT) and the two-layer interrupted 3-0 Dexon anastomoses are compared concerning the radiological appearance, breaking strength, circulation, and collagen concentration. Thirty female pigs were used. After total gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y preparation, the pigs were randomized to achieve sutured or stapled anastomoses. 141Ce-labeled microspheres were used for measurements of anastomotic blood flow. After the pigs were killed, the breaking strength of the anastomosis was recorded, the collagen content determined, and an anastomotic index calculated comparing two perpendicular diameters in the anastomosis and 5 cm above. Breaking strength, leakage frequency, and anastomotic index were the same in the two groups. One week after surgery, there was a significant increase in anastomotic circulation (p less than 0.05) in both the sutured and the stapled anastomoses compared to controls. Collagen increased equally with time in the two groups (p less than 0.01). The stapled esophagojejunostomy was faster to perform (20 min) than the sutured (28 min) (p less than 0.05).     

Utility of total mechanical stapled cervical esophagogastric anastomosis after esophagectomy: a comparison to conventional anastomotic techniques

BACKGROUND: Cervical esophagogastric anastomosis after esophagectomy is often troubled with anastomotic leak resulting in local sepsis, postoperative stricture, and prolonged hospitalization. We compared the anastomotic outcomes and clinical course of esophagectomy patients undergoing total mechanical stapled esophagogastric anastomosis versus a partial handsewn/mechanical stapled cervical anastomotic technique. METHODS: One hundred eighty-one patients underwent transhiatal (N=146) or 3-field (abdomen/chest/neck incisions) (N=35) esophagectomy. A total mechanical stapled anastomosis was accomplished in 125 patients. A handsewn/mechanical stapled anastomosis was performed in 56 patients. The total mechanical stapled anastomosis was accomplished by using the endoscopic gastrointestinal stapler to construct the posterolateral aspect and a linear stapler to close the anterior aspect of the anastomosis. Total mechanical stapled anastomosis patients had the endoscopic gastrointestinal stapler also used to divide the left gastric vessels and the short gastric mesentery for gastric mobilization. Anastomotic outcomes were analyzed by the leak rate (contrast study) and the need of serial dilations in each group. CONCLUSIONS: Total mechanical stapled technique after esophagectomy with cervical esophagogastric anastomosis appears to be effective in reducing hospitalization and anastomotic complications compared to partial or complete handsewn techniques. Liberal use of endoscopic staplers might shorten operative time. Esophageal surgeons should be aware of the advantages and become skilled with these techniques.     

捆绑式反穿刺法食管空肠吻合技术在腹腔镜胃癌根治术中的应用

目的：探讨捆绑式反穿刺法食管空肠吻合技术在腹腔镜根治性全胃切除术中的应用效果。 方法：回顾分析2014年6月—2018年6月92例行腹腔镜根治性全胃切除术患者的临床资料，其中46例术中采用捆绑式反穿刺法进行食管-空肠吻合（观察组），46例采用荷包钳法进行食管-空肠吻合（对照组）。比较两组患者的相关临床指标。 结果：全部患者均顺利完成手术。与对照组比较，观察组手术时间缩短（229.2 min vs. 196.2 min）、术中出血量减少（83.26 mL vs. 56.18 mL）、切口长度缩短（9.08 cm vs. 3.89 cm）、食管近切缘长度增长（2.42 cm vs. 3.78 cm）、自抵钉座置入至食管空肠吻合完成时间缩短（32.1 min vs. 19.2 min），差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。两组术后首次排气时间、住院时间均无统计学差异（均P>0.05）。两组吻合口出血、切口感染、吻合口狭窄发生率均无统计学差异（均P>0.05），但观察组吻合口瘘发生率低于对照组（0 vs. 6.52%，P<0.05）。两组术后随访6~30个月，对照组复发2例，观察组未发现复发病例。 结论：捆绑式反穿刺吻合技术应用于腹腔镜根治性全胃切除术中是安全、可行的，具有手术时间短、术中出血少等优点，以及可减小腹壁辅助切口、获得更大的切缘、降低吻合口瘘及复发风险等优越性。     

Stomach cancer: a prospective study of anastomotic failure following total gastrectomy

The incidence and cause of esophagojejunal anastomotic leakage were prospectively studied in 350 patients following total gastrectomy for stomach cancer. Anastomotic leak was demonstrated in 30 patients (8.6%), ten of whom underwent reoperation. Nine of the 30 patients died. Statistical analysis revealed that the outcome was better for patients with stapled esophagojejunostomy than when the anastomosis was hand-sutured. The odds for leakage were 2.37 times higher in patients with hand-sutured, than in those with stapled anastomosis. Antibiotic prophylaxis may be significant in preventing leakage. No association was found between anastomotic leakage and type of hospital, patient age or sex, preoperative weight loss, concomitant splenectomy or residual tumor in the resection margin.     

Stenosis after use of the double-stapling technique for reconstruction after laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy

Background

The double-stapling technique (DST) for esophagojejunostomy using the transorally inserted anvil (OrVil; Covidien Japan, Tokyo, Japan) is one of the reconstruction methods used after laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy (LATG). This technique has potential advantages in terms of less invasive surgery without the need to create a complicated intraabdominal anastomosis.

Methods

From 2008 to 2011, 262 patients with gastric cancer underwent total gastrectomy and reconstruction with a Roux-en-Y anastomosis, and 52 patients underwent LATG with DST. A retrospective analysis then was performed comparing the patients who experienced postoperative stenosis after LATG-DST (positive group) and the patients who did not (negative group). A comparative analysis was performed among patients comparing conventional open total gastrectomy and LATG, and multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate risk factors for the development of anastomotic stenosis.

Results

A minor leak was found in 1 patient (1.9 %), and 11 patients experienced anastomotic stenosis (21 %) after LATG with DST. Among the patients with anastomotic stenosis, three (3/4, 75 %) anastomoses were performed with the 21-mm end-to-end anastomosis (EEA) stapler, and eight anastomoses were performed (8/47, 17 %) with the 25-mm EEA stapler. The median interval to the diagnosis of anastomotic stenosis was 43 days after surgery. The patients with stenosis needed endoscopic balloon dilation an average of four times, and the rate of perforation after dilation was 13 %. The clinical and operative characteristics did not differ between the two groups. Anastomotic stenosis after open total gastrectomy occurred in two cases (0.98 %). Multivariate analysis showed that the size of the EEA stapler and the use of DST were risk factors for anastomotic stenosis.

Conclusion

Esophagojejunostomy using DST with OrVil is useful in performing a minimally invasive procedure but carries a high risk of anastomotic stenosis.