Ⅱ型自身免疫性胰腺炎的CT灌注成像研究

目的应用全器官CT灌注成像技术对自身免疫性胰腺炎进行扫描,分析其灌注特点及血流动力学改变。方法应用320排CT对7例自身免疫性胰腺炎患者进行低剂量全胰腺CT灌注成像检查,并与11例胰腺正常及8例胰腺癌患者的灌注特点进行对比,分析各组灌注参数及血流动力学差异。结果 7例患者均成功完成全胰腺CT灌注成像检查。通过影像学与临床综合诊断分析,7例患者均诊断为Ⅱ型自身免疫性胰腺炎。病变位于胰头处5例,胰体尾部2例;5例患者伴有胰管扩张,4例伴有肝内胆管扩张,1例患者伴有溃疡性结肠炎。时间-密度曲线分析表明:自身免疫性胰腺炎患者病灶强化方式与正常胰腺组织相似,但强化程度明显低于正常胰腺组织。统计学分析AIP与正常胰腺组织及胰腺癌组织的灌注血流值均有明显统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论 CT灌注成像可量化评价自身免疫性胰腺炎的血流动力学改变,对Ⅱ型自身免疫性胰腺炎的诊断与鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

局灶性自身免疫性胰腺炎与胰腺癌的CT鉴别诊断

目的探讨局灶性自身免疫性胰腺炎（AIP）的CT和临床特征,提高该病与胰腺癌的CT鉴别能力。方法回顾性分析复旦大学附属肿瘤医院9例经病理证实的局灶性AIP及9例胰腺癌患者的动态增强CT特征和临床表现。局灶性AIP选择美国梅奥医学中心AIP诊断标准,均由穿刺活检或手术病理证实;胰腺癌均由手术病理证实。对比病灶在部位、形态、强化方式、胰管改变、胰周及胰腺外改变等方面的不同。结果 9例局灶性AIP患者中,8例（88.9%）有局灶性胰腺肿大,1例（11.1%）外形正常。9例（100.0%）病灶均在CT平扫中呈相对低密度,8例（88.9%）增强后呈延迟强化,3例（33.3%）出现病灶远端胰管轻度扩张,以上特点与胰腺癌患者表现相比差异均有统计学意义。2例（22.2%）出现胰周包膜样改变。仅1例（11.1%）具有梗阻性黄疸及AIP合并硬化性胆管炎。3例（33.3%）有胰周淋巴结肿大。以上特征与胰腺癌患者表现相比差异无统计学意义。结论 CT对局灶性AIP与胰腺癌的鉴别诊断具有一定价值。     

螺旋CT诊断不可切除性胰腺癌的价值分析

目的提高对不可切除性胰腺癌的认识及诊断水平。方法回顾分析经手术、病理证实不能手术切除之胰腺癌22例的CT表现，仔细观察平扫及增强各期正常部分胰腺和胰腺癌的形态、密度的变化，对其增强特点、胰周血管、胰周脂肪、是否累及胰周器官及转移特点进行重点分析。结果胰腺癌不可切除的征象有以下几点：胰周血管爱侵、淋巴结转移、邻近器官受侵、胰周小静脉迂曲扩张．胰周脂肪间隙模糊消失。结论螺旋CT双期扫描对胰腺癌诊断及不可切除性评估具有十分重要的临床价值。     

胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎与胰头癌的CT鉴别诊断

目的：分析胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎和胰头癌的CT表现及鉴别要点,以提高其CT诊断和鉴别诊断能力。资料与方法：回顾性分析2003年4月~2009年7月我院证实的30例胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎与30例胰头癌患者的CT资料,总结其CT特征。结果：胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎与胰头癌主要CT鉴别点：①肿块钙化（17例,0例）;②门脉期肿块强化与正常胰腺对比,呈相对低密度（2例,30例）,相对等密度（28例,0例）;③胰体尾萎缩（0例,18例）,胰腺假囊肿（13例,1例）;④胰管扩张（18例,25例）,胰管钙化（13例,0例）,病灶处胰管截断（4例,12例）,病灶处胰管贯通（14例,1例）;⑤胆管扩张（25例,12例）,病灶处胆管截断（2例,21例）,病灶处胆管逐渐变细（10例,4例）;⑥不相交征（0例,20例）。结论：胰头部慢性肿块型胰腺炎与胰头癌的CT表现具备一定特征性, CT检查能够为两者的鉴别提供重要依据。     

