Geological and C–O–S–Pb–Sr isotopic constraints on the origin of the Qingshan carbonate-hosted Pb–Zn deposit,Southwest China

Located in the western Yangtze Block, the Qingshan Pb–Zn deposit, part of the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou Pb–Zn metallogenic province, contains 0.3 million tonnes of 9.86 wt.% Pb and 22.27 wt.% Zn. Ore bodies are hosted in Carboniferous and Permian carbonate rocks, structurally controlled by the Weining–Shuicheng anticline and its intraformational faults. Ores composed of sphalerite, galena, pyrite, dolomite, and calcite occur as massive, brecciated, veinlets, and disseminations in dolomitic limestones.

The C–O isotope compositions of hydrothermal calcite and S–Pb–Sr isotope compositions of Qingshan sulphide minerals were analysed in order to trace the sources of reduced sulphur and metals for the Pb–Zn deposit. δ¹³C_PDB and δ¹⁸O_SMOW values of calcite range from –5.0‰ to –3.4‰ and +18.9‰ to +19.6‰, respectively, and fall in the field between mantle and marine carbonate rocks. They display a negative correlation, suggesting that CO₂ in the hydrothermal fluid had a mixed origin of mantle, marine carbonate rocks, and sedimentary organic matter. δ³⁴S values of sulphide minerals range from +10.7‰ to +19.6‰, similar to Devonian-to-Permian seawater sulphate (+20‰ to +35‰) and evaporite rocks (+23‰ to +28‰) in Carboniferous-to-Permian strata, suggesting that the reduced sulphur in hydrothermal fluids was derived from host-strata evaporites. Ores and sulphide minerals have homogeneous and low radiogenic Pb isotope compositions (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.561 to 18.768, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.701 to 15.920, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.831 to 39.641) that plot in the upper crust Pb evolution curve, and are similar to those of Devonian-to-Permian carbonate rocks. Pb isotope compositions suggest derivation of Pb metal from the host rocks. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of sphalerite range from 0.7107 to 0.7136 and (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_200Ma ratios range from 0.7099 to 0.7126, higher than Sinian-to-Permian sedimentary rocks and Permian Emeishan flood basalts, but lower than Proterozoic basement rocks. This indicates that the ore strontium has a mixture source of the older basement rocks and the younger cover sequence. C–O–S–Pb–Sr isotope compositions of the Qingshan Pb–Zn deposit indicate a mixed origin of the ore-forming fluids and metals.     

贵州普定纳雍枝铅锌矿矿床成因:S和原位Pb同位素证据

通过近五年(2011~2015)勘查实现找矿重大突破的贵州普定纳雍枝铅锌矿床,位于扬子陆块西南缘,五指山背斜南东翼北中部,是黔西北铅锌成矿区的重要组成部分。矿区内已发现20余个铅锌矿体,探获铅锌金属资源储量超135万吨,是川滇黔接壤铅锌矿集区贵州境内目前已发现和探明规模最大的铅锌矿床。主矿体多呈层状、似层状、透镜状和陡倾斜脉状产出,除了陡倾斜脉状矿体产于F7断层破碎带,其余(似)层状矿体均产于下寒武统清虚洞组和上震旦统灯影组白云岩中,与围岩产状一致,层控特征明显。其矿石类型主要有块状、角砾状、细脉状和浸染状等,矿石矿物以闪锌矿为主,其次为方铅矿和黄铁矿,脉石矿物以方解石、白云石为主,含少量石英,偶见重晶石。本次研究表明,该矿床硫化物δ~(34)S_(CDT)值介于15.94‰~25.49‰之间,均值为22.41‰(n=21),其中黄铁矿δ~(34)S_(CDT)值为22.06‰,闪锌矿δ~(34)S_(CDT)值为19.37‰~25.49‰,均值为23.17‰(n=17),方铅矿δ~(34)S_(CDT)值为15.94‰~19.70‰(n=3),均值为18.23‰。各类硫化物δ~(34)S值部分重叠,总体上不具有δ~(34)S黄铁矿δ~(34)S闪锌矿δ~(34)S方铅矿的特征,暗示硫同位素在硫化物矿物间的分馏未达到平衡。此外,矿石存有少量硫酸盐矿物(重晶石),暗示成矿流体的δ~(34)S3∑S值应高于硫化物的平均δ4S值(22.41‰),接近赋矿地层中海相硫酸盐岩的δ~(34)S值(22‰~28‰)。因此,成矿流体中的还原硫最可能为海相硫酸盐岩热化学还原的产物,来源于赋矿地层中的蒸发岩。应用飞秒激光剥蚀多接收器等离子体质谱法首次获得了纳雍枝铅锌矿中方铅矿原位Pb同位素数据,结果显示Pb同位素组成非常集中(~(206)Pb/204Pb=17.828~17.860,均值17.841,~(207)Pb/204Pb=15.648~15.666,均值15.659,~(208)Pb/204Pb=37.922~37.979,均值37.960,n=32),位于上地壳平均Pb演化曲线上,表明其成矿物质具壳源特征,可能来源于基底岩石。综合矿床地质、矿物学、S和原位Pb同位素数据,本文认为纳雍枝铅锌矿床S主要来源于其赋矿地层,Pb等金属元素主要来源于基底岩石,这两组流体的混合是导致其金属硫化物沉淀成矿的重要机制,成矿流体具后生、低温热液等特征,属于密西西比河谷型(MVT)矿床,很可能形成于燕山期,与右江盆地演化有关。     

