甘蓝型油菜籽粒油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和蛋白质含量变异及相关性分析

对现有种质资源进行分析,有利于甘蓝型油菜品质育种亲本选配及种质创新。本研究对312份甘蓝型油菜种质资源进行近红外光谱检测,通过相关性分析和聚类分析探究油菜籽粒中油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和蛋白质含量及它们间的相关性。结果表明：油酸含量与亚油酸及蛋白质含量呈极显著负相关,亚油酸含量与蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关;在阈值为2时,可将312份种质资源划分为6个类群,其中第Ⅱ类群适于选育高油酸亲本,第Ⅲ类群适于选育高亚麻酸亲本,第Ⅳ、Ⅵ类群适于选育高亚油酸、高蛋白亲本。     

摘薹对甘蓝型油菜籽粒品质性状的影响及其综合评价

为了探明摘薹对油菜籽粒品质性状的影响,本研究以21份甘蓝型油菜品系为材料,进行摘薹处理与正常收获,测定籽粒中饱和脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸、油份、蛋白质及硫苷含量变化。结果表明：摘薹后棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、蛋白质及硫苷含量表现为增加的趋势,油酸、油份含量表现为减少的趋势,芥酸、花生烯酸含量变化趋势并不明显。相关性分析表明,摘薹后油份与油酸呈极显著正相关,二者均与棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、蛋白质呈极显著负相关。主成分及隶属函数分析表明,摘薹后y15油菜品系籽粒综合性状最优良,y12、y10、y14、y6、y19、y11、y7、y13、y20、y3、y8品系次之,y4、y2、y9品系综合得分低于对照y21。     

贮藏时间和温度对甘蓝型油菜种子活力及脂肪酸含量的影响

研究了甘蓝型油菜种子在低温和常温干燥条件下,密闭贮藏过程中种子脂肪酸组成分含量、含油量及发芽能力的变化。结果表明：随着贮藏年限增加,甘蓝型油菜种子油酸、二十碳烯酸、芥酸的含量逐渐增加,亚麻酸、亚油酸含量则逐渐下降,棕榈酸和硬脂酸含量变化不明显;在冷藏1～5年里脂肪酸成分含量变化较快,之后变化缓慢;低芥酸材料在贮藏过程中芥酸含量增加速率高于高芥酸材料。随着贮藏时间延长,种子含油量逐渐下降,含油量高的材料下降更快;种子发芽率和发芽势均下降,后者下降幅度大;在同样冷藏条件下,套帐自交的种子比开放授粉种子的发芽率和发芽势下降均快且幅度大,而常温贮藏的开放授粉种子发芽能力下降速度明显比冷藏的快,6年后发芽率几近于零。     

不同油梨种质资源果实脂肪酸分析及评价

为进一步探究油梨种质资源脂肪酸组分间关系,为其品种选育、构建油梨种质资源评价体系和综合利用提供参考,以23 份油梨成熟果为试验材料,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析测定果实脂肪酸组分,通过相关系数、变异系数、多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸（polyunstaturated/saturated,P/S 值）、单不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸值（monounsated/saturated,M/S 值）、致动脉粥样硬化指数（atherogentic index,AI 值）、高胆固醇指数（hypercholesterolaemic index,HI 值）、聚类分析指标综合评价油梨脂肪酸组分及其营养性。结果表明,不同油梨种质资源的脂肪酸组分之间存在差异性,果肉不饱和脂肪酸种类为6～15 种,占比为36.46%～66.39%;种子不饱和脂肪酸种类为2～11 种,占比为0%～65.26%。各脂肪酸之间普遍存在相关性,多为极显著正相关。变异系数在0.024～4.796,果肉、种子中的棕榈酸、硬脂酸、肉豆蔻酸、月桂酸4 种饱和脂肪酸变异系数均小于1,表现出遗传稳定性。油梨的M/S 值、P/S 值较高,AI 值、HI 值较低,具有较高的营养价值。以油梨果肉、种子脂肪酸组成为变量将23 份种质资源分为两类,南亚A、xx1、桂研1 号属于I 类,其油酸、棕榈油酸、亚麻酸、亚油酸含量显著高于另一类。桂研1 号果实的油酸、棕榈油酸、亚麻酸和亚油酸含量在23 份种质中最高,具有较大的开发潜力。由此可见不同油梨种质资源果实脂肪酸间存在差异性、相关性,脂肪酸组分分析对油梨的品种选育、种质资源评价和综合利用具有参考意义。     

中国大豆脂肪酸组成状况的研究

本文报导了1983—1985年3年间从中国19个省(区)收集的348份中国大豆样品的脂肪酸组成的测定结果。此结果表明,大豆中脂肪酸含量在1%以上的脂肪酸为棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸;3年测定出的饱和脂肪酸总量分别为14.9%、14.7%和14.5%,不 饱和脂肪酸总量分别为85.0%、85.1%和85.4%。饱和脂肪酸如棕榈酸和硬脂酸含量较为稳定,而不饱和脂肪酸中的油酸、亚油酸及亚麻酸含量变化幅度较大,且存在明显的相关关系,其相关系数 r 分别为;油酸与亚油酸-0.93—-0.96;油酸与亚麻酸-0.72—-0.79;亚油酸与亚麻酸0.47—0.62,显著性水平均为0.01。同时、分析结果还表明,上述三种脂肪酸的含量明显受气温的影响,油酸与大豆开花鼓荚期平均气温间的相关系数为0.34-0.40;亚油酸为-0.23—-0.30;亚麻酸为-0.56—-0.61,显著性水平<0.05。此外,本文根据中国大豆脂肪酸状况对大豆脂肪的利用进行了讨论。     