25例慢性胰腺炎CT表现

目的分析慢性胰腺炎的CT表现。方法搜集经临床或手术证实的慢性胰腺炎25例,对其CT直接征象和间接征象进行分析。结果25例慢性胰腺炎中,5例胰腺弥漫性肿大,7例胰腺局限肿大,11例见胰腺实质钙化或胰管内结石,9例示左侧肾前筋膜增厚,3例胰周脂肪层条片状密度增高,13例胰腺萎缩,6例胰管呈串珠状、囊状、不规则状扩张,此胰管扩张为慢性胰腺炎特征表现之一;局限性胰腺肿块,增强后均匀及特续强化,此强化特点为与胰腺癌的鉴别要点之一。结论慢性胰腺炎临床诊断较为困难,CT对其诊断具有重要价值。     

CT纹理分析用于自身免疫性胰腺炎及胰腺癌鉴别诊断的可行性

目的:探讨CT纹理分析(CTTA)鉴别诊断自身免疫性胰腺炎(AIP)及胰腺癌可行性。方法:将2018年1月至2019年12月本在本院行CT增强扫描的28例AIP和32例胰腺癌患者纳入对比研究,分析两组患者图像纹理特征,通过A.K软件获得各期直方图参数,比较两组直方图参数的差异。结果:两组密度均匀度、增强后静脉期病灶密度强化、腊肠样改变、截断征、延迟强化、被膜样边缘等方面存在差异(P0.05),而两组在胰管扩张、合并淋巴肿大、胰周血管受累、增强扫描动脉期病灶强化密度方面比较差异不显著(P0.05)。AIP组在动脉期、门静脉期、延迟期中CT平均值、中位数、第25百分位数、均匀性均高于胰腺癌组(P0.05),而各期熵值均低于胰腺癌组(P0.05)。结论:CT增强造影可作为AIP与胰腺癌的定性分析,而CTTA可作为AIP与胰腺癌的定量分析。通过定性及定量分析可为临床医生鉴别AIP与胰腺癌及临床治疗方案的选择提供参考依据。     

MRCP形态学分析对胰头癌和胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎的诊断价值

目的：探讨磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）形态学变化对胰头癌和胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析30例胰头癌与30例胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎患者的MRCP表现。结果：胰头癌组的MRCP特征包括：①胰管扩张25例,病灶处截断26例,远端胰管呈光滑均匀扩张21例;②胆管扩张25例,胰头处截断21例;③肝内胆管扩张24例。胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎的MRCP特征包括：①胰管扩张18例,病灶处胰管贯通26例,远端胰管串珠样扩张17例;②胆管扩张12例,病灶处逐渐变细10例,正常18例;③肝内胆管扩张11例;④胰管结石14例,假囊肿9例。结论：MRCP表现的形态特征对胰头癌和胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎的诊断有鉴别意义。     

小肠淋巴瘤与小肠腺癌的多层螺旋CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的:探讨小肠淋巴瘤与小肠嚎癌的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)诊断特征及鉴别,方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的14例小肠淋巴瘤和12例小肠腺癌病灶的好发部位与范围、强化模式、周围脏器及淋巴结转移情况.结果:小肠淋巴瘤累及肠壁好发小肠远段,范围较广;病灶强化模式呈"缓慢上升"模式,并通过三维血管成像(CTA)可发现"肿瘤包绕血管"征象;可伴有后腹膜或肠系膜淋巴结肿大.小肠腺癌好发小肠近段,范围较局限,以环形累及肠壁为主;病灶强化模式呈"快速上升-平台"模式.并通过CTA病灶出现"肿瘤染色"征象,可伴有肝脏转移,周围小淋巴结显示,以及侵犯胰腺,出现肝内外胆管、胰管扩张等征象.结论:小肠淋巴瘤与小肠腺癌在双期增强扫描及MPR、3D-CTA上各具有相对特征性表现.     

