CT血管成像检查对急性脑梗死患者颈动脉狭窄及脑侧支循环的诊断价值

目的评价256层螺旋CT血管成像(computed tomography angiography,CTA)检查对急性脑梗死患者颈动脉狭窄及脑侧支循环的诊断价值。方法回顾分析30例急性脑梗死患者的256层螺旋CTA及数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)检查的影像学资料,以DSA的诊断结果为标准,比较两者对颈动脉狭窄及脑侧支循环诊断的敏感性、特异性及一致性。结果对30例急性脑梗死患者180条血管(包括双侧颈总动脉、颈内动脉颅外段、颈外动脉)狭窄程度评估,256层螺旋CTA与DSA诊断颈动脉狭窄的符合率为82.8%,对不同程度狭窄的诊断均有较高一致性,尤其对重度狭窄的诊断一致性更高(κ=0.75)。256层螺旋CTA检测出侧支循环形成18例,DSA检测出侧支循环形成19例,256层螺旋CTA与DSA诊断脑侧支循环的符合率为90.0%。评估30例急性脑梗死患者颅内330条侧支动脉(包括前交通动脉,双侧后交通动脉、眼动脉、软脑膜侧支、颈升动脉、枕动脉),CTA检测显示侧支形成40条,其中一级侧支形成21条,二级侧支形成19条,DSA检测显示侧支形成43条,其中一级侧支形成22条,二级侧支形成21条。256层螺旋CTA与DSA对一级侧支和二级侧支循环的诊断均有较高的一致性(κ=0.925和0.894)。结论 256层螺旋CTA在诊断急性脑梗死患者颈动脉狭窄及脑侧支循环方面与DSA的诊断结果有高度一致性。     

超声和多层螺旋CT血管造影检测脑梗死病人颅外颈动脉的临床价值

目的探讨超声和多层螺旋CT血管造影(CTA)检测脑梗死病人颅外颈动脉的临床价值,比较两种检查方法的一致性。方法选择2014年1月—2016年6月在我院诊治的临床疑似颈部血管性病变的脑梗死病人80例,所有病人给予超声和CTA检测,比较斑块性质、部位及狭窄情况。结果 80例病人超声和CTA检查发现斑块分别为112处和117处。超声与CTA对颅外颈动脉斑块发生部位、斑块性质与狭窄程度的检出情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);Kappa值分别为0.698、0.713、0.745。结论颅外颈动脉斑块和脑梗死关系密切,超声和CTA在检测颅外颈动脉斑块发生部位、斑块;性质与狭窄程度判定表现出良好的一致性,对颅外颈动脉检查具有互补作用。     

头颈部CTA对颈部动脉血管狭窄性病变的诊断价值及与DUS和DSA对比分析

目的与超声（DUS）、数字血管造影（DSA）诊断结果对比分析,评价CT头颈部动脉血管造影（CTA）对颈部动脉血管狭窄性病变诊断准确性、敏感性及价值。方法对50例有临床症状患者行颈部动脉血管MSC-TA检查,应用最大密度投影M IP,多平面重建MPR,容积重建VR,高级血管分析软件AVA,进行重建,采用NASCET标准测量血管狭窄程度,对比超声及DSA一周内诊断结果,分析头颈部CTA对动脉血管狭窄性病变诊断价值。结果 CTA对轻度血管狭窄性病变、中重度血管狭窄性病变（尤其是椎动脉狭窄性病变）敏感度较高,准确度较DUS更高,血管中重度狭窄与DSA结果基本相同,并且能跟检出DSA漏诊轻度血管狭窄;对血管壁斑块（尤其是钙化斑块）敏感度及准确度较DSA高,对较小斑块及血管内膜增厚性病变超声敏感度更高。结论颈动脉CTA作为一种无创性检查方法对颈动脉血管斑块及血管狭窄性病变诊断有重要价值和帮助,可以颈部动脉血管检查的首选和重要方法,超声和DSA检查可以有效互补。     