河北省核桃坚果蛋白质、脂肪及脂肪酸组成分析

目的:为深入了解河北省核桃资源现状,为优良核桃品种的选育和种质创新提供科学依据。方法:以河北省103份核桃资源为研究对象,对其蛋白质、脂肪及脂肪酸组分进行变异分析、相关性分析和聚类分析。结果:103份核桃资源脂肪、蛋白质的平均含量分别为62.15%、16.66%,油酸、亚油酸等不饱和脂肪酸的平均含量分别为17.31%、64.56%。各指标变异系数的变化范围为7.40%~31.41%,其中油酸的变异系数最大,亚油酸的变异系数最小;各指标的香农-威纳指数的变化范围为1.89~2.10,其中蛋白质的香农-威纳指数最高。相关性分析发现油酸含量与亚油酸、α-亚麻酸含量分别呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）,与花生烯酸呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,且不饱和脂肪酸组分关联较紧密。聚类分析采用离差平方和方法,在欧氏距离D=9.75处可将103份核桃资源分为5个群组（I、II、III、 IV 和 V),各含有38、4、24、16和24个资源,其中群组Ⅱ为高蛋白、高脂肪、高亚油酸资源,群组Ⅴ为高油酸、低亚油酸资源。结论:本研究中,103份核桃资源的遗传多样性丰富,资源特色明显,王永久、史文海、王春安、早硕可作为高蛋白、高脂肪、高亚油酸资源进行研究,为河北省核桃特色油脂资源的开发利用和良种选育提供依据。     

不同种质文冠果含油量及油中脂肪酸组成分析

采用核磁共振法测定21个种质文冠果种子和种仁含油量,利用GC-MS/MS检测分析索氏法提取的种子油和种仁油脂肪酸组成及其相对含量。结果表明:种子含油量在35%以上的种质有09-12(37.18%)和09-09(35.36%),种仁含油量在65%以上的种质有赤峰巴林右旗(65.78%)和09-09(65.74%);种子油和种仁油中均检测出10种脂肪酸,分别为棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生一烯酸、花生二烯酸、花生五烯酸、芥酸和神经酸;索氏法提取的种仁油脂肪酸中神经酸含量高于3%的种质有7个,最高的为12-09(3.77%)。这不仅为文冠果优良品种的选育提供了科学依据,而且为文冠果油加工利用提供了参考。     

高含油量油菜种子和果皮油份积累及主要脂肪酸的动态变化

以高含油量油菜品系为材料,研究角果发育过程中种子和果皮油份积累与主要脂肪酸的动态变化。结果表明：高含油量品种在角果发育早期油份的合成与积累较为缓慢,开花后20d种子含油率仅占成熟种子油份含量的8．35％～12．32％,角果发育中期是油份含量增加最快的时期,开花后40d种子含油率占成熟种子油份含量的72．89％。94．73％,籽粒成熟时油份含量达到最大值。果皮的油份积累与种子相反,随角果发育油份含量依次下降,两者呈极显著负相关,相关系数为-0．95。种子和果皮的二十碳烯酸、芥酸合成规律明显不同。种子的7种主要脂肪酸组成中芥酸和二十碳烯酸与16碳、18碳脂肪酸含量均呈负相关,亚麻酸和亚油酸与棕榈酸、硬脂酸和亚油酸含量均呈正相关,与油酸含量H2和H27为正相关,H1和H28为负相关。而油酸与其它脂肪酸的相关关系较为复杂,与棕榈酸、硬脂酸和亚油酸、亚麻酸的相关关系有正相关,也有负相关,可见油酸的合成与积累不仅与棕榈酸、硬脂酸有关,还会影响亚油酸和亚麻酸的含量,这是创新油菜高油酸材料的基础。     

气相色谱-质谱法定性定量测定糜子中的脂肪酸

采用气相色谱-质谱法对糜子中脂肪酸进行定性、定量分析。结果共鉴定出14 种脂肪酸,相对含量为96.9%,其中不饱和脂肪酸8 种（64.533%）,主要有亚油酸（12.371%）、油酸（44.157%）、亚麻酸（1.173%）等。可见糜子中脂肪酸主要以不饱和脂肪酸为主,是优质脂肪酸。通过回归方程计算得出：糜子中棕榈酸、油酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸的含量分别为100.261、165.309、23.402、52.181、17.516 mg/100 g。通过与其他杂粮进行比较,结果表明糜子和小米、高粱、小麦、燕麦、水稻一样均含有硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和棕榈酸等,不饱和脂肪酸含量高,富含亚油酸和亚麻酸;本研究可为糜子品质的进一步开发和研究提供理论依据。     

中国大豆脂肪酸组成状况的研究

本文报道了1983—1985年三年间从中国19个省(区)收集的348份中国大豆样品的脂肪酸组成的测定结果。此结果表明,大豆中脂肪酸含量在1％以上的脂肪酸为棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸;三年测定出的饱和脂肪酸总量分别为14.9％、14.7％、14.5％,不饱和脂肪酸总量分别为85.0％、85.1％、85.4％。饱和脂肪酸如棕榈酸和硬脂酸含量较为稳定,而不饱和脂肪酸中的油酸、亚油酸及亚麻酸含量变化幅度较大,且存在明显的相关关系,其相关系数r分别为:油酸与亚油酸之间-0.93—-0.96;油酸与亚麻酸之间-0.72—-0.79;亚油酸与亚麻酸之间0.47—0.62,显著性水平均为0.01。同时,分析结果还表明,上述三种脂肪酸的含量明显受气温的影响,油酸与大豆开花鼓荚期平均气温间的相关系数为0.34—0.40;亚油酸为-0.23—-0.30;亚麻酸为-0.56—0.61,显著性水平<0.05。此外,本文根据中国大豆脂肪酸组成状况对大豆脂肪的利用进行了讨论。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.