华南花岗岩型铀矿床成矿机理研究进展

本文介绍了华南花岗岩型铀矿床地质特征,系统总结了前人对其成矿热液来源、物质来源,铀的迁移沉淀机制、碱交代及花岗岩与成矿的关系等方面的研究成果。指出铀源体中的晶质铀矿及富铀矿物在深部相对还原的环境中被氧化而进入成矿热液中起主要作用的可能是大量幔源F和放射性衰变诱发产生的氧及碱交代溶蚀作用,热液中的大部分U6 主要被S2-和Fe2 等还原剂在浅部相对氧化的环境中还原成矿;给出了一种较简易的物质来源定量方法和铀成矿模式。     

青海沱沱河地区多才玛铅锌矿床成因:原位S和Pb同位素证据

青海沱沱河地区多才玛铅锌矿床是西南三江特提斯北段新生代铅锌矿集区的典型矿床之一,本文首次应用飞秒激光剥蚀多接受器等离子体质谱法对多才玛铅锌矿床中金属硫化物的原位S和Pb同位素进行了测定。结果显示:黄铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿的原位S同位素的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值介于-26.34‰～4.24‰之间,均值-12.15‰(n=20),其中闪锌矿的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值介于-10.30‰～-3.52‰,均值-7.39‰(n=9);方铅矿的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值为-26.34‰～-11.74‰,均值-20.36‰(n=9);黄铁矿的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值分别为2.50‰,4.24‰。矿床δ~(34)S数据范围较宽,总体表现为富集负值硫的特征,说明有机质可能参与成矿。岩浆热液期发育的黄铁矿δ~(34)S值具有深源特征,沉积热液期发育的方铅矿和闪锌矿的δ~(34)S值表明成矿过程存在还原作用,指示盆地地层还原流体的混入,综上可认为多才玛铅锌矿床硫具有混合来源的特征。方铅矿原位Pb同位素结果为~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.866～18.929,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.674～15.689,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=39.052～39.174。方铅矿与地层的Pb同位素组成一致,位于上地壳平均Pb演化线之上,具上地壳和地幔混合俯冲带铅的特征,表明其成矿物质的来源多样。结合矿床学、矿物学及同位素数据,本文认为多才玛铅锌矿床S元素主要来源于赋矿围岩,Pb金属元素主要来源于藏北钾质火山岩,侵入地层岩浆与盆地流体的混合是金属硫化物沉淀的重要机制。     

Geochronology and geochemistry of Cretaceous–Eocene granites,Tengchong Block (SW China): Petrogenesis and implications for Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Eastern Tethys

