低温等离子体协同催化降解挥发性有机物的研究进展

低温等离子体协同催化技术在挥发性有机物（VOCs）治理中因具有反应高效、反应条件温和、设备简易等优点而受到广泛的研究和应用。文章介绍了低温等离子体协同催化降解VOCs的基本原理、技术研究进展,简述了低温等离子体的高反应活性在与催化剂的高反应选择性结合后所产生的协同作用,二者的结合不但提高了VOCs的降解效率、减少有害副产物生成,还弥补了单一使用低温等离子体技术的高能耗、副产物多的缺陷。此外,分析了低温等离子体与催化剂的联合方式及特点、低温等离子体与催化剂之间的相互作用和影响以及低温等离子体联合不同类型催化剂的协同原理。指出了研究中对完整机理分析的欠缺以及应用过程中对中间过程监测分析的困难,这也是低温等离子体协同催化降解挥发性有机物研究中的重要内容。     

光热协同催化净化挥发性有机物的研究进展及展望

挥发性有机物（VOCs）是一类重要的空气污染物。催化氧化技术可以将VOCs转化为无毒的CO₂和H₂O,是有效的治理方式之一。针对传统的热催化氧化技术的高能耗和光催化净化VOCs技术的低效率问题,光催化耦合强化热催化的光热协同催化净化VOCs技术近些年来受到广泛关注,并表现出比传统热催化或光催化净化技术更优异的净化性能。总结了近年国内外研究者在光热催化净化VOCs领域所取得的主要研究进展,重点讨论了光热协同作用机制的认知和光热协同催化材料的设计理念,包括贵金属型和金属氧化物型光热协同催化材料,并对光热协同催化净化技术的未来发展方向进行了展望。     

Catalysis in VOC Abatement

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are harmful to environment and human health. Catalytic oxidation has been used in VOC abatement for over 60 years, and it has proven to be an effective technology. A large variety of VOCs set high demands for the treatment, and therefore catalytic oxidation needs still to be developed further. This paper reviews current aspects and future research needs related to VOCs and catalytic VOC treatment concentrating on solvent-based, chlorinated and sulphur-containing VOCs.     

Design of novel Pt-structured catalyst on anodic aluminum support for VOC’s catalytic combustion

Emission control of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is one of the priorities for environmental catalysis. Catalytic combustion is one of promising technologies for elimination of VOCs. A novel platinum-structured catalyst was designed and is presented in this work. Aluminum was used as support for the catalyst after anodic oxidation treatment and in a shifted arrangement bent, short channels are applied in the design of the structured catalyst. The simulation results show that the novel design of the structured catalyst brings in the higher catalytic activity, compared with the traditional structured catalyst which has long, straight channels. Lastly, the novel structured catalyst was manufactured and its catalytic activity was evaluated with the catalytic combustion of VOC. The results show that the conversion obtained from the reactor with the structured catalyst is almost identical to that obtained from the tube reactor packed with the plate catalyst in which the reaction rate is controlled by surface reactions. Hence, it can be concluded that the mass transfer can be improved by the novel design of the structured catalyst and that the mass transfer in gas phase is not the rate-determining step for the catalytic combustion of VOC.     

锰基催化剂协同等离子降解VOCs研究进展

等离子催化技术中,Mn基催化剂以其优异的催化降解VOCs和臭氧性能受到国内外研究者的广泛关注。本文从以下方面进行了综述：催化剂在等离子降解中的作用机理,包括改变放电状态、激发新的活性自由基、提供反应位点;常见的单金属及复合金属活性相类型;介绍了浸渍法、水热合成法、溶胶凝胶法和共沉淀法等主要制备方法;催化剂和等离子的协同方式;从统计角度分析文献报道中Mn基催化剂对甲苯的降解效率及抑制臭氧、NO_x的作用;最后对其研究前景进行了展望：Mn基催化剂将依然是该领域的研究热点;通过引入其他金属和非金属、增加活性相分散度、提升载体吸附性能等方法进一步提高催化剂活性和稳定性;利用原位技术探索等离子与活性相的作用机理。     

挥发性有机化合物催化氧化技术

基于环境友好,对使用催化氧化法去除挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的原理、特点以及催化剂、工艺流程等研究进行综述。挥发性有机化合物完全催化氧化机理分为:Mars-van Krevelen(MVK)模型、Langmuir-Hinshelwood(L-H)模型和Eley-Rideal(E-R)模型。复合金属氧化物催化剂是研究的热点,去除VOCs的核心是使反应温度降低,即具有低温和高活性的催化剂。延长催化剂寿命、提高去除效率也可以带来良好的节能效果和降低投资成本。对于低浓度和大体积VOCs排放,可通过吸附+催化混合法先进技术实现去除,且成功应用于实践。     

