超声波预处理对稀缺难浮煤浮选的作用

为提高稀缺难浮煤的浮选效果,引入超声波对稀缺难浮煤矿浆进行预处理,利用Setar-amC80Ⅱ型微量热仪、DCAT21型接触角测定仪和752型可见光光度计研究了超声波预处理后的矿浆的浮选过程.结果表明:当超声波频率为40kHz,矿浆预处理4min后浮选,精煤灰分大致相同时,精煤产率、浮选完善指标和可燃体回收率分别比未经预处理的提高了19.47%,18.80%和24.14%.预处理促进了煤粒与矸石的解离,煤泥的粒度变细;超声波预处理使煤泥的疏水性增强,不同粒级煤泥与水的润湿热以及对煤油的吸附量均有不同程度的降低,煤与水的接触角有不同程度的升高.超声波预处理能提高稀缺难浮煤的浮选效果.     

水质硬度对煤泥浮选的影响

用循环水和自来水作为浮选试验用水,用石膏和硫酸钾作为水质调整剂,通过实验室和工业试验,研究水质硬度对煤泥浮选的影响．结果表明：水质硬度是影响煤和黏土颗粒之间分散稳定性的关键因素．随着水质硬度的升高,浮选精煤灰分提高了1％～2％,但精煤产率没有明显变化．水质硬度小于35。DH时,水质硬度越高,煤和黏土颗粒之间的凝聚作用越强,精煤灰分越高;水质硬度大于35°DH时,这种凝聚作用不再增强,精煤灰分也不再提高．     

电解还原法强化高硫煤浮选脱硫机理研究

采用电解还原法对高硫煤预处理后，使煤表面的含氧官能团减少，疏水性增强；同时，黄铁矿表面初始氧化产物如单质硫和多硫化物被还原，亲水性增强．煤粒和黄铁矿颗粒两者的表面性质向相反的方向改性，从而实现强化浮选分离的目的，理论上分析了煤和黄铁矿表面的改性机理，并通过试验验证了电解还原法强化浮选能够明显地降低浮选精煤中的硫分．对不同煤样的浮选结果表明：北宿煤样的黄铁矿脱除率可达89％以上。     

煤泥分级浮选工艺的研究

为了解决煤泥混合浮选工艺中分选粒度范围过宽、高灰细泥夹带污染精煤,导致浮选精煤灰分高、尾煤灰分低,严重影响精煤产品质量的问题,采用正交试验、小筛分、分步释放浮选实验方法,对影响浮选效果的因素进行深入的探讨,提出了分级浮选工艺：用分级旋流器组进行浮选入料粗、细煤泥分级,〈0.125mm细煤泥采用新型旋流微泡浮选柱-快速双隔膜压滤机处理,0.5～0.125 mm粗煤泥采用原有的浮选机-过滤机处理,实现粗、细煤泥高精度分选和高效脱水.结果表明：应用分级浮选工艺,浮选精煤灰分下降了1.08%,尾煤灰分提高了9.51%,精煤回收率提高了0.73%.     

煤泥高效调浆理论研究与应用

基于煤粒与捕收剂充分接触和有效黏附是实现煤泥调浆前提条件的认识,应用Sommer-feld颗粒间碰撞模型,导出了调浆过程中颗粒分散后的碰撞概率,并用颗粒绕流效应对碰撞概率进行了修正,考察了高剪切条件下实际流场中油滴与煤泥颗粒碰撞的规律.提出了捕收剂与煤泥颗粒有效吸附概率的概念,讨论了煤泥高效调浆的技术途径,并进行了调浆试验.结果表明:提高调浆剪切强度,保证调浆时间是确保浮选精煤回收率和质量的关键,过度调浆不利于提高浮选精煤回收率.     

应用摩擦电选技术降低微粉煤灰分

通过摩擦电选技术对原煤灰分约20％，粒度小于0.074mm，矿物质充分解离的微粉煤进行了干法分选试验，取得了精煤产率63.00％，灰分10．73％和尾煤产率36．80％，灰分32．98％的显著分选效果．试验表明：空气湿度增大后，精煤的产率有所下降，但通过增加极板的长度或提高电场强度，可保证精煤的产率，即摩擦电选过程对空气湿度变化的敏感性不大，主要决定于煤种的电选可选性；吸附在正、负极板上的颗粒主要集中在极板前段，说明物料摩擦带电充分，且正、负极板末端煤样的灰分相差不大，符合分选过程动力学规律。     

氯化钠对煤泥浮选的影响及作用机理

通过对煤粒表面Zeta电位的分析、浮选过程中煤泥颗粒大小的量化评价和矿浆流变性能的研究,探讨了氯化钠对煤泥浮选的影响及作用机理.结果表明:氯化钠的加入降低了煤粒表面的Zeta电位,从而减弱了煤粒之间及煤粒与气泡之间的静电斥力作用,进而促进颗粒之间的凝聚以及颗粒与气泡之间的碰撞和黏附效果;随着氯化钠浓度的增大,矿浆的黏度及表观粒径逐渐增大,这也进一步验证了氯化钠的添加促进了煤粒之间的凝聚,可以使浮选泡沫更加稳定,进而提高煤泥的可燃体回收率.与去离子水体系相比,当氯化钠添加浓度达到0.2mol/L时,煤泥浮选的可燃体回收率提高约26个百分点,达到90.71%.     

