多源信息融合及其在齿轮泵故障诊断中的应用

针对齿轮泵故障信息的不确定性和模糊性,提出了一种多源信息融合的贝叶斯网络故障诊断方法。在探讨齿轮泵故障机理的基础上提取振动、流量和压力信号作为故障特征,构造故障贝叶斯网络,建立贝叶斯分类器进行多特征信息融合,利用最大后验概率准则判别故障类型。融合结果表明,该方法能够有效实现齿轮泵多种故障的诊断,具有广阔的应用前景。     

基于贝叶斯网络和粗糙集的信息融合方法研究及应用

利用贝叶斯网络处理不确定性问题能力强和粗糙集约简能够去除冗余性特征的优势,提出了一种基于贝叶斯网络和粗糙集的信息融合方法。该方法提取齿轮泵振动信号的幅域量纲参数作为来自不同传感器的多源信息,改进了特征属性约简方法,设计了贝叶斯网络分类器,构建了多故障贝叶斯网络对特征进行融合,通过最大后验概率准则识别故障类型。两次融合结果对比分析表明,特征属性约简后诊断正确率明显提高,验证了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

多特征信息融合的贝叶斯网络故障诊断方法研究

针对轴向柱塞泵故障特征的模糊性和不完备性特点,提出一种多特征信息融合与贝叶斯网络相结合的故障诊断方法。该方法从柱塞泵采集的振动信号中提取出频域和幅域的多个故障特征,并将这些特征当作来自多个不同传感器的多源信息。利用贝叶斯参数估计算法进行多特征信息融合。通过构造贝叶斯网络并建立贝叶斯分类器来简化融合后的结果,通过最大后验概率估计值的计算进行故障识别。经过轴向柱塞泵多故障模式的诊断实验,验证了该方法能够有效地实现柱塞泵柱塞松靴和脱靴故障的诊断。     

基于多传感器数据融合和深度残差收缩网络的轴向柱塞泵故障诊断

为了解决单传感器振动信息不能全面表达柱塞泵故障特征信息的问题，提出了一种基于多传感器数据融合深度残差收缩网络学习的轴向柱塞泵故障诊断方法。首先，采用多传感器对振动信号进行采集，完善振动信号的故障特征信息。其次，针对振动信号的非平稳、非线性等特征，提出基于多元多尺度散布熵的多通道融合方法，获取一维故障特征向量，从而达到增强故障冲击特征的目的。然后，将故障特征向量输入到深度残差收缩网络模型，通过注意力机制，利用软阈值函数降低样本噪声及无关特征干扰，实现轴向柱塞泵故障特征识别。最后，通过轴向柱塞泵故障诊断试验验证所提方法的有效性。试验结果表明，该方法可有效提取振动信号的故障特征，识别正确率明显高于典型的深度学习方法。     

液压泵信息融合故障诊断

针对液压泵故障特征的分散性和模糊性，提出基于振动和压力传感器的信息融合故障诊断方法。在充分分析液压泵球头松动故障机理的基础上，对振动信号和压力信号进行小波消噪处理，有效提取球头松动的故障特征。将不同类型特征参数进行特征层融合，利用主成分分析和改进算法的BP神经网络实现液压泵球头松动故障诊断。试验表明，基于不同类型传感器信息融合故障诊断方法可以有效地实现液压泵微弱故障的诊断。     

基于振动和声发射的滚动轴承故障检测

滚动轴承故障早期微弱特征信息的提取对于保障机械系统的正常运行具有十分重要的意义。鉴于单一类型传感器采集到的信息局限性,有时会造成诊断准确率较低。提出了一种将振动加速度与声发射两种检测信息融合的方法,并将其应用于滚动轴承故障的诊断。首先构建滚动轴承多传感器故障信息处理与融合的算法模型,随后基于滚动轴承故障实验平台与测试系统,获得滚动轴承典型状态的振动加速度和声发射信号,并对实验数据进行分析处理;最后,在此基础上,将振动加速度和声发射两种信号数据特征进行融合,完成对滚动轴承故障的诊断。研究结果表明,该方法对于滚动轴承故障模式的识别较为有效。     