The Early Cretaceous–Early Eocene granitoids in the Tengchong Block record the evolutionary history of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectono-magmatic evolution of Eastern Tethys. (a) The Early Cretaceous granitoids with relatively low (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i ratios of 0.7090–0.7169 and ε_Nd(t) values of ?9.8 to ?7.8 display metaluminous, calc-alkaline dominated by I-type granite affinity and hybrid mantle–crust geochemical signatures. They may have been derived from melting of the subducted Meso-Tethyan Bangong-Nujiang oceanic crust with terrigenous sediments in an arc-continent collisional setting. (b) The Late Cretaceous–Paleocene granitoids with relatively high (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i ratios of 0.7109–0.7627, and ε_Nd(t) values of ?12.1 to ?7.9 exhibit metaluminous to peraluminous, calc-alkaline dominated by S-type granite affinity and hybrid Lower–Upper crust geochemical signatures, which may be originated from partial melting of the Meso-Proterozoic continental crust in the collision setting between the Tengchong Block and Baoshan Block. (c) The Early Eocene granitoids have metaluminous, calc-alkaline I-type and S-type granites dual affinity, with relatively high (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i ratios of 0.711–0.736, ε_Nd(t) values of ?9.4 to ?4.7, showing crust-mantle mixing geochemical signatures. They may have been originated from partial melting of the late Meso-Proterozoic upper crustal components mixed with some upper mantle material during the ascent process of mantle magma caused by the subduction of the Neo-Tethyan Putao–Myitkyian oceanic crust, and collision between the Western Burma Block and the Tengchong Block. It is these multi-stage subductions and collisions that caused the spatial and temporal distribution of the granitic rocks in the Tengchong Block.     

内蒙古白乃庙地区铜(金)和金矿床钕、锶和铅同位素研究

内自古白乃庙地区产出有白乃庙铜（金）矿床（南、北矿带）、白乃庙金矿床和徐尼乌苏金矿化带,是华北陆台北缘金属成矿带的重要组成部分。笔者测定和解释了上述三个矿床的钕、锶和铅同位素比值和变化特征。研究认为：白乃庙铜（金）矿床南、北矿带在成矿时代、成矿物质来源和形皮过程方面存在明显差异,南矿带条带状、块状硫化物矿石的形成作用始于１１３０×１０￣６ａ前的基性火山喷发活动。相比之下,北矿带细脉浸染状和脉状铜－钼－金矿石与加里东期（４４０×１０￣６ａ）花岗闪长斑岩的侵位和结晶分异密切相关。白乃庙金矿床和徐尼乌苏金矿化带是岩浆热液、大气降水混合,并且对基底岩层或绿片岩围岩进行淋滤、萃取的结果。白乃庙地区铜（金）矿床和金矿床（点）成矿物质来源和形成机制的厘定,对于了解华北地台北缘内蒙古中南段金属成矿带的形成与演化具有重要意义。     

Ore genesis of the Tianbaoshan carbonate-hosted Pb–Zn deposit,Southwest China: geologic and isotopic (C–H–O–S–Pb) evidence

The Tianbaoshan Pb–Zn deposit, part of the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou (SYG) Pb–Zn metallogenic province, is located in the western Yangtze Block and contains 2.6 million tonnes of 10–15 wt.% Pb + Zn metals. Ore bodies occur as vein or tubular types and are hosted in Sinian (late Proterozoic) carbonate rocks and are structurally controlled by the SN-trending Anninghe tectonic belt and NW-trending concealed fractures. The deposits are simple in mineralogy, with sphalerite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, freibergite, and pyrargyrite as ore minerals and dolomite, calcite, and quartz as gangue minerals. These phases occur as massive, brecciated, veinlet, and dissemination in dolostone of the upper Sinian Dengying Formation. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions of hydrothermal fluids range from –47.6 to –51.2‰ and –1.7 to +3.7‰, respectively. These data suggest that H₂O in hydrothermal fluids had a mixed origin of metamorphic and meteoric waters. Carbon and oxygen isotope compositions range from –6.5 to –4.9‰ and +19.3 to +20.2‰, respectively. These compositions plot in the field between mantle and marine carbonate rocks with a negative correlation, suggesting that CO₂ in the ore-forming fluids had multiple sources, including the Permian Emeishan flood basalts, Sinian-to-Permian marine carbonate rocks, and organic matters in Cambrian-to-Permian sedimentary rocks. Sulphur isotope compositions range from –0.4 to +9.6‰, significantly lower than Cambrian-to-Permian seawater sulphate (+15 to +35‰) and sulphate (+15 to +28‰) from evaporates in Cambrian-to-Permian strata, implicating that the S was derived from host-strata evaporates by thermal–chemical sulphate reduction. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios range from 18.110 to 18.596, 15.514 to 15.878, and 38.032 to 39.221, respectively, which plot in field of the upper crust Pb evolution curve, unlike those of Proterozoic basement rocks, Sinian dolostone, Devonian-to-Permian carbonate rocks, and the Permian Emeishan flood basalts, implying complex derivation of Pb metal in the ore-forming fluids. Geological and isotopic studies of the Tianbaoshan Pb–Zn deposit reveal that constituents in the hydrothermal fluids were derived from multiple sources and that fluid mixing was a possible metallogenic mechanism. The studied deposit is not distal magmatic–hydrothermal, sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX), or Mississippi Valley (MVT) types, rather, it represents a unique ore deposit type, named in this article the SYG type.     