头颈部CTA和颈部血管彩超在脑梗死患者颈动脉狭窄检测中的应用

目的探讨头颈部CT血管成像（CTA）和颈部血管彩超在脑梗死患者颈动脉狭窄检测中的临床价值。方法对50例经颅脑CT或MR I证实的脑梗死患者分别行头颈部CTA、颈部血管彩超及数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查,观察其动脉狭窄检出率及斑块检测情况。结果 DSA、CTA及CTA＋彩超对颈动脉狭窄的检出率无显著差异,但均显著高于彩超（P〈0.05）;彩超尚能检测到动脉溃疡斑块。结论头颈部CTA＋颈部血管彩超可无创、准确的评估脑梗死患者颅内外大动脉血管狭窄程度及斑块情况,应作为此类患者诊治前的常规检查。     

CT血管造影对颈动脉粥样硬化性病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨CT血管造影(CTA)诊断颈动脉粥样硬化性病变的价值.方法 对92例前循环缺血发作患者行16层螺旋CTA检查,其中55例于CTA检查前后1周内进行了数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,64例进行了彩色多普勒超声(CFDS)检查.CTA扫描横断面轴位图像应用三维重建技术作图像后处理,测量颅外段颈内动脉狭窄程度,统计颈动脉粥样硬化斑块,并分别与DSA和CFDS结果比较.结果 CTA与DSA对颅外段颈内动脉狭窄程度分级判断的一致性为90.9％(Kappa=0.87,P＜0.01),CTA对颅外段颈内动脉各级狭窄诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均较高.CTA与CFDS在颈动脉的斑块检出率差异无统计学意义,两种检查方法共同判断的113处斑块的性质判定的一致性为77.9％(Kappa=0.67,P＜0.01).结论 CTA对颈动脉狭窄程度、粥样硬化斑块诊断有较高的准确性,可作为颈动脉粥样硬化性病变筛选的常规方法.     

三维超声血管斑块定量分析技术诊断颈动脉血管狭窄及斑块特征的应用

目的 探讨实时三维超声（real-time 3D ultrasound,RT-3DU）血管斑块定量分析（vascular plaque quantification,VPQ）技术诊断颈动脉血管狭窄及斑块特征的应用。 方法 对2020年1月~2021年1月于新疆医科大学第七临床医学院接受RT-3DU检查的颈动脉斑块患者40例（颈动脉斑块共57处）进行分析,应用RT-3DU VPQ技术检测颈动脉相关参数,同时应用动脉CT血管造影术检测颈动脉狭窄程度,比较分析两种方式诊断颈动脉狭窄程度的一致性。 结果 在40例颈动脉斑块患者中,其颈动脉内中膜厚度为（1.33 ± 0.14）mm,斑块回声强度为（36.29 ± 7.51）dB,标化壁指数（NWI）为（0.64 ± 0.18）,57处颈动脉斑块厚度为（3.6 ± 0.5）mm。轻度、中度及重度狭窄组患者的NWI比较差异显著（P<0.05）,且重度狭窄组患者的NWI高于轻度及中度狭窄组,中度狭窄组患者的NWI高于轻度狭窄组（P<0.05）。RT-3DU VPQ检查诊断颈动脉局部管腔存在9处轻度狭窄,43处中度狭窄,5处重度狭窄;动脉CT血管造影检查诊断颈动脉局部管腔存在6处轻度狭窄,38处中度狭窄,13处重度狭窄。RT-3DU VPQ和动脉CT血管造影检查诊断颈动脉局部管腔狭窄程度的一致性较高（Kappa=0.819）。 结论 对于颈动脉斑块患者,应用RT-3DU VPQ技术可测定其血管狭窄程度,还可量化分析斑块回声强度、累及部位血管负荷变化。     