电流与振动信号融合的转子系统故障诊断研究

针对传统转子系统故障诊断信号的单一性,提出了基于电机电流和多传感器振动信号的融合信号的转子系统故障诊断方法。首先在单跨转子试验台上模拟转子系统的不平衡、不对中、碰磨故障,并采集不同故障类型下拖动电机的电流信号及不同位置的振动信号,其次利用小波包能量法对采集的信号进行特征值提取,最后利用贝叶斯网络对转子系统故障类型进行识别。试验结果表明:与只利用电机电流信号或振动信号相比,利用融合信息进行转子系统故障诊断准确率明显提高。     

基于优化分簇贝叶斯网的转子振动故障诊断

针对柴油发动机的充电发电机结构及振动的复杂性导致其转子振动故障具有多层次性、耦合性和随机性,以及故障信息不完整性等特点,提出了一种基于振动频谱分析和贝叶斯网络的转子振动故障诊断方法。该方法将故障源和故障现象根据专家经验数值化表示并离散化,运用改进的优化分簇算法,构建特定振动故障类型的贝叶斯诊断网络,利用贝叶斯网络推理算法诊断出故障概率分布,并利用具体的故障证据、设定值对该方法进行验证。仿真及实验结果表明,该方法能在故障信息不完整情况下,依据不完整证据信息更新各网络节点的概率状态,实现对不确定信息的推理和估计,得到较好的诊断结果,提高了转子振动故障的诊断准确度。     

基于基座多振动信号融合的转子故障诊断

针对目前常用的旋转机械转子故障诊断中直接对转子部件诊断安装传感器困难、通用性差等问题,利用转子-轴承-基座系统的振动传递性,提出了一种基于基座的多传感器信息融合故障诊断方法。采用相关函数法来确定基座上传感器的最佳布置方案,通过自适应的信号融合方法,克服基座上故障信号特征较弱,包含更多干扰信号的特点,对转子部件故障进行有效诊断。最后在综合故障试验台中进行试验验证,证明了该方法的可行性。     

利用DCNN融合多传感器特征的故障诊断方法

缘于多传感器信号的融合能够更加准确地诊断机械故障,针对传统浅层融合模型对复杂数据非线性映射与特征表示能力较弱的问题,提出一种利用深度卷积神经网络(deep convolutional neural network,简称DCNN)融合多传感器信号特征的机械故障诊断方法。首先,对多传感器振动信号分别进行特征提取,将获得特征向量作为一维特征面构造多传感器特征面集合,将该集合作为深度卷积神经网络的输入;其次,利用深度网络结构实现对多通道特征面的自适应层级化融合与提取;最后,由softmax回归分类器输出诊断结果。实验结果表明,该方法具有更高的故障分类与辨识能力,良好的鲁棒性和自适应性。本方法可为解决复杂机械系统故障诊断的多传感器信息融合问题,提供理论参考依据。     

Fault diagnosis of axial piston pumps with multi-sensor data and convolutional neural network

Axial piston pumps have wide applications in hydraulic systems for power transmission. Their condition monitoring and fault diagnosis are essential in ensuring the safety and reliability of the entire hydraulic system. Vibration and discharge pressure signals are two common signals used for the fault diagnosis of axial piston pumps because of their sensitivity to pump health conditions. However, most of the previous fault diagnosis methods only used vibration or pressure signal, and literatures related to multi-sensor data fusion for the pump fault diagnosis are limited. This paper presents an end-to-end multi-sensor data fusion method for the fault diagnosis of axial piston pumps. The vibration and pressure signals under different pump health conditions are fused into RGB images and then recognized by a convolutional neural network. Experiments were performed on an axial piston pump to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results show that the proposed multi-sensor data fusion method greatly improves the fault diagnosis of axial piston pumps in terms of accuracy and robustness and has better diagnostic performance than other existing diagnosis methods.     