挥发性有机物燃烧催化剂的研究进展

挥发性有机物（VOCs）是主要大气污染物质,也是形成PM_2.5和臭氧的重要前体。强化挥发性有机物控制,是改善大气环境的重要途径。催化燃烧（氧化）被认为是去除VOCs最有效的方式之一,本文综述了VOCs催化燃烧常用的贵金属催化剂、非贵金属催化剂。其中,贵金属催化剂主要包括基于Pd、Pt、Ru等的催化剂,非贵金属催化剂主要包括Mn、Co、Ce、Zr等的氧化物,通常贵金属催化剂具有比非贵金属更高的氧化活性和稳定性,但对于含氮VOCs非贵金属催化剂（Mn、Cu）具有更好的氮气选择性,Cr基催化剂对于含氯VOCs燃烧具有更好的效果。此外,还重点讨论了载体、分散度、催化剂制备方法对贵金属催化剂性能的影响,并对发展VOCs氧化催化剂的研究提出了展望。     

Catalytic combustion of VOCs on non-noble metal catalysts

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are toxic and contribute significantly to the formation of the photochemical smog, which has remarkable impact to the air quality; therefore, the research on the removal of VOCs has attracted increasing interests during the last decade. This review covers the recent developments in catalytic combustion of VOCs over non-noble metal catalysts including mixed metal oxide catalysts, perovskite catalysts and Au-containing catalysts. The effect of water vapor, coke formation and the effect of supports on the catalytic combustion process will be discussed. The concept of an adsorption/catalytic combustion dual functional system is introduced and several examples of such systems are evaluated. To develop efficient and cost effective VOC removal technologies, further research in catalytic combustion needs to develop novel non-noble metal catalysts and adsorbents, and improve the understanding of catalytic mechanisms involved.     

Influence of the heat exchangers’ construction material on catalytic incineration

In industrial scale catalytic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) incineration it is sometimes observed that the VOC conversions are higher than expected, based on the laboratory scale experiments at the same temperatures. One reason for this is that the construction material of the industrial scale catalytic incinerator may have an effect on the total VOC conversion. In this study, the effect of construction material on VOC removal activity is studied through laboratory experiments, by thermodynamic calculations and by flow modelling. The results showed that copper and Aluzinc decreased the light-off temperature (T₅₀) of n-butyl acetate compared to thermal experiments. Copper and Aluzinc did not, however, further decrease the T₅₀ when they were introduced into the reactor packed with the catalyst. The higher total VOC conversion observed in the industrial scale incinerator is presumably due to the higher temperatures at the outlet of the catalyst, which is maintained by the heat exchangers.     

负载贵金属催化剂在挥发性有机物氧化反应中的应用

挥发性有机物(VOCs)是大气污染的主要来源,危害人体健康。催化氧化法是消除挥发性有机物的有效手段,其核心是高效催化剂,新型、高活性、高稳定性催化剂的研发具有重要意义。简要综述近年来负载Au、Pd和Pt贵金属催化剂对VOCs氧化消除的催化性能,分析VOCs氧化在典型催化剂表面形成的活性物种及其对催化活性的影响,并展望VOCs催化氧化的未来发展趋势。     

催化燃烧技术在石化企业VOCs处理中的进展

催化燃烧技术是目前工业上最有效的处理低浓度挥发性有机物（VOCs）技术之一.文章介绍了石化企业催化燃烧技术中常用催化剂活性和载体,综述了近年来VOCs催化燃烧催化剂的国内外研究近况,指出未来可以应用到工业化中的新兴催化剂.     

催化型低温等离子体反应器净化废气研究进展

催化型低温等离子体反应器可有效地提高废气治理的能量效率和净化效果.现有数据表明,在一定能量密度下,催化型低温等离子体反应器比传统低温等离子体反应器能量效率有1.1～12倍的提高,这和污染物种类,反应器构型及催化剂参数有关.本文介绍了反应机理、反应器构型及催化剂参数选择等对反应器性能的影响,并指出今后研究的发展方向.     

介质阻挡放电技术处理挥发性有机物的研究进展

介质阻挡放电技术在处理低浓度挥发性有机物（VOCs）过程中具有反应快速、工艺简单及适应范围广等优点而受到广泛关注。本文从介质阻挡放电单独使用和介质阻挡放电协同催化两方面进行了概括总结。首先,简述了介质阻挡放电处理VOCs所用的驱动电源和等离子体发生器的研究现状及气体性质对VOCs降解性能的影响;其次,介绍了介质阻挡放电协同催化的两种方式（内置式和后置式）及各自情况下采用不同催化剂强化VOCs去除性能、提高能量效率、抑制副产物生成的过程机理;最后,分析了介质阻挡放电技术处理低浓度VOCs过程中存在的关键问题,并提出了未来的重要研究方向为：等离子体催化体系中VOCs的界面反应机理;催化剂的抗积碳性能的提高;适用于多组分VOCs的高效催化剂的开发。     

Catalytic combustion of methane in the presence of organic and inorganic compounds over La0.9Ce0.1CoO3 catalyst

The catalytic combustion of the emission from coke ovens containing various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and inorganic species over a La_0.9Ce_0.1CoO₃ catalyst is investigated in an integral fixed reactor through several steps. (1) Combustion of a mixture of VOC reveals that the kinetics of total oxidation of methane determines the total VOC conversion. (2) The conversion of methane, in the case of sulfur-free feed is inhibited by H₂O and CO₂.     