华北克拉通北部古-中元古代富碱侵入岩的Nd、Sr、Pb同位素地球化学：岩石圈地幔富集的证据

华北克拉通北部古-中元古代富碱侵入岩主要分布在燕辽三叉裂堑系和辽吉拗拉谷中及附近,为一套高碱高钾的基性-中性岩,以正长岩类为主。本文通过开展系统的 Nd、Sr、Pb 同位素研究,发现所有岩体岩石均以高负ε_(Nd)(t)为特征,ε_(Nd)(t)=-3.4～-7.5,平均值为～4.8,这与研究区古-中元古代基性-超基性岩石的 Nd 同位素特征(ε_(Nd)(t)=-4～-8) 一致,与燕辽裂堑系发育的偏碱性火山岩 Nd 同位素特征(ε_(Nd)(t)=-4.3～-8.9)也比较相似,表明它们的物质来源相似,都与富集地幔有关。Sr 同位素初始比值(~(87)St/~(86)Sr)_i比较低,主要变化在0.7028～0.7053之间,平均值为0.7041。钾长石铅同位素组成普遍较低,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)pb/~(204)Pb、~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb 比值变化范围(梁屯-矿洞沟岩体除外)分别为14.500～15.70l、14.887～15.150和34.178～36.537,平均值分别为14.968、14.984和35.057。在ε_(Nd)(t)-ε_(Sr)(t)图解上,所有岩体的投影点均在地幔演化趋势线附近,比较接近 EMI 型富集地幔端员,暗示它们的物质来源与 EMI 型富集地幔有关;钾长石 Pb 同位素模式图也说明这些岩体物质来源与地幔和下地壳有关。通过两端员混合模拟,揭示了岩浆演化过程中存在少量的下地壳物质混染,平均约14%左右。从2.5Ga 左右开始华北克拉通岩石圈地幔的亏损程度逐渐变小,在2.2Ga 左右局部呈现富集性特征,1.85Ga时整个岩石圈地幔已经完全转变为富集性,之后富集程度越来越高。推测早期俯冲携带的壳源物质以及后期地幔流体的交代作用可能是岩石圈地幔逐渐转变为富集性的原因。     

河南卢氏县拐峪采矿遗址出产绿松石的Sr、Pb同位素产地特征探析

河南卢氏县拐峪绿松石采矿遗址位于伊洛盆地西缘,该遗址的发现为研究中原早期绿松石的来源提供了重要的考古学信息。为判定该古矿产出绿松石的流向,尝试利用热电离质谱仪(TIMS)检测了拐峪古矿绿松石样品的Sr、Pb同位素组成,并结合秦岭5个主要绿松石矿的相关同位素数据,尝试寻找其产地特征。分析结果显示,拐峪绿松石⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值相对较高,整体大于0.719 0,高于其他产地,可视为其产地特征之一;采用²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb-²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁸Pb联合示踪可得到较好的结果,在相关图解中拐峪绿松石具有独立的数据聚集区,可作为判断其产地证据之一;采用²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb-⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr和²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁸Pb-⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr联合示踪,也得到了较好的判别效果,拐峪绿松石与其他产地界线清...     

塔里木盆地北部沥青、干酪根Pb-Sr-Nd同位素体系及成因演化

 Pb、Sr、Nd同位素体系研究表明沥青与寒武纪、奥陶纪地层中的干酪根具有明显的同位素组成差异,表明来自异源。沥青Pb同位素组成具有明显的幔源与壳幔混合特征,而干酪根显示出壳源特征。沥青与干酪根的Nd同位素组成也存在着明显的差别,反映出老地壳源与新地壳源的明显差别。来自柯坪隆起大湾沟沥青的Nd-Sr同位素体系给出了晚元古的相关等时线,年龄分别为872Ma与1195Ma,可能代表了沥青的最早形成年龄。但来自塔北隆起的沥青其Sm-Nd体系显示出介于大湾沟沥青与干酪根之间的混合相关,表明具有壳源与幔源的二元混合成因。Rb-Sr和Pb-Pb等时线趋向和Pb模式年龄还给出加里东期(～440Ma)和印支期(～250Ma)的原油运移与沥青沉淀年龄信息。Nd模式年龄还表明柯坪-阿克苏地区存在太古宙基底(3.2-2.5Ga).塔里木油藏受深断裂控制。     

