反硝化除磷菌富集试验研究

采用A2-SBR反应器对反硝化除磷菌进行富集研究,结果表明反硝化除磷菌存在于污水处理厂活性污泥中,通过厌氧／缺氧的强化交替运行,能使反硝化除磷菌得到富集。厌氧／好氧批实验结果表明,反硝化除磷菌能够利用氧气作为电子受体进行吸磷,其比吸磷速率高于缺氧比吸磷速率。     

混合液回流比对A/A/O工艺反硝化除磷的影响

以生活污水培养驯化污泥的小试规模A/A/O工艺为研究对象，进行了混合液回流比为100%、200%和300%时对反硝化除磷的影响研究，并利用厌氧/缺氧批式试验方法对污泥特性进行单独考察。结果表明，随着混合液回流比的增大，缺氧除磷在系统除磷所起的作用、反硝化聚磷菌缺氧利用单位聚羟基链烷酸（PHAs）的吸磷量和反硝化数量出现先升高后下降，厌氧合成单位PHAs的释磷量和好氧利用单位PHAs的吸磷量并没有受到影响，以200%时反硝化除磷和系统脱氮除磷效果为最好，过高或过低NO₃-N浓度均会影响反硝化聚磷菌的缺氧吸磷速率和PHAs降解速率，但并没有影响其本身所固有的特性。     

SUFR脱氮除磷系统中反硝化聚磷菌的性能研究

对螺旋升流式反应器(SUFR)脱氮除磷系统中高PHB及低PHB含量的污泥在有无外碳源及硝酸盐条件下的反硝化吸磷／释磷性能进行了试验研究。结果表明：(1)反硝化聚磷菌约占全部聚磷菌总量的72．4％,同时加入碳源和磷酸盐的反硝化速率高于只加入碳源的反硝化速率,约有37％～39％的脱氮作用是由反硝化聚磷菌完成的;(2)当有外碳源存在时,反硝化速率是无外碳源时的1.6倍左右,PHB含量高的污泥表现出反硝化吸磷现象,PHB含量低的污泥表现出反硝化释磷现象;(3)在缺氧条件下,吸磷量与消耗PHB的比值为0．71～0．86,低于在好氧条件下的1．08。     

强化生物除磷系统中聚磷菌菌群特性

为了研究强化除磷系统中聚磷菌(PAOs)菌群特性,通过批次试验分别考察了厌氧/好氧(A/O)污泥和厌氧/缺氧(A/A)污泥吸磷特性。试验结果表明:A/O污泥好氧吸磷速率(qPo)大于缺氧吸磷速率(qPa),而A/A污泥qPo却小于qPa。基于此试验结果可得出目前普遍应用qPa与qPo的比值表征反硝化聚磷菌(DPAOs)占PAOs的相对百分比的方法不合理。聚磷菌菌群构成与电子受体类型有关,根据电子受体类型可将PAOs分为三种,即:PON(既能以氧作为电子受体,也能以硝态氮作为电子受体)、PO(只能以氧作为电子受体)和PN(只能以硝态氮作为电子受体)。     

分段进水脱氮除磷工艺中反硝化除磷的实现与维持

以实际城市生活污水为处理对象,应用改良UCT分段进水工艺研究反硝化除磷的实现途径与维持方法,探讨工艺运行参数对反硝化除磷性能的影响,并分析了强化缺氧吸磷对提高系统脱氮除磷效率的作用和稳定维持反硝化除磷的控制策略。结果表明,通过A/O分段进水工艺向改良UCT分段进水工艺运行方式的转变,可以成功富集反硝化聚磷菌,最高比例达39.2%,污泥缺氧吸磷速率为3.19～4.48 mg P·（g VSS）^-1·h^-1。缺氧/好氧吸磷速率和磷去除率随厌氧池体积的增加而增加,最佳体积分配为34/102/204 L（1/3/6）。控制污泥回流和内循环分别为100%相似文献   

A2O工艺中反硝化除磷及过量曝气对生物除磷的影响

如何有效提高城市污水厂除磷效率一直是研究的热点,而反硝化除磷菌可以在碳源不足的条件下,通过“一碳两用”的方式同时实现反硝化脱氮和吸磷作用,是一种新型高效的技术.试验以啤酒废水为研究对象,验证了厌氧-缺氧-好氧（A²O）工艺中反硝化除磷现象的存在及其对系统脱氮除磷的影响.试验结果表明,A²O系统稳定运行时,反硝化聚磷菌在缺氧区可利用在厌氧段储存的PHB大量吸磷,同时氮也得到去除,计算表明缺氧除磷量可占厌氧总释磷量的71.3%,另外可节约曝气能耗25%.无论系统进水COD浓度从200 mg•L^-1变化为400 mg•L^-1,COD、总氮和总磷去除率总能保持较高水平,平均出水总氮和总磷浓度分别小于10 mg•L^-1和0.30 mg•L^-1.另外发现,过量曝气对系统除磷具有明显的影响,导致除磷效率降低,甚至会产生不吸磷现象,系统需要经过约一个污泥龄时间才能恢复其吸磷能力,所以应加强系统曝气的控制.     

