水基碳管纳米流体制备及其热物性实验研究

采用添加表面活性剂阿拉伯胶(GA)的方法制备碳管纳米流体,并对不同长径比以及经球磨、酸化处理的碳管纳米流体热物性进行了研究。通过透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察表明,所制备的碳管纳米流体具有很好的分散性和稳定性。碳管纳米流体热物性实验结果表明,碳管的比表面积和直线度是碳管长径比影响纳米流体热导率的主要因素。碳管经球磨处理时,随球磨时间延长,碳管长径比和直线度先后对纳米流体热导率提升起主导作用,碳管酸化处理后,改善了其分散性并降低了接触热阻,这是纳米流体热导率提高的主要因素。但随着碳管酸化时间的延长,碳管长径比起主导作用。碳管纳米流体的粘度主要受碳管分散性和直线度的影响。     

新型无机非金属材料相变的热物性研究

本文系统地研究了新型无机非金属材料的各类相变、极化处理和晶体取向对其热物理性质的影响。用各种测试技术测定了六种新型无机材料在较大温度范围内的导热系数、导温系数、比热和热膨胀系数。实验结果显示出这些材料发生相变时,在热物性曲线上都将出现突变。由突变点所确定的相变温度(居里点)与用电学方法测定的结果相吻合,据此,热物性的测试研究可作为研究材料相变的一个新的判据和手段。     

添加纳米颗粒和分散剂的相变流体性能测试研究

结合太阳能低温集热蓄热,基于前期选定的烃类相变流体,通过热物性和稳定性测试对比,选取了适合的纳米颗粒(TiO_2)和分散剂(SDBS),分析了纳米颗粒质量分数、粒径以及分散剂质量分数对相变流体的热物性及稳定性的影响。结果表明,纳米颗粒质量分数越大,颗粒粒径越大,相变流体的热物性及动态稳定性越差,而分散剂质量分数对相变流体的动态稳定性影响不大。烃类相变流体中分别添加质量分数为0.1%的20 nm TiO_2纳米颗粒和质量分数为0.1%的SDBS分散剂,其热物性及稳定性最佳。     

纳米流体的分散性研究及其热物性测量

采用"两步法"制备了稳定性良好的γ-Al2O3-DW和CNTs-DW纳米流体,研究了分散剂对纳米流体悬浮稳定性的影响,测试了溶液的热扩散系数和比定压热容,并根据测试数据计算出导热系数.结果表明,分散剂种类和用量对纳米流体的分散有重要影响,相对于基础液体(DW),纳米流体的导热系数和热扩散系数有一定的提高,但比定压热容减小.     

点热源热脉冲法测算生物流体的热物性参数

采用微珠状热敏电阻作为点热源和测温元件，在一维点源脉冲传热模型的基础上建立一种同时测量生物流体热扩散系数、导热系数和热容的瞬态方法。运用非线性参数拟合，直接从感温热敏电阻对热脉冲温度响应中同时获取待测的热物性参数。实验中设计了一个高灵敏度的温度测量电路，测试结果表明，本方法测量误差小于4％。此外，还讨论了测量数据的处理和影响测量的因素。     

低温流体热物性数据库的国内外概况

综述了国外低温流体热物性数据库工作进展情况、氦热物性数据库的研究概况。并综述了国内一些学者研完低温流体物性数据的概况。     

瞬态热丝法测量纳米流体的导热系数

推导了用双铂丝测量流体导热系数的瞬态热丝法的实验关联式,并据此设计实验装置,分析误差因素,给出了系统误差修正系数.用该装置测量了几种纳米流体的导热系数并作了相关分析.     

金属及合金熔点热物性动态测试新方法研究

利用物质熔化与凝固过程中导热逆(或反)问题原理，在建立了相界面移动与两相热物理性质关系的基础上，提出了一种新颖的热物性动态测试方法，即由相变速率动态测试热物性参数。由于是对熔点高的金属进行测试，故不能采用解析求解，而是运用数值求解；并用铅、锌、铝等已知热物性的金属对此方法进行了评定，测试结果与参照值误差不超过3％；还对相变导热系数未知的铅锑、铅锡、铋锡、铝硅、铝铜5种共晶合金进行了测试，其结果具有较高的参考价值。该方法的优点在于测试过程中所求热物性参数与相界面位置是由精确的传热方程所约束，故测量较简便，结果准确、可靠、误差小，并可测得多个热物性数据。     

