氯氟氰菊酯的气相色谱分析

采用气相色谱法分析氯氟氰菊酯的含量,试样用三氯甲烷溶解,以磷酸三苯酯为内标物,使用5%SE-30/Chromsorb W-HP为填充物的玻璃柱和氢火焰离子化检测器,对试样中的氯氟氰菊酯进行气相色谱分析.方法的标准偏差为0.28%,变异系数为0.29%,平均回收率为100.37% ,线性相关系数为0.9999.     

2．5％高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂研制探索

2．5％高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂具有贮藏稳定性好、使用安全、对环境污染小等特点,具有良好的开发应用前景,其优化配方：高效氯氟氰菊醢2．5％,甲醇10％。二甲苯5％,well-5019%,well-5043％,去离子水补至100％。     

氯氟氰菊酯的气相色谱分析

氯氟氰菊酯化学名称为α-氰基-3-苯氧苄基-3(2-氯-3,3,3-三氟-1-丙烯基)-2,2-甲基环丙烷羧酸酯。其分析方法国内尚未见报道。我们用上分103型气相层析仪,氢火焰离子化检测器,以测量峰高,外标定量,获得了准确度、精密度均较为满意的结果。     

高效氯氟氰菊酯在不同有机溶剂中的光化学降解研究

研究了以氙灯为光源,高效氯氟氰菊酯在不同有机溶剂中的光化学降解情况。结果表明:高效氯氟氰菊酯在正己烷、甲醇、乙腈、丙酮4种有机溶剂中,当浓度为10mg/L时,光解半衰期分别为2.95、3.88、5.27、50.6h;当浓度为20mg/L时,光解半衰期分别为2.77、4.32、4.67、36.9h。有机溶剂中光解速率顺序是:正己烷﹥甲醇﹥乙腈﹥丙酮。     

氯氟氰菊酯乳油的气相色谱分析

氯氟氰菊酯分析有过报道,本文用气相色谱对其乳油进行定量分析。 实验部分 一、仪器与试剂 1.仪器:山东鲁南化工仪器厂生产的SP-501N气相色谱仪,氢火焰离子检测器,10微升微量注射器。 2.试剂与样品 丙酮、氯仿等溶剂均为分析纯 内标物:邻苯二甲酸二壬酯(色谱纯) 标准样品:英国卜内门化学有限公司进口     

2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂的液相色谱分析

采用高效液相色谱法分析2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂。使用RX-SIL正相柱和紫外检测波长278nm,以正已烷＋四氢呋喃（99.3＋0.7V/V）为流动相,流速为2.0mL/min,用外标法对有效成分进行定量分析。结果表明：2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂的线性方程为A=3826.2X＋16060,相关系数为0.9998,标准偏差为0.039,变异系数为1.53%,平均回收率为99.36%。     

2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂的气相色谱分析

采用气相色谱分析2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂,固定相为SE-30,内标物为磷酸三苯酯,高效氯氟氰菊酯色谱峰与内标物色谱峰的分离度为5.0。方法的相关系数为0.999 2,标准偏差为0.29,变异系数为0.86%,平均回收率为99.6%。     

58%吡虫啉·高效氯氟氰菊酯悬浮剂的制备

[目的]吡虫啉与高效氯氟氰菊酯复配制备高含量悬浮剂混剂。[方法]利用湿法砂磨加工工艺,对58%吡虫啉·高效氯氟氰菊酯悬浮剂的配方中各个组分进行筛选和优化。[结果]该制剂的较优配方:吡虫啉50%,高效氯氟氰菊酯8%,SC209 3%,YUS-SC3 1%,1602#3%,乙二醇5%,白炭黑1.5%,黄原胶0.15%,苯甲酸钠0.2%,消泡剂0.4%,水补足至100%。[结论]该制剂性能指标的检测结果显示其各项控制项目指标均符合悬浮剂的相关标准。     

高效氯氟氰菊酯微囊悬浮剂色谱分析中的化学稳定性研究

本文针对高效氯氟氰菊酯微囊悬浮剂在毛细管气相色谱分析过程中所表现的化学不稳定现象,通过实验找到了一种稳定剂TF,该稳定剂能有效的抑制高效氯氟氰菊酯向低效异构体的转化及降解。该方法简便、快速,并可扩展到用于高效氯氟氰菊酯水基化制剂产品工业化生产的质量检测。     

