SOLUBILITY OF CO2AND H2S IN A MIXED SOLVENT

Mixed solvents are a combination of chemical and physical solvents and have some advantages over traditional treating solvents for the removal of acid gases from gas streams. The solubility of H₂S and CO₂in a mixed solvent consisting of AMP (2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol), sulfolane, and water has been measured at 40 and 100°C at partial pressures of the acid gas to 6000 kPa. The solubility in the mixed solvent was compared with the solubility in an aqueous solution of equivalent amine concentration. At solution loadings less than 1 mol acid gas/mol amine, the solubility of the acid gas is lower in the mixed solvent than in the corresponding amine solvent. At higher loadings, the trend is reversed and the solubility is greater in the mixed solvent. The results are rationalized in terms of the effect of the physical solvent component on the chemical reaction and physical vapor-liquid equilibria. The solubility model of Deshmukh and Mather was used to correlate the data.     

MODELLING OF EQUILIBRIUM SOLUBILITY OF CO2 AND H2S IN AQUEOUS AMINO METHYL PROPANOL (AMP) SOLUTIONS

Information on acid gas solubility in solvents utilized is needed for the design of gas plants. A mathematical model for the prediction of equilibrium solubility of CO₂ and H₂S in aqueous 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol (AMP) solutions is presented. The equilibrium constant, K₁ governing the main amine reaction is expressed as a function of not only temperature but also acid gas partial pressure and AMP concentration. Model predictions agree favourably with experimental data.     

SIMULTANEOUS ABSORPTION OF H2S AND CO2 INTO A SOLUTION OF SODIUM CARBONATE

The simultaneous absorption of H₂S and CO₂ has been studied both experimentally and theoretically. A model has been developed which predicts the absorption rates of H₂S and CO₂ into a sodium carbonate solution. The absorption rates are calculated according to the two-film theory. In the liquid film, the finite rate of the CO₂ reaction was considered. Otherwise, in the liquid film as well as in the liquid bulk, equilibrium conditions for all reactions were assumed. Absorption experiments were performed on a packed column using a counter-flow strategy. In the experiments the influence of the initial carbonate concentration, the gas flow rate and the temperature on the removal efficiencies of H₂S and CO₂ and the selectivity of H₂S were investigated. It is desirable to absorb the H₂S but not the CO₂. The agreement between the absorption model and the experimental results from the absorber tower was satisfactory. The mass transfer coefficients were determined by fitting the experimental data to the model with respect to the H₂S and CO₂ content in the outgoing gas. The H₂S content was used to determine the gas side mass transfer coefficient and the CO₂ content was used to determine the liquid side mass transfer coefficient, The effective contact area of mass transfer was taken from published data. With a constant packing height, both the experiments and the model indicated that high carbonate concentration benefits the removal efficiency of H₂S. Higher gas flow rate also benefits the selectivity for H₂S. However, the removal efficiency will decrease. At higher temperatures the selectivity and the removal efficiency of H₂S decreased. Under the conditions investigated, the absorption of H₂S was essentially controlled by gas-side mass transfer and the absorption of CO₂ was controlled by liquid-side mass transfer     

氢气和一氧化碳在混二甲苯中的溶解度

在１立升的高压机械搅拌釜中,采用气体间歇吸收技术,在８０－１６０℃,０．５－５ＭＰａ的范围内,测定了氢气和一化碳在混二甲苯中的溶解度。氢气和一氧化碳的溶解度随着温度和压力的增加而增大,且在相同的温度和压力下,一氧化碳的淀粉 度大于氢气的溶解度。与它们在间二甲苯中的溶解度相比,在混二甲苯中的溶解度是较小的。此外,使用正规溶液理论的Ｐｒａｕｓｎｉｔｚ－Ｓｈａｉｒ方法对它们的溶解度进行了估算。可以看出,一氧化碳在二甲苯中的溶解度的估算值与实验结果较相符,氢气由地临界温度较低,没有合适的估算式,故用实验回归的公式结合Ｐｒａｕｓｎｉｔｚ－Ｓｈａｉｒ方法中的其它公式进行估算,估算值与实验值大体相符。     