煤泥浮选过程中粒度对泡沫性质的影响

针对复杂的三相浮选泡沫,探索了不同粒度煤炭颗粒在浮选过程中产率和灰分的变化规律及其对浮选泡沫性质的影响.将煤炭浮选入料分为粗(500～250μm)、中(250～74同的情况下μ,m)、细(-74μm)3个粒级分别进行单独和混合浮选,在入料性质不同而操作条件相分析各粒级煤炭的浮选精煤产率和灰分,以及相应的浮选泡沫性质,包括水回收率、均一性(气泡尺寸)、破裂气泡尺寸、破裂气泡个数和泡沫速度等.结果表明:粗颗粒的浮选精煤产率明显受到细颗粒的影响,加入细颗粒后产率从30%升高到60%,但粗颗粒精煤灰分基本不变;细颗粒的浮选产率独立性好,基本不受粗颗粒和中颗粒的影响,但细颗粒精煤灰分随粗颗粒和中颗粒的加入而升高.通过对浮选泡沫性质的分析,发现粗颗粒促使气泡破裂并破坏泡沫的稳定性,中颗粒能够显著提高泡沫速度,而细颗粒能够增强泡沫稳定性并且降低泡沫速度.当浮选入料性质,即颗粒粒度改变时,各浮选泡沫性质与精煤灰分的相关性规律与入料性质不变而操作条件改变的常规浮选不同,主要是由不同粒度颗粒的特性差异所导致.     

煤泥浮选过程中粒度对泡沫性质的影响

针对复杂的三相浮选泡沫,探索了不同粒度煤炭颗粒在浮选过程中产率和灰分的变化规律及其对浮选泡沫性质的影响.将煤炭浮选入料分为粗(500～250μm)、中(250～74μm)、细(-74μm)3个粒级分别进行单独和混合浮选,在入料性质不同而操作条件相同的情况下,分析各粒级煤炭的浮选精煤产率和灰分,以及相应的浮选泡沫性质,包括水回收率、均一性(气泡尺寸)、破裂气泡尺寸、破裂气泡个数和泡沫速度等.结果表明:粗颗粒的浮选精煤产率明显受到细颗粒的影响,加入细颗粒后产率从30%升高到60%,但粗颗粒精煤灰分基本不变;细颗粒的浮选产率独立性好,基本不受粗颗粒和中颗粒的影响,但细颗粒精煤灰分随粗颗粒和中颗粒的加入而升高.通过对浮选泡沫性质的分析,发现粗颗粒促使气泡破裂并破坏泡沫的稳定性,中颗粒能够显著提高泡沫速度,而细颗粒能够增强泡沫稳定性并且降低泡沫速度.当浮选入料性质,即颗粒粒度改变时,各浮选泡沫性质与精煤灰分的相关性规律与入料性质不变而操作条件改变的常规浮选不同,主要是由不同粒度颗粒的特性差异所导致.     

煤泥浮选过程中粒度对泡沫性质的影响

针对复杂的三相浮选泡沫,探索了不同粒度煤炭颗粒在浮选过程中产率和灰分的变化规律及其对浮选泡沫性质的影响.将煤炭浮选入料分为粗(500～250μm)、中(250～74同的情况下μ,m)、细(-74μm)3个粒级分别进行单独和混合浮选,在入料性质不同而操作条件相分析各粒级煤炭的浮选精煤产率和灰分,以及相应的浮选泡沫性质,包括水回收率、均一性(气泡尺寸)、破裂气泡尺寸、破裂气泡个数和泡沫速度等.结果表明:粗颗粒的浮选精煤产率明显受到细颗粒的影响,加入细颗粒后产率从30%升高到60%,但粗颗粒精煤灰分基本不变;细颗粒的浮选产率独立性好,基本不受粗颗粒和中颗粒的影响,但细颗粒精煤灰分随粗颗粒和中颗粒的加入而升高.通过对浮选泡沫性质的分析,发现粗颗粒促使气泡破裂并破坏泡沫的稳定性,中颗粒能够显著提高泡沫速度,而细颗粒能够增强泡沫稳定性并且降低泡沫速度.当浮选入料性质,即颗粒粒度改变时,各浮选泡沫性质与精煤灰分的相关性规律与入料性质不变而操作条件改变的常规浮选不同,主要是由不同粒度颗粒的特性差异所导致.     

Study of Enhanced Fine Coal De-sulphurization and De-ashing by Ultrasonic Flotation

The feasibility of using ultrasound to enhance the performance of de-sulphurization and de-ashing during slime flotation was investigated. The Setararn C80 calorimeter, the contact angle gauge DCAT21 and an electrophoresis apparatus were used to study the surface nature of coal, pyrite and refuse before and after ultrasonic conditioning. The yield, ash and sulfur contents of equally sized coal slimes were also measured before and after ultrasonic conditioning. The results show that ultrasonic conditioning can drive the separation of pyrite and refuse from coal. After ultrasonic conditioning the hydrophobicity of coal and hydrophilicity of pyrite and refuse increase. The perfect index of flotation, the perfect index of de-sulphurization and the percentage of de-sulphurization increase by 22.51%, 25.36% and 2.49%, respectively. This study shows that ultrasonic conditioning can enhance the performance of de-sulphurization and de-ashing of coal flotation methods.     