胰腺癌MRI各征象的诊断价值

目的观察磁共振成像(MRI)中胰腺癌各征象及其组合对胰腺癌诊断的价值。方法因胰腺及其周围疾病手术患者80例,胰腺癌及非胰腺癌各40例。均在术前1个月内进行全面的MR检查。以选定MRI征象或其组合为参考标准,诊断为胰腺癌。结果与手术及病理检查报告对比,进行统计分析,画出ROC曲线。结果应用动态对比增强诊断胰腺癌效果较好,40例胰腺癌发现36例,在40例其他疾病中有6例被错误地归类至胰腺癌。其敏感性、特异性和正确性分别为90%、85%和87.5%。应用磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)检查,以胰管非穿透性扩张为指标,特异性95%,敏感性52.5%。结论动态对比增强检查在应用MRI诊断胰腺癌时非常重要,在动态对比增强的MRI图像中发现病灶呈轻度或无强化是诊断胰腺癌的较好指标。MRCP对胰头癌诊断很有必要,如发现胰腺改变并有胰管非穿透性扩张,则诊断基本可以确立。     

小胰腺癌CT误漏诊原因分析

目的分析小胰腺癌CT误诊或漏诊的原因。方法回顾性分析17例初次CT误诊或漏诊、后经病理或随访证实小胰腺癌病例,男性10例,女性7例,平均年龄63岁。分别对病变的大小、形态、密度及强化方式进行回顾性分析,同时评估胰管和胆管扩张、胰腺萎缩和转移的情况。结果17例病变中胰头10例、胰体4例、胰尾3例。病变的平均直径为1.8cm(1.2～2cm)。平扫14例表现为等密度,3例为低密度;动脉期11例为低密度,6例为等密度;门脉期8例为低密度,9例为等密度。5例显示胆管扩张,6例胰管扩张。5例出现肝脏转移。结论单层螺旋CT对早期小胰腺癌的诊断有一定的难度,漏诊和误诊的原因主要包括病变较小,对比较差,扫描层厚太厚,扫描时机欠妥当,对病变的主观认识不足等。优化扫描技术,提高认识是提高诊断水平的关键。     

自身免疫性胰腺炎的CT诊断

目的 探讨自身免疫性胰腺炎(ALP)的CT表现.方法 回顾性分析6例AIP患者的临床资料,5例行螺旋CT平扫 增强扫描,其中3例患者行CT延迟扫描,其中的1例患者与另1例患者行PET/CT检查;从胰腺形态、大小、强化形式、胰管、胆总管、胰周及腹膜后间隙分析CT表现.结果 66.7%(4/6例)AIP表现为胰腺弥漫增大,33.3%(2/6例)表现为胰腺局限性增大;66.7%(4/6例)可见"鞘膜"征;100%(5/5例)增强扫描呈门脉期和延迟期均匀强化;100%(6/6例)有主胰管狭窄;33.3%(2/6例)可见胆总管胰头段狭窄致低位胆道梗阻;33.3%(2/6例)伴淋巴结肿大.2例(100%)PET/CT提示病变摄取增高.结论 自身免疫性胰腺炎具有典型的CT表现,能够明确诊断,避免不必要的手术.动脉期、门脉期及延迟期增强CT扫描对其诊断具有重要价值.     

小儿先天性胆管囊肿的CT诊断（附21例报告）

目的 探讨小儿先天性胆管囊肿的CT诊断及鉴别诊断。方法 对21例经手术和/或病理证实的资料完整的小儿胆管囊肿病例进行回顾性分析。结果 21例先天性胆管囊肿的CT表现如下：（1）单纯胆总管囊性扩张13例,表现为肝门区或胰头区附近圆形的水样密度灶,增强囊内无变化。（2）肝内胆管多发囊性扩张2例,表现为肝内多个囊并且太,梭状低密度灶,增强后,可见其内有中心点状及树枝状明显强化灶。（3）肝内外胆管多发囊性扩张6例,同时具有以上两种征象,本病需与胰头囊肿,右肾囊肿,肠系膜囊肿,肝内单发或多发囊肿,梗阻性肝内胆管扩张等病鉴别。结论 CT是诊断小儿先天性胆管囊肿的重要方法。     

Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with clonorchiasis: CT evaluation