好氧聚磷污泥反硝化除磷特性研究

以培养成功的好氧聚磷污泥为研究对象,考察其在硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐存在下的反硝化除磷特性。结果表明,好氧聚磷污泥在在未经厌氧/缺氧驯化条件下已具有良好反硝化聚磷特性。好氧聚磷污泥可利用硝酸盐作为电子受体进行脱氮除磷,在硝酸盐耗尽后停止聚磷,在一定的浓度范围内聚磷量与硝酸盐消耗量具有线性关系。在以亚硝酸盐作为电子受体的条件下,好氧聚磷污泥与反硝化聚磷污泥具有相似特点:在初始亚硝酸盐浓度较低情况下可少量聚磷,在其浓度较高时聚磷受到抑制。亚硝酸盐有可能为解偶联剂,在其还原的过程中并不耦合发生聚磷。反硝化速率随着其硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐初始浓度的升高而降低。     

序批式反应器中反硝化除磷脱氮的研究

为了提高污水脱氮除磷的效率,研究采用序批式反应器(SBR工艺)厌氧、好氧和缺氧(AOA)的运行方式富集反硝化聚磷菌(DPB),实现同步脱氮除磷。结果表明:在好氧段投加甲醇作为碳源(25—40 mg/L)可有效抑制好氧吸磷,对硝化反应影响较小,能够在缺氧段实现同时反硝化脱氮除磷。SBR反应器稳定运行10个月,当进水NH4+-N、PO43--P分别为30,15 mg/L时,总氮(TN)和PO43--P的平均去除率分别为82.5%和92.1%。聚磷菌能够利用硝酸盐作为电子受体,DPB占总聚磷菌的比例达到44.8%。与A2O运行方式相比,AOA运行方式更有利于实现DPB的富集。     

序批式活性污泥法反硝化聚磷菌的培养驯化研究

以某污水处理厂活性污泥作为种泥,采用序批式活性污泥法(SBR)进行反硝化聚磷菌(DPB)培养驯化研究。结果表明,经过厌氧-好氧,厌氧-换水-缺氧,厌氧-缺氧,厌氧-缺氧-短时曝气4个阶段培养驯化,系统出水效果良好:出水PO43--P的质量浓度稳定在0.5 mg.L-1以下,平均除磷率达96%;出水COD稳定在50 mg.L-1以下,平均去除率达77%。DPB占聚磷菌的比例约为65.02%。当投加不同含量的NO3--N时,硝酸盐的含量只影响吸磷速率而不影响吸磷量。当缺氧段DPB体内的PHB为限制因素时,缺氧吸磷过程在不同NO3--N含量下基本相同。     

5株聚磷菌的筛选与亚硝化反硝化除磷特性研究

在连续流双污泥亚硝化反硝化除磷系统缺氧池中取泥,筛选出5株聚磷菌,经生理生化鉴定属于4种菌属:肠杆菌属、葡萄球菌属、副球菌属和泛菌属。对4种聚磷菌分别进行厌氧释磷和缺氧吸磷试验以及PHB和异染颗粒染色。结果表明,4种聚磷菌均为亚硝化反硝化聚磷菌。葡萄球菌属、副球菌属、泛菌属和肠杆菌属的单位细胞吸磷质量依次减少。     

A2N2双污泥系统反硝化除磷工艺的启动与稳定

采用低C/N比实际生活污水,以A₂N₂-SBR（厌氧/硝化/缺氧/硝化）双污泥系统为研究对象,重点考察了A₂N₂系统启动过程中的脱氮除磷特性。试验结果表明：采用在A²/O-SBR和N-SBR单元分别接种种泥,分开培养驯化聚磷菌污泥和硝化菌生物膜,并利用A²/O-SBR单元的出水作为N-SBR单元的进水,25 d好氧硝化菌生物膜挂膜成功,氨氮去除率稳定在93%以上;A²/O-SBR单元采用先厌氧/好氧（A/O）后厌氧/缺氧（A/A）的运行方式,43 d成功培养富集了反硝化聚磷菌（DPAOs）,DPAOs占PAOs的67.81%,反硝化除磷率在77.9%以上;启动成功后原水中约73%和13%的COD分别在A²/O-SBR单元的厌氧段和N-SBR单元曝气过程中被去除,系统出水COD、NH⁺₄-N、PO₄^3--P、TN浓度分别为40.6、0、0.4、13.5 mg·L^-1,达到国家《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918-2002）一级A排放标准。     