Coal flotation using wash oil as a new type of collector

The use of wash oil as a coal collector is proposed to overcome the disadvantages of regular collectors in coal slime flotation. These disadvantages include high price, limited sources and high consumption. The effect of additives on flotation was studied and an innovative "one rough separation-one cleaning separation" flotation technology was developed. The experimental results show that the clean coal ash content decreases by about 1.36% and the clean coal yield declines by around 10% with the application of the depressant. There is an increase of 3.76% in the yield of clean coal and a decrease of 0.40% in the ash content caused by utilizing a dispersant. An ultimate product having an ash content of 10.78% and yield of 70.12% can be attained using a combination of dispersant and depressant. The use of this new technology decreases the ash content by 1.21%, decreases the yield by 2.80% and an increases the coal flotation perfect index by 2.03%. Compared to common flotation, the utilization of the new technology reduces ash by 0.17%, increases yield by 5.3% and increases perfect index by 4.18%.     

Effects of clay and calcium ions on coal flotation

The microflotation of three single minerals, mixed coal–kaolinite and mixed coal–montmorillonite were examined to study the effects of clay and calcium ions on coal flotation. The results show that the ash content of flotation concentrate increases by 3% in the presence of clay minerals, and the ash content would further increase by 3% in co-presence of clay minerals and high concentration of Ca²⁺. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and elemental spectrum analysis indicate that fine clay particles that coat on the coal surface, which is called slime coating, can affect the coal flotation. The slime coating would be induced much more easily in the presence of Ca²⁺.     

Research on Effect of Magnetized Pulp on Coal Slime Flotation

Effect of magnetization on oxygen concentration, pH, surface zeta potential, and wet heat of flotation pulp were researched. The result shows that magnetization treatment can improve the floatablility of coal and increase the difference in wet heat among coal, refuse, and pyrite, which is favorable for slime flotation and for removing sulfur and ash from coal.     

极细粒煤选择性双向絮凝脱硫降灰实验研究

介绍了选择性双向絮凝分选原理，根据该原理研究了极细粒煤泥深度脱硫降灰技术，分析了煤样粒度、非极性油与分散剂用量对选择性双向絮凝分选效果的影响，结果表明：使用该技术对极细粒煤泥分选后，可使其灰分降到1％以下，可燃体回收率达90％以上(最高值达94．57％)，产率达69．77％．脱硫时，可将硫分从3％降到0．4％以下，而且脱硫的同时可以脱灰。     

空气分级与空气重介流化床分选联合工艺研究

分析了固体颗粒在气-固流化床中的受力情况和运动方程，通过理论分析和实验得出了空气重介流化床分选入料的适宜粒级。讨论了空气重介流化床分选对入料粒度上下限的控制方法和存在问题，介绍了潮湿原煤空气分级新方法。试验表明，空气分级对潮湿原煤颗粒表面的煤粉有“清洗”作用，脱粉效果好，粗粒产物中含粉率仅为0.2%。这对控制入料粉量，稳定流化床密度和减少介质净化非常有利；空气分级还有分选作用，就试验煤种而言，其细粒级产物灰分比原煤中同粒级灰分降低1.7个百分点，比原煤灰分降低7.5个百分点，空气分级和空气重价流化床分选结合，可优化干法选煤工艺，降低工程投资和分选成本50%以上。     

Performance analysis of jig for coal cleaning using 3D response surface methodology

Beneficiation of coal of -4.76 mm + 3 mm size fraction was investigated in a laboratory model Denver jig.Process variables were studied to analyze their effect on the performance of jig in terms of yield and ash content of clean coal. Three-factor three-level Box-Behnken design of experiments with response surface methodology(RSM) was employed to understand the performance behavior of jig. From the study, the bed height was found to be the most significant parameter affecting the yield and ash content of clean coal. It was possible to reduce the ash content from 24.32% in feed to an ash content of 16.55% in clean coal at 2 L/min water flow rate and 10 min jigging time. Influence of operating variables of the jig on responses was presented and discussed in 3D surface plots. The developed model was found to be significant within the range of parameters under investigation with correlation of co-efficient values as 0.99(yield) and 0.98(ash).     

Triboelectrostatic Separation-anEfficient Method of Producing Low Ash Clean Coal

1　 IntroductionActive carbon has been used in fields ofmedicine,food,environmental protection,mili-tary,and so on,because it has a developed innerspace and a tremendous specific surface area.Thepresent active carbon produced from coal is in itslow- grade because of the high ash contentof feed-stock coal.To deeply remove ash and producelow- ash ( <3% or <2 % ) clean coal is the keystep to produce high- grade coal- base active car-bon.At present,the wet processing is the mainmethod of fine coal…