BACKGROUND: I evaluated the computed tomographic (CT) features of nine pathologically proven cases of cholangiocarcinoma in the extrahepatic bile duct associated with clonorchiasis. METHODS: CT scans of nine pathologically proven cholangiocarcinoma associated with clonorchiasis were reviewed retrospectively. CT scans were analyzed for the following parameters: tumor (detection, location, gross morphologic type, contrast enhancement), intrahepatic bile duct (dilatation, pattern of dilatation), common bile duct (dilatation, Clonorchis sinensis worms), gallbladder (inflammation, C. sinensis worms), invasion of the contiguous viscera (pancreas, duodenum, liver), lobar atrophy, and lymphadenopathy and metastasis. RESULTS: CT depicted the level and cause of obstruction in all nine patients (100%). Contrast enhancement of the tumors relative to the liver parenchyma showed isoattenuation in five tumors (55%) and hyperattenuation in four tumors (44%). Severe, uniform dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct was identified in six patients (67%) and central dilatation was seen in two patients (22%). No evidence of dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct was seen in one patent (11%). Most tumors were located in the proximal third of the extrahepatic bile duct ( n = 7, 78%). Male preponderance was found ( n = 8, 89%). CONCLUSION: Cholangiocarcinoma associated with clonorchiasis was located predominantly in the proximal third of the extrahepatic bile duct and detected more readily than nonclonorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma.     

Computed tomographic and ultrasonic appearances of primary carcinoma of the common bile duct

Two patients with obstructive jaundice due to surgically proved primary carcinoma of the common bile duct were examined by CT and ultrasound. The combination of the two modalities showed dilatation of the extrahepatic biliary system and the main pancreatic duct. The diagnosis of primary bile duct carcinoma is suggested by these findings in the presence of a normal pancreatic head, although similar findings may occur with a small pancreatic or ampullary carcinoma.     

CT灌注成像在肾肿瘤鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨CT灌注成像在肾肿瘤定性诊断和鉴别诊断方面的应用价值.方法共收集肾癌15例,肾盂癌9例,肾错构瘤12例.以健康志愿者30例为对照组.进行肾区CT平描后选择经肾门层面或肿瘤的最大层面进行同层动态增强扫描,通过感兴趣区域分析法获得正常肾皮质、肾肿瘤组织和腹主动脉的时间-密度曲线,计算正常肾皮质和肾肿瘤组织的灌注值.结果正常肾皮质的灌注值为(2.68±0.40) ml/(min·ml),肾癌灌注值为(1.51±0.68) ml/(min·ml),肾癌灌注值显著高于肾盂癌和肾错构瘤的灌注值.结论 CT灌注成像在肾肿瘤定性诊断和鉴别诊断方面具有一定的临床应用价值.     

Carcinoma of the gallbladder associated with clonorchiasis: clinicopathologic and CT evaluation

BACKGROUND: The computed tomographic (CT) features of three cases with pathologically proven adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder associated with clonorchiasis. METHODS: CT scans of three cases with pathologically proven adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder associated with clonorchiasis were retrospectively reviewed. Scans were analyzed for the following parameters: (a) gross morphologic pattern (intralumenal mass lesion, mass replacing the gallbladder, focal or diffuse wall thickening); (b) contrast enhancement of the tumors; (c) associated gallstones or Chlonorchis sinensis worms; (d) direct invasion into the liver; (e) metastasis to adjacent viscera (pancreas, duodenum); (f) the extrahepatic bile duct (dilatation, metastasis, stone, C. sinensis worms); (g) the intrahepatic bile duct (dilatation); and (h) lymphadenopathy and metastasis. RESULTS: The gross morphologic pattern of three cases with carcinoma of the gallbladder was an intralumenal mass lesion (the least common type), whereas the patterns of infiltration and a mass replacing the gallbladder were not identified. Mild contrast enhancement of the tumors relative to the liver was demonstrated in all patients. Gallstones and C. sinensis worms were not visualized in the gallbladder and the extrahepatic bile duct. An unusual metastasis to the distal common bile duct and the pancreas was found in this series. CONCLUSION: Three cases with adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder associated with clonorchiasis showed intralumenal mass lesions within the gallbladder lumen. The cause-and-effect relation between clonorchiasis and gallbladder carcinoma is discussed.     

ERCP后CT及MPR诊断肝外梗阻性黄疸病因(附24例分析)

目的:探讨ERCP后加做肝胆胰CT对肝外胆道梗阻病因的诊断价值。材料和方法:24例肝外胆道梗阻病人,经ERCP造影后立即进行CT扫描,应用MPR技术充分显示胆道及其周围情况。结果:24例中,胆管癌5例,胰头癌7例,壶腹癌1例,胆总管下端结石9例,胆总管炎2例,均经手术证实,无假阳性及假阴性。结论:ERCP后加做肝胆胰CT及MPR是诊断肝外梗阻性黄疸的一种可靠手段。