厌氧／缺氧SBR反硝化除磷过程的研究

Removal of denitrifying phosphorus was verified in a laboratory anaerobic/anoxic sequencing batch reactor (A/A SBR). The results obtained demonstrated that the anaerobic/anoxic strategy can enrich the growth of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB) and take up phosphate under anoxic condition by using nitrate as the electron acceptor. The phosphorus removal efficiency was higher than 90% and the effluent phosphate concentration was lower than 1mg·L^-1 after the A/A SBR was operated in a steady-state. When the chemical oxygen demand(COD) of influent was lower than 180mg·L^-1, the more COD in the influent was, the higher efficiency of phosphorus removal could be attained under anoxic condition. However, simultaneous presence of carbon and nitrate would be detrimental to denitrifying phosphorus removal. Result of influence of sludge retention time (SRT) on denitrifying phosphorus removal suggested that the decrease of SRT caused a washout of DPB and consequently the enhanced biological phosphorus removal decreased with 8 days SRT. When the SRT was restored to 16 days, however, the efficiency of phosphorus removal was higher than 90%.     

改进型分段进水厌氧/缺氧/好氧工艺强化营养物去除

In order to enhance phosphorus removal in traditional step-feed anoxic/oxic nitrogen removal process,a modified pilot-scale step-feed anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (SFA²/O) system was developed,which combined a reactor similar to UCT-type configuration and two-stage anoxic/oxic process.The simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal capacities and the potential of denitrifying phosphorus removal,in particular,were investigated with four different feeding patterns using real municipal wastewater.The results showed that the feeding ratios(Q₁)in the first stage determined the nutrient removal performance in the SFA²/O system.The average phosphorus removal efficiency increased from 19.17% to 96.25% as Q₁ was gradually increased from run 1 to run 4,but the nitrogen removal efficiency exhibited a different tendency,which attained a maximum 73.61% in run 3 and then decreased to 59.62% in run 4.As a compromise between nitrogen and phosphorus removal,run 3 (Q₁=0.45Q_total) was identified as the optimal and stable case with the maximum anoxic phosphorus uptake rate of 1.58mg·(g MLSS)^-1·h^-1.The results of batch tests showed that ratio of the anoxic phosphate uptake capacity to the aerobic phosphate uptake capacity increased from 11.96% to 36.85% with the optimal influent feeding ratio to the system in run 3,which demonstrated that the denitrifying polyP accumulating organisms could be accumulated and contributed more to the total phosphorus removal by optimizing the inflow ratio distribution.However,the nitrate recirculation to anoxic zone and influent feeding ratios should be carefully controlled for carbon source saving.     

溶解氧浓度对连续流活性污泥工艺反硝化除磷的影响

引言 随着水体富营养化问题的日渐突出,污水处理技术逐渐从单一去除有机物为目的的阶段进入既要去除有机物又要脱氮除磷的深度处理阶段[1].     

The beneficial role of intermediate clarification in a novel MBR based process for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal

BACKGROUND: A novel membrane bioreactor (MBR) is described, employing an intermediate clarifier. Unlike the established function of a final clarifier in a conventional biological nutrient removal system, the role of an intermediate clarifier has rarely been studied. Thus, this work focused on explaining the fate of nutrients in the intermediate clarifier, as influenced by the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the preceding anaerobic bioreactor. RESULTS: The system was tested with two different anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic biomass fractions of 0.25/0.25/0.5 (run 1) and 0.15/0.35/0.45 (run 2) using synthetic wastewater. The major findings of the study were that phosphorus (P) removal was affected by the role of the intermediate clarifier. In run 1, P was removed at a rate 0.16 g d⁻¹ in the intermediate clarifier while in run 2, additional P was released at 0.49 g d⁻¹. The nitrogen (N) removal efficiencies were 74 and 75% for runs 1 and 2 respectively, while P removal was 91 and 96%. P uptake by denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms (DPAOs) accounted for 41–52% of the total uptake in the MBR. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that the intermediate clarifier assisted chemical oxygen demand (COD), N, and P removal. With respect to the fate of P, the intermediate clarifier functioned as an extended anaerobic zone when the HRT of the preceding anaerobic zone was insufficient for P release, and as a pre‐anoxic zone when the anaerobic HRT was adequate for P release. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry