新型功能化介孔材料CH3-MCM-41-NH2的合成和表征

以硅酸钠为硅源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为模板剂,合成介孔材料MCM-41．采用两步嫁接法,分别用三甲基氯化硅（TMSCL）和3-氨基三乙氧基硅烷（APTS）对合成的介孔分子筛进行化学修饰,首次将甲基和氨基同时嫁接到介孔材料MCM-41上,得到新型的介孔材料CH3-MCM-41-NH2．利用XRD和FT—IR对合成的新型功能化介孔材料进行表征．     

气相水解法介孔分子筛MCM-41组装纳米TiO2研究

以水玻璃为硅源,表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为结构模板剂,合成出MCM-41介孔分子筛,并以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,在高温气相炉中进行水解,羟基缩合对介孔分子筛MCM-41进行了纳米TiO2的修饰。XRD、FTIR、N2吸附脱附、SEM表征手段对其结构特征的测试结果表明:纳米TiO2不仅进入介孔分子筛MCM-41介孔孔道,较均匀地修饰了介孔分子筛MCM-41的孔壁,而且使介孔分子筛MCM-41能够保持有序的孔道结构。     

Co-MCM-48和Co-MCM-41介孔分子筛对青霉素酰化酶的固定化作用

制备了含钴MCM-48和MCM-41的介孔分子筛，用作酶生物催化剂固定化的载体．采用XRD、低温N2吸附及FT-IR等方法研究了介孔载体的结构特征、表面酸性和对青霉素酰化酶（Penicillin G Acylase，PGA）的固定化作用．结果表明，Co-MCM-48与Co-MCM-41介孔分子筛表面存在着弱酸性高浓度的自由羟基，为酶的固定化提供了功能性基团和适宜的微环境．固定化酶PGA／Co-MCM-48水解青霉素G的表现活性为1682IU／g，约是PGA／Co-MCM-41水解青霉素G表现活性的2．4倍．经6次连续操作使用，PGA／Co-MCM-48的水解活性降至1375IU／g，保持其初始活性的81％，而PGA／Co-MCM-41保持其初始活性的42％．Co-MCM-48固定化青霉素酰化酶的活性和操作稳定性显著好于Co-MCM-41固定化酶。     

介孔分子筛MCM-41的水热合成及形貌分析

以正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为硅源,以十六烷基三甲基溴化胺（CTAB）为模板剂,水热法合成介孔分子筛MCM-41,并进行了XRD和SEM测定,探索了模板剂、氢氧化钠、水、晶化时间等不同反应因素对介孔分子筛MCM-41合成的影响,结果表明：CTAB/TEOS为0.6,H2O/TEOS为100,NaOH/TEOS为0.24,晶化时间为72 h为最佳反应条件;扫描电镜测试表明样品颗粒呈短球棒层状堆积,平均粒径在0.1μm左右,且分布较均匀.     

负载Fe介孔分子筛催化热解乙醇制备纳米碳管

通过水热法合成MCM-41介孔分子筛,用负载Fe的MCM-41介孔分子筛作为催化剂,乙醇作为碳源用CVD法合成碳纳米管.采用红外光谱、X-射线粉末衍射、比表面积和孔径测定、透射电子显微镜等手段对介孔分子筛和碳纳米管进行了表征.结果表明:制得了长程有序性好,比表面积为1 077.79 m2/g,平均孔径为3.21 nm的MCM-41介孔分子筛;所制备出的纳米碳管管径均匀,缺陷较少,顶端开口,平均管径为5 nm,在HF溶液中超声波处理可以得到高纯度的纳米碳管.     

固定化脂肪酶PSL/CS-MCM-48的制备及其催化性能

用壳聚糖（CS）修饰介孔分子筛MCM-48制备了复合载体CS-MCM-48，在异辛烷中制备了固定化假单胞菌脂肪酶PSL／CS-MCM-48，研究了固定化酶的制备条件对其催化性质的影响．结果表明，固定化酶PSL／CS-MCM-48适宜的制备条件为复合载体中m（CS）：m（MCM-48）=1：10，m（酶）：m（载体）=1：10，磷酸盐缓冲溶液（PBS）的pH值为6．5，V（PBS）：y（异辛烷）=1：100．固定化酶PSL／CS-MCM-48催化水解橄榄油的活性达633u／g，活力回收为55．2％，其催化活性约是PSL／MCM-48催化活性的3倍．同时考察了反应温度和反应体系的pH值对PSL／CS-MCM-48催化活性的影响规律。     

MCM-41/HY介-微孔复合分子筛的合成与表征

以介孔MCM-41凝胶为母液,通过滴加HY浆液,应用水热反应釜合成了一种介-微孔复合分子筛MCM-41/HY.通过XRD、BET、NH3-TPD等手段对复合材料进行了表征,并对复合分子筛的水热稳定性进行了考察.结果表明,复合材料同时具有介孔分子筛MCM-41和微孔HY型沸石的特征,并且和纯MCM-41分子筛相比,复合分子筛的酸性明显增强,水热稳定性显著提高.     

不同硅铝比的Beta/MCM-41复合分子筛的合成和性能

分别以四乙基氢氧化铵和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作为微孔相和介孔相的模板,采用两步晶化法制备了4种具有不同硅铝比,含微孔和介孔双模孔结构的Beta/McM-41复合分子筛.采用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附对Beta/MCM-41复合分子筛的结构进行了表征,利用吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py-FTIR)以及正庚烷裂解作为探针反应,对不同硅铝比的Beta/MCM-41复合分子筛的酸量和催化性能进行了研究.实验结果表明,随投料硅铝比的增加,复合分子筛介孔相有序性逐渐提高,微孔相的结晶度逐渐减小,酸量降低,正庚烷裂解的转化率明显下降.说明该复合分子筛的性能可随硅铝比的变化进行调变.     

聚合物的添加对纯硅MCM-41结构及形貌的影响

以正硅酸乙脂(TEOS)为硅源、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为表面活性剂、聚乙烯醇(PVA)和聚丙二醇(PPG)为助模板剂,合成MCM-41纯硅介孔分子筛,并运用N2吸附和TEM表征技术探讨其性质.结果表明:PVA加入后产物为正六边形形貌的单分散的纳米MCM-41,加入PPG后则生成较长的棒状MCM-41分子筛.     

掺杂钕介孔分子筛MCM-41的合成及表征

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为表面活性剂,正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为硅源,采用水热晶化法,合成了钕掺杂的MCM-41介孔分子筛.通过X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）光谱、透射电镜（TEM）等测试手段对其孔结构和钕原子的存在状态进行了表征.XRD和TEM结果表明,合成样品具有典型的二维六方有序介孔结构,样品的傅里叶变换红外光谱表明钕被成功的引入到介孔骨架中.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-