下肢动脉疾病行64层螺旋CT血管造影的对照研究

目的通过与数字减影血管造影(DSA)的对照,确定64层螺旋CT血管造影(CTA)在诊断下肢动脉病变中的价值。方法选择行下肢动脉64层螺旋CTA及DSA检查的患者24例,DSA与64层螺旋CTA检查间隔时间2周。CT重建采用最大密度投影、容积重建及多平面重建技术。DSA采用步进跟踪造影技术,分段DSA进行下肢血管检查,将64层螺旋CTA与DSA结果进行比较。结果 DSA显示34条共170段下肢动脉,69段血管存在狭窄性病变,CTA诊断血管高估8段,低估8段。以DSA检出血管狭窄程度≥50%为阈值,64层螺旋CTA对下肢动脉狭窄程度诊断的敏感性97.1%,特异性96.0%,准确率97.2%,阳性预测值94.4%,阴性预测值97.9%。结论 64层螺旋CTA是下肢动脉闭塞性病变评估的可靠方法,对下肢动脉硬化闭塞性病变的术前评估、诊断和筛选有较大的帮助,可为制订介入治疗方案提供可靠依据。     

螺旋CT血管造影对颈动脉狭窄的诊断价值

选择68例经DSA检查证实的颈动脉狭窄患者行16排螺旋CT血管造影(CTA)检查,对血管狭窄程度、长度和斑块溃疡等指标进行分析.结果显示,CTA和DSA检查结果在狭窄程度和长度上具有明显的相关性,灵敏度和特异度均为100%,DSA对斑块溃疡的检出率高于CTA.认为CTA检查是一种显示颈部血管狭窄病变有价值的检查方法.     

256层CTA对糖尿病和高血压患者下肢分析动脉斑块的对比分析

目的探讨256层螺旋CT血管成像(CTA)在评价糖尿病患者和高血压患者下肢动脉硬化斑块病变的价值及对比分析。方法回顾性分析2013年1月—2017年7月期间在该院256层螺旋CT行下肢动脉血管成像的56例糖尿病患者和70例高血压患者的临床及CT资料,采用双侧下肢动脉18节段分段法,对2组患者间动脉硬化斑块种类、血管狭窄程度、斑块病变范围等情况进行对比分析。结果将糖尿病组患者下肢动脉血管共1 008节段,CT检出动脉粥样硬化672处(66.67%),高血压组共1 260节段,CT检出451处(35.79%),两组患者动脉粥样硬化的发生率差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者动脉血管斑块均以混合斑块为主,糖尿病组斑块主要分布于腘动脉以下中小动脉且受累范围较弥漫,高血压组多分布于腘动脉以上大动脉,糖尿病组管腔轻度以上狭窄发生率高于高血压组(P0.05)。结论 256层CTA在糖尿病患者下肢动脉粥样硬化斑块检出率高于高血压患者,糖尿病组斑块血管受累范围较弥漫、血管狭窄较严重,是导致下肢动脉栓塞的重要病因。     

85例老年患者下肢动脉血管成像技术检查结果分析

目的 评价16层螺旋CT下肢动脉成像在诊断老年患者下肢动脉硬化闭塞症合并其它不同基础疾病中的临床价值.方法 对85例临床疑似下肢动脉硬化的老年患者行16层螺旋CT下肢动脉血管成像（CT angiography,CTA）扫描,以容积再现（volume rendering,VR）,最大密度投影（maximum intensity projection,MIP）以及曲面重建（curved reformate,CR）技术重建.按糖尿病、高血压病因分组,比较下肢动脉CTA检查结果.结果 CTA检查可以清晰显示双下肢动脉及主要分支病变的部位、范围及侧枝循环.49例血管不同程度钙化患者中,高血压组、糖尿病合并高血压组较糖尿病组下肢动脉管壁钙化的病例出现更多（P＜0.05）.43例不同程度的下肢动脉狭窄及闭塞患者中,糖尿病合并高血压组较高血压组、糖尿病组的闭塞病例出现更多（P＜0.05）.结论 糖尿病合并高血压组患者的下肢动脉硬化闭塞症表现较糖尿病组及高血压组患者更为严重.对存在易患因素的老年人群,尤其是同时具有高血压和糖尿病病因者,下肢动脉CTA检查具有筛选价值.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.