氯氟氰菊酯的气液色谱分析

关于氯氟氰菊酯的分析测试,I.C.I公司采用毛细管色谱法和液相色谱法,我们对其气液色谱分析进行了研究,得到了较为满意的结果。 一、仪器与试剂 仪器:北分SP-3402气相色谱仪,具氢火焰离子化检测器。配 HP-3394A积分仪。 试剂:氯氟氰菊酯纯品(I.C.I)公司提供);邻苯二甲酸二壬酯(经色谱鉴定无干扰杂质);二氯甲烷(分析纯)。     

小球藻处理养猪业沼液研究

利用不同浓度的沼液驯化小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)得到耐高浓度沼液的优势藻株,然后用于处理养猪业沼液.结果表明:在曝气条件下培养小球藻能够高效利用沼液中的养分并使沼液得到高度净化.小球藻处理10 d后沼液中主要有机物指标:化学需氧量(COD)、悬浮物、氨氮(NH4+-N)、总磷(TP)分别下降到162.3、52、14.66 mg/L和7.57 mg/L,对应去除率分别为77.61％、91％、94.76％和80.03％.处理结果低于国标规定的集约化养猪业水污染物最高允许日排放质量浓度400、200、80 mg/L和8 mg/L.     

污水处理中小球藻的自絮凝特性

以BG11(+N)培养基和模拟生活污水为底物,考察了污水处理小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的自絮凝特性,探究了自絮凝机理。结果表明:以短沉淀时间运行,小球藻在模拟生活污水中自然形成絮体,沉降性良好;藻细胞表面粗糙,含有丝状、胶状胞外聚合物;絮体内部含有大量短杆菌、球菌;絮体具有相对较高的Na、P、Fe、Ca、Mg元素含量,无机物中主要物质形态为Ca4O(PO4)2。污水处理小球藻的絮凝机理为:基质条件及反应器运行参数等促使藻细胞生理过程发生改变,藻细胞分泌更多絮凝性胞外聚合物增强黏附,生化过程富集P、Fe、Ca、Mg元素改善沉降性,絮凝性细菌大量繁殖促进菌藻共絮凝。     

利用小球藻构建微生物燃料电池

利用分离的小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)构建了光合微生物燃料电池,考察了小球藻加入阴阳极和以废水为底物的电池产电性能及机理. 结果表明,构建的微生物燃料电池是可行的,电能输出主要依赖吸附在电极表面的藻,而与悬浮在溶液中的藻基本无关. 光照是该燃料电池电压变化的主要影响因素之一. 在阴极室中添加铁离子,通过其二和三价间的循环转化,提高电子的传递速率,加快质子和氧气的反应,电池的输出功率密度达到11.82 mW/m2,COD去除率达到40%. 这种电池将化学能、光能转化为电能的同时可处理污水并回收小球藻.     

小球藻生物阴极型微生物燃料电池的基础特性

利用自行设计的阴极管状光生物反应器式微生物燃料电池(MFC)作为实验模型,考察了阴极室投加小球藻后不同光暗周期下电池的产电、阴极溶氧及阴极藻的生长情况. 结果表明,阴极投加小球藻后,电池产电性能明显提高,光暗间歇组最大功率密度为24.4 mW/m2,持续光照组最大功率密度为27.5 mW/m2. 阴极溶氧及电化学分析证实溶氧是影响电压变化的主要因素,持续光照组溶氧较稳定,但比光暗间歇组光照阶段溶氧水平低;MFC阴极室培养小球藻不会对其造成毒害,光暗间歇时小球藻生长较好. 运行小球藻生物阴极型MFC采用光暗间歇培养较好,并可适当延长光照时间.     

曝气间隔对普通小球藻生物质积累的影响

细胞高密度培养有利于降低微藻规模化培养成本及其生物柴油制造的成本,曝气是影响微藻规模化高密度培养的重要因素之一。以普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris,FACHB-1227)为研究对象,采用BG11培养基,于新型套管式沿程曝气光生物反应系统中,以细胞密度为检测指标,实验研究了曝气间隔时间对藻液中细胞密度、藻液pH值、溶氧量变化的影响。控制每次曝气时气体流量为10L/min、持续时间为0.5h,培养周期为15天。结果表明,藻液中积累的溶解氧能够及时排除,进入生物质积累稳定期时,藻液的pH值基本恒定;微藻生长稳定期时(培养12天),曝气间隔0.5h时细胞密度为7.22×106个/mL,相比于1h、1.5h、2h分别提高了9.56%、41.02%和122.1%。可见,适当减少曝气间隔时间,可显著提高藻细胞密度。     