CATALYTIC PRODUCTION OF ELEMENTAL SULFUR FROM THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF H2S IN THE PRESENCE OF CO2

The feasibility of using a cobalt-molybdenum (Co-Mo) sulfide catalyst that was prepared from a commercial Co-Mo oxide catalyst for the production of elemental sulfur from hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) in a packed bed catalytic reactor was studied. It was demonstrated that the desired sulfide catalyst could be prepared by first reducing, then sulphiding the corresponding oxide. The results showed that the prepared catalyst was capable of producing elemental sulfur from the thermal decomposition of H₂S in the presence of CO₂ over a temperature range of 465-700°C and at atmospheric pressure. A specific rate coefficient was calculated as well as the Arrhenius parameters for the non-equilibrated reaction. The H₂S decomposition reaction was found to be a second order reaction and have an activation energy of 114.4kJ/mol(27.3kcal/mol).     

CO_2/H_2S对油气管材的腐蚀规律

综述了CO2 、H2 S对油气管材的腐蚀机理及影响因素 ,提出了开发经济型油管的设想。     

Modelling of equilibrium solubility of CO2 and H2S in aqueous diglycolamine (DGA) solutions

Information on acid gas solubility in solvents utilized is needed for the design of gas plants. A mathematical model for the prediction of equilibrium solubility of CO₂ and H₂S in aqueous 2-amino-2-(ethoxy)ethanol (DGA) solutions is presented. The equilibrium constants, K₁ and K₂, representing a simple proton transfer reaction and the carbamate formation reaction, respectively, were found to be functions of temperature and free acid gas concentration. In addition, K₂, was affected by DGA concentration as well. Model predictions agree favourably with experimental data.     

SOLUBILITY OF CO2 AND H2S IN A HINDERED AMINE SOLUTION

The solubility of H₂S and CO₂ in aqueous solutions of the sterically hindered amine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), was determined at 40 and 100°C. Partial pressures of C)₂ ranged from approximately 2 to 6000 kPa and of H₂S from 2 to 2200 kPa. The solubility results were compared with previously reported acid gas solubilities in aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) solutions.     

Solubility of H2S and CO2 in sulfolane

The solubility of H, S and CO₂ in sulfolane (tetrahydrothiophene-1, 1—dioxide) has been measured at 40°C and 100°C at pressures up to 2350 kPa and 5900 kPa respectively. The Henry's constants obtained from the data are in agreement with those of Rivas and Prausnitz.     

CO2,H2,N2在MDEA水溶液中的溶解 度

ＣＯ２、Ｈ２、Ｎ２在ＭＤＥＡ水溶液中的溶解度徐国文张成芳钦淑均（华东理工大学无机化工研究所，上海２００２３７）关键词：ＣＯ２Ｈ２Ｎ２溶解度ＭＤＥＡ１前言国外报道的ＣＯ２溶解度数据［１～９］，布点稀疏，无法满足工程计算及动力学研究之需。王挹薇等采...     

SOLUBILITY OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN AQUEOUS AND ANHYDROUS MIXTURES OF METHYLDIETHANOLAMINE AND TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER

Mixed solvents are a combination of chemical and physical solvents and are used for the removal of acid gases from gas streams. The solubility of CO₂ in a mixed nonaqueous solution of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) (50 wt.%) and triethylene glycol monomethj'l ether (TEGMME) (50 wt.%) has been measured at 40°C. The data are compared with solubility data of CO₂ in pure TEGMME. The solubility of CO₂ has been measured at 40°C and 100°C in an aqueous mixed solvent consisting of MDEA (40 wt.%) and TEGMME (40 wt. %) and water (20 wt.%) at partial pressures of CO₂ up to 12 MPa. The solubility results were compared with the solubility in the nonaqueous mixed solvent and previously reported data of aqueous MDEA. The solubility model of Deshmukh and Mather was used to correlate the data.     

炭基材料脱除H2S研究进展

从反应机理、活性炭表面特性、湿度、活化改性方法及活性组分等因素对反应过程的影响和活性炭失活后的再生方法等方面综述了近年来国内外活性炭脱除H2S的研究进展;进一步阐述了半焦作为一种廉价原料的优势,并提出了用活性半焦脱除原料气和燃料气中H2S的新思路．     

环氧/蒙脱土复合涂层的制备及在H2S/CO2环境中的耐热防腐性能研究

通过优化固化工艺、有机蒙脱土含量及树脂组分改善环氧涂层的耐热性,制备应用于高温H2S/CO2腐蚀环境中的环氧耐热防腐涂层,采用高温高压釜试验测试了涂层的耐热防腐效果。结果表明:适当的高温处理能显著提高基体树脂的玻璃化转变温度;环氧树脂在80℃机械搅拌条件下插入有机蒙脱土的层间,质量分数为3%的有机蒙脱土在基体中分散均一,为插层/剥离混合型复合结构,兼顾材料的热机械性能和阻隔性能;清漆涂层的玻璃化转变温度为153.7℃,其防腐涂层在150℃以下含H2S/CO2的油气环境中的防腐效果良好,说明玻璃化转变温度作为防腐涂层的使用上限温度是可行的。     

粗合成气净化系统脱硫塔的结构改进及应用

介绍中石油吉林石化公司化肥厂合成气装置脱硫系统生产工艺,由于原料渣油含硫量大幅度提高,装置投运时间长设备存在腐蚀与老化问题,粗合成气脱硫塔无法满足合成气中H2S含量低于5 mg/m3的要求,经改造,脱硫塔出口H2S含量降到2 mg/m3以下,延长了后部氧化锌精脱硫催化剂的使用周期.     

SOLUBILITY OF ANTHRACENE IN BINARY ALKANE + 2-PROPOXYETHANOL SOLVENT MIXTURES

Experimental solubilities are reported for anthracene dissolved in six binary mixtures containing 2-propoxyethanol with n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohex-ane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane and tert-butylcyclohexane at 298.15 K. Results of these measurements are used to test a mathematical representation based upon the combined Nearly Ideal Binary Solvent (NIBS)/Redlich-Kister model. For the seven systems studied, the model was found to provide an accurate mathematical representation of the experimental results, with an overall average absolute deviation between measured and calculated values being on the order of 0.5 per cent or less.     

SIMULTANEOUS ABSORPTION OF C02 AND H2S IN SULFINOL SOLUTIONS IN A SET OF PACKED ABSORBER-STRIPPER

Simultaneous absorption of CO₂ and H₂S in a Sulfinol solution have been studied in a set of small pilot scale packed absorber-stripper. Data were presented on the effects of varying liquid circulation rate, feed gas flow rate, feed gas composition and steam pressure at bottom of stripper, on the individual gas removal %, steam stripping efficiency and overall volumetric gas-phase mass transfer coefficient for absorption. A comparison with an earlier work on absorption into 20% hot potassium carbonate solution in the same apparatus show that the influence of operating variables on the performance of the absorber-stripper unit is qualitatively similar for both types of solvents except that the steam stripping efficiency of the Sulfinol system is much more superior than the 20% hot carbonate system under similar conditions. This shows that the hybrid nature of the Sulfinol solvent gives a much better regeneration efficiency than chemical solvents in simultaneous CO₂ and H₂S removal     

CO2 SOLUBILITY IN WATER AND BRINE UNDER RESERVOIR CONDITIONS

The reference Henry's constant was determined from 110 solubility data found in the literature for the CO₂/H₂O system over a temperature range of 298 to 523 K and a pressure range of 3.40 to 72.41 MPa. Since the Krichevsfcy-llinskaya equation was used to model the system, a correlation for the A parameter was also developed.