关于测试材料热物性热脉冲法的新探讨

建立起热脉冲法的新理论模型，分析了相应的测试技术问题。利用研制的微机测试系统 种材料的热扩散系数和导热系数进行了测定，得到了满意的结果，表明本文所提出的测试广阔进可信的。     

国外低温流体热物性数据库的引进消化

介绍了从美国、日本引进的气体热物性数据库、氦热物性数据库、流体热物性数据库、混合物热物性数据库的内容、性能、特点、计算范围和可求解的物性参数等,并给以消化、改进。     

Thermal Conductivity,Thermal Diffusivity,and Heat Capacity of Gaseous Argon and Nitrogen

Low-pressure thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity measurements are reported for argon and nitrogen in the temperature range from 295 to 350 K at pressures from 0.34 to 6.9 MPa using an absolute transient hot-wire instrument. Thermal conductivity measurements were also made with the same instrument in its steady-state mode of operation. The measurements are estimated to have an uncertainty of 1% for the transient thermal conductivity, 3% for the steady-state thermal conductivity, and 4% for thermal diffusivity. The values of isobaric specific heat, derived from the measured thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, are considered accurate to 5% although this is dependent upon the uncertainty of the equation of state utilized.Paper presented at the Sixteenth European Conference on Thermophysical Properties, September 1–4, 2002, London, United Kingdom     

Thermal conductivity of air in the range 312 to 373 K and 0.1 to 24 MPa

We have used the transient hot-wire technique to make absolute measurements of the thermal conductivity of dry, CO₂-free air in the temperature range from 312 to 373 K and at pressures of up to 24 MPa. The precision of the data is typically ±0.1%, and the overall absolute uncertainty is thought to be less than 0.5%. The data may be expressed, within their uncertainty, by polynomials of second degree in the density. The values at zero-density agree with other reported data to within their combined uncertainties. The excess thermal conductivity as a function of density is found to be independent of the temperature in the experimental range. The excess values at the higher densities are lower than those reported in earlier work.Nomenclature Thermal conductivity, mW · m^–1 · K^–1 - Density, kg · m^–3 - C _p Specific heat capacity at constant pressure, J · kg^–1 · K^–1 - T Absolute temperature, K - q Heat input per unit wire length, W · m^–1 - t Time, s - K(=/C _p) Thermal diffusivity, m² · s^–1 - a Wire radius, m - Euler's constant (=0.5772 ) - p _c Critical pressure, MPa - T _c Critical temperature, K - _c Critical density, kg · m^–3 - R Gas constant (=8.314 J · mol^–1 · K^–1) - V _c Critical volume, m³ · mol^–1 - Z _c(=p _c V _c/RT _c) Critical compressibility factor     

The Thermal Conductivity, Thermal Diffusivity, and Heat Capacity of Gaseous Argon

This paper presents new absolute measurements for the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of gaseous argon obtained with a transient hot-wire instrument. Six isotherms were measured in the supercritical dense gas at temperatures between 296 and 423 K and pressures up to 61 MPa. A new analysis for the influence of temperature-dependent properties and residual bridge unbalance is used to obtain the thermal conductivity with an uncertainty of less than 1% and the thermal diffusivity with an uncertainty of less than 4%. Isobaric heat capacity results were derived from measured values of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity using a density calculated from an equation of state. The heat capacities presented here have a nominal uncertainty of 4% and demonstrate that this property can be obtained successfully with the transient hot wire technique over a wide range of fluid states. The technique will be useful when applied to fluids which lack specific heat data.     

Thermal Conductivity of Molten Lead-Free Solders

The paper reports measurements of the thermal conductivity of a number of molten solders for the electronics industry that are part of a group of materials designed to be free of the toxic problems associated with lead-based solders. The measurements have been carried out with a transient hot-wire instrument originally designed for the measurement of the thermal conductivity of pure molten metals. In the application reported here the instrument has been used largely unchanged but an improved finite-element code has been used for the analysis of the raw data so as to yield the thermal conductivity of the molten solders. The measurements extend from the melting point of the solder up to 625 K. The uncertainty in the thermal conductivity measurements is estimated to be no larger than 3%.Paper presented at the Seventh Asian Thermophysical Properties Conference, August 23–28, 2004, Hefei and Huangshan, Anhui, P. R. China     

Thermal Conductivity of Toluene+Cyclopentane Mixtures: Measurements and Prediction

New measurements of the thermal conductivity of toluene, cyclopentane, and a binary mixture of 60 wt% toluene are presented. The measurements cover the temperature range from 235 to 345 K and from the saturation line up to 20 MPa pressure. The measurements were performed with a transient hot-wire instrument. The uncertainty of the measurements is estimated to be ±0.5%. The present results are employed to examine the predictive power of a theoretically based scheme for the calculation of the transport properties of mixtures.     

