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Patricia Muller-Smith edd rnc Director of Education 《Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing》1996,11(6):421-423
Few basic nursing education programs provide the student nurse with courses in business and finance. Those skills were most often acquired by nurse managers when they were promoted from a staff position to a management position and they were acquired on the job. As the health care environment becomes more complex, so too does the scope of business and financial skills. Today's nurse manager must develop a wider range of skills to survive. Among the most important is an ability to connect unit level needs to the overall goals of the organization. 相似文献
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Kerstin Bosch Arne Nagel Lars Weigend Dieter Rosenbaum 《Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon)》2009,24(8):676-681
Background
The human foot has to bear loads during all kinds of bipedal locomotion throughout the whole life. Rapid developmental changes of foot morphology and foot function occur during the first years of walking. Furthermore, disease dependent modifications can also have an influence on plantar loading. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that foot function will undergo changes in life. However, the main differences between the pressure patterns in young and elderly have not been well described. The aim of the study was to evaluate age-dependent pressure patterns in different age-related stages.Methods
Hundred and four healthy humans of four different age groups were retrospectively analysed by means of plantar pressure measurements (toddlers: mean age 1.0 (SD 0.2) year; 7-year olds: 7.0 (SD 0.4) years; adults: 31.9 (SD 2.1) years; seniors: 68.7 (SD 3.2) years). The emed® pressure platform was used to evaluate peak pressure, maximum force, contact time, contact area and arch index.Findings
Significant differences were found for each parameter between almost every age group. The highest peak pressure values were observed for the seniors’ (P < 0.001). Peak pressures are low in toddlers (145 kPa), high in 7-year olds and adults (400–600 kPa) and even higher in elderly (?800 kPa).Interpretation
Elderly adults can still be functionally mobile even if pressures are high. The results for the investigated age groups can be used as normative foot loading data to compare to pathological foot function. 相似文献12.
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Lorraine S. Wallace PhD Amy J. Keenum DO PharmD Obaydah AbdurRaqeeb DO MS William F. Miser MD MA Randy K. Wexler MD MPH 《Pain practice》2013,13(2):104-108
Background: The terms “opioid” and “narcotic” are often used interchangeably by healthcare providers. The purpose of this study was to compare understanding “narcotics” vs. “opioids.” Methods: A convenience sample of English‐speaking women (n = 188), aged 21–45 years, seeking care at a primary care clinic were asked (1) “What is an opioid/narcotic?” (2) “Give an example of an opioid/narcotic?” (3) “Why does someone take an opioid/narcotic?” and (4) “What happens when someone takes an opioid/narcotic for a long time?” Responses were recorded verbatim by a research assistant and then coded independently by two investigators. Results: More than half of respondents (55.9%) responded “don’t know” to all 4 opioid questions, while just 3.2% responded “don’t know” to all 4 narcotic questions (P < 0.01). Most women were unfamiliar with the term opioid (76.3%) and did not know why someone would take an opioid (68.8%). About two‐thirds of respondents were able to give an example of a narcotic (64.2%) and knew the consequences of long‐term narcotic use (63.2%). Conclusions: While more women were more familiar with narcotic, many identified negative connotations with this term. Future research should explore how to improve patient understanding and attitudes regarding both the terms opioids and narcotics. 相似文献
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J. Michael Jones MPAS‐C 《Headache》2015,55(1):183-185
The “just world hypothesis” is the belief that a poor outcome to treatment always implies patient noncompliance. However, all disease states have a spectrum of severity, with the most severe end representing treatment failures despite compliant patients and excellent care. Some refractory headache patients represent this group of compliant patients, who had excellent care but who have bad disease. 相似文献
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《Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE》2000,23(10):S67-S87