In addition to the Krichevsky-Ilinskaya equation, another two-parameter correlation for the solubility of carbon dioxide in water was obtained by using the Krichevsky-Kasarnovsky equation. The reference Henry's constant and partial molar volume of carbon dioxide at infinite dilution were treated as adjustable parameters. The calculated values of the partial molar volume at infinite dilution did not correspond to experimentally determined values found in the literature. Therefore, a third correlation for the reference Henry's constant was obtained by using the Krichevsky-Kasarnovsky equation in conjunction with the correct values of the partial molar volume. This one parameter (Henry's constant) model did not fit the experimental data as well as the two-parameter models.

The decreased solubility of CO₂ in brine was accounted for empirically by a single factor correlated to the weight percent of dissolved solids. A literature data set of 167 solubilities, with a temperature range of 298 to 523 K and a pressure range of 3.0 to 85.0 MPa, was used to develop this correlation. A wide scatter of data characterizes this correlation, which relates the CO₂ solubility in brine to the CO₂ solubility in water at the same temperature and pressure. The correlation is designed for applications in which the determination of concentrations of individual ions is impractical and the implementation of only one additional parameter is desirable, such as the use of compositional simulators to model miscible displacement in the petroleum industry.

These correlations can be easily implemented into reservoir simulation calculations to account for the effects of CO₂ solubility in brine. These effects are often ignored even though they can have dramatic effects on the performance of the CO₂ enhanced oil recovery process. The correlations presented in this paper for the Henry's constant and the effect of dissolved solids can adequately account for these CO₂ solubility effects.     

SOLUBILITY OF ANTHRACENE IN BINARY ALKANE + 2-METHOXYETHYL ETHER SOLVENT MIXTURES

Experimental solubilities are reported for anthracene dissolved in six binary mixtures containing 2-methoxyethyl ether with n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, cyclohexane, methyl-cyclohexane and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane at 298.15 K. Results of these measurements are used to test a mathematical representation based upon the combined Nearly Ideal Binary Solvent (NIBS)/Redlich-Kister model. For the six systems studied, the model was found to provide an accurate mathematical representation of the experimental results, with an overall average absolute deviation between measured and calculated values being on the order of 0.4 per cent or less.     

耐高温抗H2S/CO2缓蚀剂的合成及评价

采用天然大分子壳寡糖、缩水甘油三甲基氯化铵、苯甲醛为原料,合成了绿色壳寡糖衍生物缓蚀剂(BHC)。通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对缓蚀剂BHC结构进行了表征。采用失重法、电化学法、扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、接触角等对缓蚀剂BHC进行缓蚀性能评价和机理分析。得到的优化缓蚀剂BHC合成条件为m(HTCOS)∶m(苯甲醛)=1.0∶2.4,反应温度80℃,反应时间24 h。在总压为15 MPa(H2S、CO2、N2分压分别为1、5和9 MPa)条件下,缓蚀剂BHC质量浓度为100 mg/L时,P110钢片在140℃、含H2S/CO2腐蚀介质中的缓蚀率为85.62%,与市售缓蚀剂相比,BHC缓蚀率提高16.90%,可有效减缓高温高含H2S/CO2腐蚀环境下钢材的腐蚀速率。缓蚀剂BHC是一种偏阴极保护的混合型缓蚀剂,在金属表面的吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温式,与钢表面形成稳定共价键,能很好保护钢管。     

Efficient separation scheme for binary mixture of CO2 and H2S using aromatic components

Separating a mixture of CO₂ and H₂S into two products through distillation is both difficult and complicated because of similar relative volatility between the two gasses, particularly when a CO₂ concentration exceeds 80%. Therefore, the separation process can involve many separating stages. However, adding a solvent (agent) to the distillation column during the separation process makes this procedure easier.

In this study, different solvents (ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, and toluene) and operating conditions (temperature, pressure, and reflux ratio) for separating CO₂ from H₂S have been simulated through distillation using Aspen HYSYS software. Furthermore, four different aromatic compounds (solvents) for different concentrations (from 0 to 40 mol%) have been evaluated to increase the CO₂/H₂S relative volatility, reducing the quantity of the solvent required and energy consumption.

m-xylene was found to be the best solvent for separating CO₂ from H₂S because of the significant effect on relative volatility, the low quantity required for high CO₂ recovery, and the low energy for generating the solvent.