纯聚丙烯热法铝塑复合膜及其热封性能

目的 为了提高铝塑复合膜的热封和抗腐蚀性能,提出一种新的基于纯聚丙烯(CPP)的热法铝塑膜制备方法。方法 不同于传统的干法和热法工艺,通过在铝箔表面沉积纳米金属防腐涂层直接实现纯CPP与铝箔的黏结,解决单层纯CPP在铝箔表面不能直接淋膜热复合的技术难题。对铝箔和铝塑膜的表面形貌,以及铝塑膜热力学性能、热封性能进行研究。结果 纳米涂层工艺提高了铝箔表面粗糙度,增大了铝箔和CPP之间的接触面积。热封测试的实验结果表明纯CPP热法铝塑膜的一封热封强度超过了140 N/15 mm,在电解液浸泡后的二封热封强度仍接近于140 N/15 mm。结论 纯CPP热法铝塑膜具备良好的热封和耐电解液腐蚀性能,在动力电池领域具备应用前景。     

The Thermal Conductivity, Thermal Diffusivity, and Specific Heat of Liquid n-Pentane

The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of liquid n-pentane have been measured over the temperature range from 293 to 428 K at pressures from 3.5 to 35 MPa using a transient hot-wire instrument. It was determined that the results were influenced by fluid thermal radiation, and a new expression for this effect is presented. The uncertainty of the experimental results is estimated to be better than ±0.5% for thermal conductivity and ±2% for thermal diffusivity. The results, corrected for fluid thermal radiation, are correlated as functions of temperature and density with a maximum uncertainty of ±2% for thermal conductivity and ±4% for thermal diffusivity. Derived values of the isobaric specific heat are also given.     

Simultaneous measurement of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of solids by the parallel-wire method

An improved parallel-wire technique for simultaneous measurement of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity is presented. The deviation between experimental results and recommended (or another author's) values is less than 5% for fused quartz and refractory brick.     

A New Instrument for the Measurement of the Thermal Conductivity of Fluids

The transient hot-wire technique is at present the best technique for obtaining standard reference data for the thermal conductivity of fluids. It is an absolute technique, with a working equation and a complete set of corrections reflecting departures from the ideal model, where the principal variables are measured with a high degree of accuracy. It is possible to evaluate the uncertainty of the experimental thermal conductivity data obtained using the best metrological recommendations. The liquids proposed by IUPAC (toluene, benzene, and water) as primary standards were measured with this technique with an uncertainty of 1% or better (95% confidence level). Pure gases and gaseous mixtures were also extensively studied. It is the purpose of this paper to report on a new instrument, developed in Lisbon, for the measurement of the thermal conductivity of gases and liquids, covering temperature and pressure ranges that contain the near-critical region. The performance of the instrument for pressures up to 15 MPa was tested with gaseous argon, and measurements on dry air (Synthetic gas mixture, with molar composition certified by Linde AG, Wiesbaden, Germany, Ar – 0.00920; O₂ – 0.20966; N₂ – 0.78114), from room temperature to 473 K and pressures up to 10 MPa are also reported. The estimated uncertainty is 1%.M. L. V. Ramires: DeceasedPaper presented at the Seventeenth European Conference on Thermophysical Properties, September 5–8, 2005, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.     

Numerical Analysis of Convective Instabilities in a Transient Short-Hot-Wire Setup for Measurement of Liquid Thermal Conductivity

Numerical simulation has been used to investigate the effects of natural convection on measurements of the thermal conductivity of fluids by transient hot-wire methods. Comparison of the numerical data with the experimental results obtained with a custom-built setup exploiting a short-wire geometry allows fixing an operationally useful time scale, where convective effects can be safely neglected.