四川华蓥山三叠系含膏盐段的碳氧同位素特征及其意义

对四川华蓥山地区两条三叠系部面中五类碳酸盐岩的碳氧同位素组成研究表明:①白云岩属交代成因,白云岩化通过蒸发咸化和混合水两种作用进行;②脱白云石化作用和重结晶作用发生在表生期,与淡水的掺入有关。碳氧同位素的纵向演化特征表明:①δ~(18)O的变化反映了古环境的盐度变化,而δ~(13)C的变化则可能反映古环境的氧化还原程度和水深;②嘉四至雷一段总体仍属海相沉积,而不应是陆相环境;③有两个主要的成盐期,但不具备形成大型钾盐矿床的所有条件。     

华北克拉通南缘大庄铌- 稀土矿床地质、地球化学和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素特征

碱性岩型铌-稀土矿床是重要的铌-稀土矿资源类型。河南省方城县大庄铌-稀土矿位于华北克拉通南缘,是近年来新发现的一例赋存于霞石正长岩中的,具有中型规模的碱性岩型矿床。大庄矿区内共圈定17个NW—SE向带状展布的,呈囊状、不规则状、透镜状产出的铌-稀土矿体。铌-稀土矿石主要赋存于角闪霞石正长岩和黑云母正长岩中。矿石矿物主要为烧绿石、氟碳铈镧矿、褐钇铌矿和富铌榍石等。矿石的结构主要有斑状结构、他形粒状结构、半自形粒状结构、包含结构、交代结构、共生结构、伟晶结构等。矿石构造分为块状、脉状和片麻状构造等。热液蚀变包括萤石化、绢云母化、绿帘石化和绿泥石化等。碱性岩样品具有低SiO₂、富碱、高铝的特征,稀土元素总量较高,轻重稀土分异明显,具有明显的负Eu异常,富集Nb、Ta、Th、U、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,明显亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti等元素。碱性岩全岩(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i=0.68158～0.71090,ε_Nd(t)=―1.11～―0.37,两阶段模式年龄(t_DM2     

Sources of Cretaceous Bimodal Volcanic Rocks in the Coastal Region of Southeastern China: — Constraints of the Sr content and its isotopes

Abstract Cretaceous volcanism in the coastal region of southeastern China was characteristized by occurrence of bimodal volcanics consisting of basalts and rhyolites, the geneses of which are still controversial. Based on the fact that their isotopic compositions are similar but the Sr content of the former is much higher than that of the latter, this paper discusses the respective sources of the two end-member rocks, and concludes that basalts were derived from the subduction-related enriched upper mantle wedge and their isotopic compositions had not been affected by crustal assimilation, whereas rhyolites were formed by remelting of the old metamorphic basement, but they were mixed up with the underplating basaltic magmas to various degrees so that their Sr isotopic compositions varied significantly from the sources and tended to be homogeneous to the latter.     

新疆塔里木西南缘塔木铅锌矿硫同位素特征与成因

塔木铅锌矿位于塔里木西南缘,为碳酸盐岩容矿型铅锌矿。矿床形成经历了沉积期、成岩期和后生期。沉积期以内碎屑角砾和纹层构造为标志。成岩期以成岩角砾、重结晶白云石为标志。后生期以崩塌角砾、后生角砾及管/脉构造为标志。成矿期介于成岩期和后生期并具有溶蚀-交代和充填两个阶段。细粒闪锌矿和方铅矿多为溶蚀-交代阶段产物。粗粒闪锌矿和方铅矿多为充填阶段产物。本次研究对来自14个标本的沉积期和成矿期51件闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿和黄铜矿样品进行了硫同位素测试。塔木铅锌矿硫化物硫同位素值具有较大的变化范围。沉积期形成的金属硫化物(δ34SCDT介于-17.6‰～-7.3‰)较成矿期金属硫化物(δ34SCDT介于-5.7‰～+10.2‰)多富集轻硫同位素。充填阶段形成的硫化物(δ34SCDT介于+5.1‰～+10.2‰)较溶蚀-交代阶段硫化物(δ34SCDT介于-5.7‰～+9.2‰)富重硫,并且硫同位素达到平衡。结合地质背景、矿物生成顺序、矿石结构、流体包裹研究资料和硫同位素特征可以得出热化学硫酸盐还原作用(TSR)是成矿期HS-形成的主要机制,含硫有机质热裂解硫也是成矿期硫源之一,溶蚀-交代阶段硫储库效应和硫化物溶度积(Ksp)制约硫同位素值的变化。通过本次研究厘定了塔木铅锌矿矿化形成机制、硫酸盐还原特征和硫的来源,并进一步指出其硫同位素特征支持矿床流体混合成因模型。     