绿色化学中的新催化方法

本文简述了绿色化学中几种有前景的新催化方法，包括固体酸取代液体酸的酸催化，晶格氧代替分子氧的氧化，TS－1分子筛H2O2的清洁氧化新工艺及羰化催化的新发展。     

Environmental plasma-catalysis for the energy-efficient treatment of volatile organic compounds

Nonthermal plasma (NTP) coupled with catalysis is a promising technique for the abatement of dilute volatile organic compounds (VOCs), because it is operable under mild reaction conditions, i.e., low temperature and atmospheric pressure. This review addresses the mechanistic aspects of catalyst activation by NTP, such as the generation and fixation of reactive species, facilitation of redox cycles, photocatalysis, and local heating, to clarify the combined effects of plasma and catalysis. The plasma-catalytic removal of VOCs preferentially requires the catalyst to have a large specific surface area, high surface oxygen storage capacity, and to be highly reducible. The energy consumption and deactivation of catalysts are considered by comparing continuous and cyclic operations in terms of specific input energy, VOC removal and energy efficiencies, and byproduct formation. Based on the information in the literature, a plasma-catalytic system operating in cyclic adsorption-oxidation mode is recommended for the treatment of air contaminated by dilute VOCs. Finally, the effects of NTP on the regeneration of deactivated catalysts are also discussed.     

A review of prospects and challenges of photocatalytic decomposition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under humid environment

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are harmful for humans and the surrounding ecosystem. Emissions from these pollutants have caused a significant reduction in air quality, which has an effect on people's health. Alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, aromatics, and other VOC pollutants have all been broken down by TiO₂ photocatalytic processes. Due to several operating inefficiencies and deactivation issues in humid environments, the practical application of photocatalysis has not been realized on a broader scale. The effectiveness of photo-oxidation of VOCs is impacted by a variety of environmental conditions. In the photocatalytic oxidation of the VOCs, relative humidity (RH) is critical. Therefore, it is important to review the recent findings on how humidity affects the photocatalytic breakdown of VOCs in air. To satisfy this need, this work provides a critical review of the related literature with focus on the fundamentals of photocatalysis, photocatalytic degradation of air pollutants, and the influence of humidity on the photocatalytic process degradation for selected air pollutants. It also highlights the kinetic models and typical photocatalytic reactor and supports for VOC removal.     

低温等离子体协同催化处理VOC技术中填充材料的研究进展

低温等离子体协同催化净化挥发性有机物(VOC)的方法是一种新型高效的有毒、有害气体处理技术。目前,该技术的完善和改进的主要途径归结于在等离子体反应区填充催化材料上。作者对该技术国内外研究现状进行了综述性评价,对等离子体反应器填充材料进行了分类,对填充材料的性能在等离子体作用前后的变化进行了讨论,在此基础上探讨了低温等离子体-催化协同净化气体技术的发展趋势。     

污泥生物炭催化高级氧化过程进展

作为废水处理过程的副产物,污泥的高效处理处置是环保领域的难题之一。通过高温热解将污泥转化为生物炭是一种有效的污泥资源化途径。污泥生物炭不仅可作为“吸附剂”吸附去除水体中污染物,还可作为新型“催化剂”高效催化高级氧化过程以降解水体中的有机污染物。本文综述了近些年来国内外关于污泥生物炭在高级氧化技术领域尤其是催化过硫酸盐（PS）、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）、臭氧（O₃）以及光催化等氧化过程降解有机污染物的研究进展。通过探讨污泥生物炭的表面官能团、掺杂改性杂原子、负载过渡金属及其氧化物以及与其他技术耦合催化降解有机污染物的研究现状,进一步揭示污泥生物炭催化作用的关键活性位点以及催化机理。最后提出该领域目前面临的主要问题及未来发展方向,为污泥生物炭进一步实现高附加值资源化利用提供重要参考。     

介质阻挡放电协同复合碳材料去除VOCs

挥发性有机物（VOCs）是常见的空气污染物,实验研究低温等离子体催化技术去除以甲苯为代表的VOCs。采用炭粉末、酚醛树脂和致孔有机高分子聚合物的有机溶剂混合物作为前驱物,经过炭化、水汽活化和负载锰催化剂,制备一种基于发泡金属的复合碳材料。采用扫描电子显微镜、XRD、全自动比表面积及微孔孔隙分析仪对材料进行表征。两段式介质阻挡放电反应器结合复合碳材料降解甲苯,前段介质阻挡放电初步降解甲苯,后段复合碳材料利用介质阻挡放电产生的长寿命活性物种和臭氧进一步去除甲苯。输入电压为10 kV时,甲苯去除率约99.4％,CO₂选择性达72.2%,并且有效控制了副产物臭氧。实验结果表明,复合碳材料有望应用于如臭氧和VOCs等的污染控制。