Hilbert-Huang变换在齿轮故障诊断中的应用

为齿轮故障诊断提供了一种新的途径,将Hilbert-Huang变换引入齿轮故障诊断,提出了局部Hilbert能量谱的概念,同时根据齿轮故障振动信号的特点建立了两种基于Hilbert-Huang变换的齿轮故障诊断方法:基于EMD的频率族分离法和Hilbert能量谱方法。采用EMD(Empiricalmodedecomposition)方法对齿轮振动信号能有效地将各个频率族分离;局部Hilbert能量谱可以反映齿轮振动信号的能量随时间和频率的分布情况,从而可以提取齿轮振动信号的故障信息。将这两种方法应用于齿轮故障诊断中,结果表明,基于EMD的频率族分离法和Hilbert能量谱方法都能有效地提取齿轮故障特征信息。     

基于倒谱和包络解调的齿轮箱故障诊断

齿轮箱是设备上重要的传动部件,齿轮故障诊断对设备的长期安全运行起着至关重要的作用.根据齿轮振动机理及谱分析来进行振动信息处理和特征提取,是目前齿轮故障诊断中的一种有效方法.分析了齿轮箱的振动故障特性,提出了用解调谱和倒谱两种分析法相结合来对系统的输出信号进行故障诊断的方法.最后在齿轮故障模拟实验台上采集了故障下的振动信...     

The fault feature extraction and classification of gear using principal component analysis and kernel principal component analysis based on the wavelet packet transform

The vibration signal of a gear system is selected as the original information of fault diagnosis and the gear system vibration equipment is established. The vibration acceleration signals of the normal gear, gear with tooth root crack fault, gear with pitch crack fault, gear with tooth wear fault and gear with multi-fault (tooth root crack & tooth wear fault) is collected in four kinds of speed conditions such as 300 rpm, 900 rpm, 1200 rpm and 1500 rpm. Using the method of wavelet threshold de-noising to denoise the original signal and decomposing the denoising signal utilizing the wavelet packet transform, then 16 frequency bands of decomposed signal are got. After restructuring the decomposing signal and obtaining the signal energy in each frequency band, the signal energy of the 16 bands is as the shortlisted fault characteristic data. Based on this, using the methods of principal component analysis (short for PCA) and kernel principal component analysis (short for KPCA) to extract the feature from the fault features of shortlisted 16-dimensional data feature, then the effect of reducing dimension analysis are compared. The fault classifications are displayed through the information that got from the first and the second principal component and kernel principal component, and these demonstrate they have a different and good effect of classification. Meanwhile, the article discusses the effect of feature extraction and classification that caused by the kernel function and the different options of its parameters. These provide a new method for a gear system fault feature extraction and classification.     

基于改进证据理论的多传感器信息融合故障诊断

针对传感器信号不确定会产生冲突证据的问题,提出了一种基于改进证据理论的多传感器信息融合故障诊断方法。提出了基于遗传神经网络的原始证据生成方法,利用遗传算法优化神经网络参数,提高网络训练速度;定义了向量空间和方向相似度,利用分类准则函数区分冲突证据和相似证据,通过可信度修正冲突证据,降低了因不确定性产生的冲突对合成结果的影响。通过齿轮泵故障实验验证了改进方法的有效性,改进方法的诊断正确率明显高于单一传感器的诊断正确率,并通过设置适当的阈值提高了方法的灵活性和适用性。     

Virtual prototype and experimental research on gear multi-fault diagnosis using wavelet-autoregressive model and principal component analysis method

Gear systems are an essential element widely used in a variety of industrial applications. Since approximately 80% of the breakdowns in transmission machinery are caused by gear failure, the efficiency of early fault detection and accurate fault diagnosis are therefore critical to normal machinery operations. Reviewed literature indicates that only limited research has considered the gear multi-fault diagnosis, especially for single, coupled distributed and localized faults. Through virtual prototype simulation analysis and experimental study, a novel method for gear multi-fault diagnosis has been presented in this paper. This new method was developed based on the integration of Wavelet transform (WT) technique, Autoregressive (AR) model and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for fault detection. The WT method was used in the study as the de-noising technique for processing raw vibration signals. Compared with the noise removing method based on the time synchronous average (TSA), the WT technique can be performed directly on the raw vibration signals without the need to calculate any ensemble average of the tested gear vibration signals. More importantly, the WT can deal with coupled faults of a gear pair in one operation while the TSA must be carried out several times for multiple fault detection. The analysis results of the virtual prototype simulation prove that the proposed method is a more time efficient and effective way to detect coupled fault than TSA, and the fault classification rate is superior to the TSA based approaches. In the experimental tests, the proposed method was compared with the Mahalanobis distance approach. However, the latter turns out to be inefficient for the gear multi-fault diagnosis. Its defect detection rate is below 60%, which is much less than that of the proposed method. Furthermore, the ability of the AR model to cope with localized as well as distributed gear faults is verified by both the virtual prototype simulation and experimental studies.     