胶东金青顶和大尹格庄金矿床花岗质围岩的蚀变地球化学研究

研究了大尹格庄金矿床和金青顶金矿床的花岗质围岩及其恂变岩的主元素,微量元素和氧同位素等特征,结果表明郭家店花岗岩和金青顶花岗岩Nb,Ta,P,Ti相对亏损,εNd(t)值为-11.9-14.5,为前寒武纪地壳岩石熔融的产物,大尹格庄围岩蚀变较强,主要为沿断裂带发育的绢英岩化及深部的钾长石化,金青顶蚀变较弱,在绢英岩化和绢云母化蚀变过程中,两矿床Na2O和REE降低Au,Ag升高,金青顶变化幅度相对较小,热液带入的组分均为Au,Ag,As,Co,Cu,K2O等,在大尹格庄带入组分还包括Pb,Zn,Fe,SiO2。似伟晶状钾长石化均使两矿区K2O显著升高,Au和Ag略有程式高,其余组分降低,尤其轻稀土降低显著,引起大尹格庄矿床围岩发生绢英岩化和假伟晶状钾长石化的初始流体δ^18O值下限分别为3.3‰和4.4‰,以岩浆热液占主导;引起金青顶矿床围岩发生似伟晶状钾长石化和绢云母化的初始流体的δ^18O值下限分别为2.1‰和1.2‰,也以岩浆热液为主,但不排除有大气降水参与。     

造山型金矿成矿流体来源与演化的氢-氧同位素示踪：夹皮沟金矿带例析

在详细的矿床地质研究和成矿阶段划分基础上,系统采集了距夹皮沟断裂带100~3622m的6个金矿床不同成矿阶段的20件矿石样品,进行了氢、氧同位素测试。距夹皮沟断裂带由近及远,各金矿床的氢、氧同位素组成分别为:北沟(100~172m,δD=-97‰~-90‰,δ18O_w=-3.26‰~5.49‰)、二道沟(820~830m,δD=-95‰~-94‰,δ18O_w=-4.58‰~-0.50‰)、三道岔(1385~1412m,δD=-97‰~-91‰,δ18O_w=-3.58‰~-1.39‰)、四道岔(2776~2802m,δD=-99‰~-80‰,δ18O_w=0.75‰~4.69‰)、八家子(3400m,δD=-102‰,δ18O_w=0.22‰)、夹皮沟本区(3595~3622m,δD=-108‰~-92‰,δ18O_w=2.91‰~5.39‰)。成矿早、主、晚阶段δD、δ18O_w和W/R值分别为-97‰~-80‰、3.99‰~5.49‰和约0.1;-108‰~-90‰、-3.26‰~4.71‰和0.1~0.5;-97‰~-91‰、-4.58‰~-2.68‰和0.01~0.1。反映金矿早阶段成矿流体以变质水为主体,混入有少量岩浆水,W/R值较小;主阶段成矿流体为变质水和大气降水的混合,W/R值显著增大,氢、氧同位素和W/R值具有明显的空间不均一特征(成矿流体隧道式流动):前者与距夹皮沟断裂带的距离正相关、后两者负相关,而它们与各金矿床已探明资源量的相关性相反,可能表征了成矿系统有效流体压力对W/R值和金沉淀成矿的控制作用;晚阶段大气降水大量加入,成矿流体弥散式的流动机制引起大面积同位素均一化,W/R值最小。据此推断,氧同位素低值区与氢同位素和W/R高值区(尤其是它们的显著变化区)的套合部位是金大规模沉淀聚集的最有利地段暨找矿勘查的重要选区。