Green microalga Chlorella vulgaris as a potential feedstock for biodiesel

BACKGROUND: A major bottleneck in microalgal biodiesel production is lipid content, which is often low in microalgal species. The present study examines Chlorella vulgaris as a potential feedstock for biodiesel by identifying and evaluating the relationships between the critical variables that enhance the lipid yield, and characterizes the biodiesel produced for various properties. RESULTS: Factors affecting lipid accumulation in a green microalga, Chlorella vulgaris were examined. Multifactor optimization raised the lipid pool to 55% dry cell weight against 9% control. When C. vulgaris cells pre‐grown in glucose (0.7%)‐supplemented medium were transferred to the optimized condition at the second stage, the lipid yield was boosted to 1974 mg L^?1, a value almost 20‐fold higher than for the control. The transesterified C. vulgaris oil showed the presence of ～82% saturated fatty acids, with palmitate and stearate as major components, thus highlighting the oxidative stability of C. vulgaris biodiesel. The fuel properties (density, viscosity, acid value, iodine value, calorific value, cetane index, ash and water contents) are comparable with the international (ASTM and EN) and Indian (IS) biodiesel standards. CONCLUSION: C. vulgaris biomass with 55% lipid content and adequate fuel properties is potentially a renewable feedstock for biodiesel. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

普通小球藻异养-光自养串联培养的培养基

采用单因素实验和均匀实验获得了适合于普通小球藻异养-光自养串联培养的培养基(HA-SK培养基),其关键是C/N比和保证足够的C, N供应. 采用该培养基在摇瓶中异养-光自养串联培养普通小球藻,异养培养结束时细胞密度达13.17 g/L,经过36 h光自养培养后藻体蛋白质和叶绿素含量分别达49.75%和30.17 mg/g. 用5 L生物反应器和1 L平板光生物反应器串联培养,藻细胞密度最高可达15.36 g/L,藻体蛋白质和叶绿素含量分别达54.78%和31.23 mg/g. 表明采用HA-SK培养基进行异养-光自养串联培养可实现普通小球藻的高密度高品质培养.     

Supercritical CO2 extraction of pigment components with pharmaceutical importance from Chlorella vulgaris

BACKGROUND: Chlorella vulgaris is a green microalgae that contains various pigment components of carotenoids and chlorophylls. Supercritical CO₂ is widely used for extraction of pharmaceutical compounds because it is non‐oxic and easily separated from extracted material by simply depressurizing. In this work, pharmaceutical compounds from Chlorella vulgaris have been extracted using supercritical CO₂ with or without entrainer at various extraction conditions. RESULTS: Based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, the extracts contained pigment components, such as lutein, β‐carotene, chlorophyll a and b. Higher extraction pressure and temperature promoted higher lutein extraction by supercritical CO₂. The optimum pressure and temperature for extraction were obtained as 50 MPa and 80 °C. Ethanol as an entrainer was more effective than acetone for the extraction of pigment components. Pigment components in the extract obtained by supercritical CO₂ with and without entrainer were compared with the extract obtained by a conventional extraction method. CONCLUSION: Supercritical CO₂ has been successfully applied for the extraction of pigment components from Chlorella vulgaris. Supercritical CO₂ enabled high selectivity for lutein extraction; however, the lutein yield was lower than that obtained by extraction using supercritical CO₂ with ethanol and soxhlet. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Nutraceutical Compounds from Chlorella vulgaris Extracted in Hydrothermal Condition

Abstract

Water in hydrothermal condition has been used for extraction of nutraceutical compounds from Chlorella vulgaris. Hydrothermal extraction was carried out in a semi-batch and a batch extractor at various temperatures (120–200°C), pressures (2–10 MPa), and extraction times (30–300 min) to extract antioxidant and antibacterial compounds. The effect of extraction condition on the yield of extract was investigated. The antioxidant and antibacterial activity of extracts obtained by hydrothermal extraction were examined. The increasing extraction temperature resulted in higher antioxidant activity, but lower antimicrobial activity. As comparison with hot water extraction, the antioxidant activity of extract obtained by hydrothermal extraction was higher than that obtained by hot water extraction, but the antibacterial activity of the extract obtained by hydrothermal extraction was lower.