基于线调频小波路径追踪阶比循环平稳解调的齿轮故障诊断

为从变转速齿轮箱振动信号中提取齿轮故障特征,提出基于线调频小波路径追踪的阶比循环平稳解调方法。该方法利用线调频小波路径追踪算法估计振动信号中的转速信号,根据转速信号对信号进行等角度采样,获取角域周期平稳信号,求取角域信号的循环自相关函数,在特征循环阶比处对循环自相关函数进行切片,并对切片进行解调分析得到切片解调谱,依据切片解调谱进行齿轮故障诊断。由于线调频小波路径追踪算法具有精度高和抗噪能力强的优点,而循环平稳解调算法可以有效提取淹没在噪声中的周期性故障特征,因而,该方法结合了二者的优点,适合于变转速齿轮信号的故障特征提取。算法仿真和应用实例表明,该方法能有效地提取变转速齿轮箱振动信号中的齿轮故障特征。     

新能源汽车油泵电机电磁力建模及其匝间故障监测方法研究

新能源汽车油泵电机出现匝间故障,无法保证燃料供给、控制压力、提供润滑和冷却等,威胁行车安全。对此,本文提出了一种基于电流和振动信号相结合的匝间故障在线监测方法。首先,根据麦克斯韦张量法构建含有故障电流谐波的电磁力模型。其次,设计了一个多传感器的电机信号采集电路。最后,采用改进的自适应经验模态分解法对经降噪后的振动信号进行自适应分解,利用相关系数法对所得的一系列本征模式函数筛选和重构。综合评估峭度与均方根值之比以及包络谱特征因子,得到故障特征指标提升52.3%,表明重构信号具备更高的敏感性,并通过电流波形分析验证了重构信号与故障特征的一致性。该研究对油泵电机故障诊断和状态预测具有重要工程意义。     

Blind vibration component separation and nonlinear feature extraction applied to the nonstationary vibration signals for the gearbox multi-fault diagnosis

Fault diagnosis of gearboxes, especially the gears and bearings, is of great importance to the long-term safe operation. An unexpected damage on the gearbox may break the whole transmission line down. It is therefore crucial for engineers and researchers to monitor the health condition of the gearbox in a timely manner to eliminate the impending faults. However, useful fault detection information is often submerged in heavy background noise. Thereby, a new fault detection method for gearboxes using the blind source separation (BSS) and nonlinear feature extraction techniques is presented in this paper. The nonstationary vibration signals were analyzed to reveal the operation state of the gearbox. The kernel independent component analysis (KICA) algorithm was used hereby as the BSS approach for the mixed observation signals of the gearbox vibration to discover the characteristic vibration source associated with the gearbox faults. Then the wavelet packet transform (WPT) and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) nonlinear analysis methods were employed to deal with the nonstationary vibrations to extract the original fault feature vector. Moreover, the locally linear embedding (LLE) algorithm was performed as the nonlinear feature reduction technique to attain distinct features from the feature vector. Lastly, the fuzzy k-nearest neighbor (FKNN) was applied to the fault pattern identification of the gearbox. Two case studies were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed diagnostic approach. One is for the gear fault diagnosis, and the other is to diagnose the rolling bearing faults of the gearbox. The nonstationary vibration data was acquired from the gear and rolling bearing fault test-beds, respectively. The experimental test results show that sensitive fault features can be extracted after the KICA processing, and the proposed diagnostic system is effective for the multi-fault diagnosis of the gears and rolling bearings. In addition, the proposed method can achieve higher performance than that without KICA processing with respect to the classification rate.