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The stability of three diesel fuels has been monitored during a sixteen month period of ambient storage. Two commercially available stability improving additives were found to have little effect on the storage stability of the fuels tested and to have a deleterious effect on fuel filterability characteristics. The sediment produced by the degradation of one of the fuels has been characterized using a range of analytical techniques, including infrared spectroscopy, pyrolysis, gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry (electron impact and fast atom bombardment ionization). Non-basic nitrogen compounds, in particular alkyl indoles, have been found to be important constituents of the fuel sediment. 相似文献
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Absorption spectra of several types of diesel fuel are studied experimentally. Index of refraction of these fuels is calculated using subtractive Kramers-Krönig analysis. The ageing process of fuels is simulated by prolonged boiling. Radiative properties of diesel fuel droplets are calculated using the Mie theory and a simplified approach, based on approximations of absorption and scattering efficiency factors. It is pointed out that the accuracy of the simplified approach is sufficient for practical applications in the visible and infrared ranges, for various types of diesel fuel, and for droplet radii in the range from 5 to 50 μm. The monodisperse approximation is shown to be applicable for the analysis of infrared radiative properties of realistic polydisperse diesel fuel sprays. 相似文献
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《Fuel》2007,86(7-8):1053-1061
In this work, we studied the phase diagram of diesel–biodiesel–ethanol blends at different purities of ethanol and different temperatures. Fuel properties (such as density, heat of combustion, cetane number, flash point and pour point) of the selected blends and their emissions performance in a diesel engine were examined and compared to those of base diesel. It was found that the fuel properties were close to the standard limit for diesel fuel; however, the flash point of blends containing ethanol was quite different from that of conventional diesel. The high cetane value of biodiesel could compensate for the decrease of the cetane number of the blends caused by the presence of ethanol. The heating value of the blends containing lower than 10% ethanol was not significantly different from that of diesel. As for the emissions of the blends, it was found that CO and HC reduced significantly at high engine load, whereas NOx increased, when compared to those of diesel. Taking these facts into account, a blend of 80% diesel, 15% biodiesel and 5% ethanol was the most suitable ratio for diesohol production because of the acceptable fuel properties (except flash point) and the reduction of emissions. 相似文献
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Diesel engines are employed as the major propulsion power for in-land and marine transportation vehicles primarily because of their rigid structure, low breakdown rate, high thermal efficiency and high fuel economy. It is expected that diesel engines will be widely used in the foreseeable future. However, the pollutants emitted from diesel engines (in particular nitrogen oxides and particulate matter) are detrimental to the health of living beings and ecological environment have been recognized as the major air pollution source in metropolitan areas and have thus attracted much research interest. Although diesel oil emulsion has been considered as a possible approach to reduce diesel engine pollutants, previous relevant applications were restricted to two-phase emulsions. Three-phase emulsions such as oil-in-water-in-oil briefly denoted as O/W/O emulsions and water-in-oil-in-water, denoted as W/O/W, have not been used as an alternative fuel for any combustion equipment. Studies on the properties of three-phase emulsion as fuel have not been found in the literatures. The emulsification properties of an O/W/O three-phase diesel fuel emulsion were investigated in this experimental study. The results show that the mean drop size of the O/W/O emulsion was reduced significantly with increasing homogenizing machine revolution speed. An increase in inner phase proportion of the O/W/O emulsion resulted in increasing the emulsion viscosity. The viscosity of O/W/O emulsion is greater than that for water-in-oil (denoted briefly as W/O emulsion) for the same water content. More stable emulsion turbidity appeared for three-phase O/W/O diesel emulsions added with emulsifier with HLB values ranging from 6 to 8. In addition, three-phase O/W/O emulsions with greater water content will form a larger number of liquid droplets, leading to a faster formation rate and greater emulsion turbidity at the beginning but a faster descending rate of emulsion turbidity afterwards. The potential for using O/W/O emulsions as an alternative fuel for diesel engines was also evaluated. 相似文献
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David Y. Z. Chang Jon H. Van Gerpen Inmok Lee Lawrence A. Johnson Earl G. Hammond Stephen J. Marley 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(11):1549-1555
The effects of using blends of methyl and isopropyl esters of soybean oil with No. 2 diesel fuel were studied at several steady-state
operating conditions in a four-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine. Fuel blends that contained 20, 50, and 70% methyl soyate
and 20 and 50% isopropyl soyate were tested. Fuel properties, such as cetane number, also were investigated. Both methyl and
isopropyl esters provided significant reductions in particulate emissions compared with No. 2 diesel fuel. A blend of 50%
methyl ester and 50% No. 2 diesel fuel provided a reduction of 37% in the carbon portion of the particulates and 25% in the
total particulates. The 50% blend of isopropyl ester and 50% No. 2 diesel fuel gave a 55% reduction in carbon and a 28% reduction
in total particulate emissions. Emissions of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons also were reduced significantly. Oxides
of nitrogen increased by 12%. 相似文献
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The specific gravities of biodiesel and 75, 50, and 20% blends with No. 1 and No. 2 diesel fuels were measured as a function of temperature from the onset of crystallization to 100°C. The results indicate that biodiesel and its blends demonstrate temperature-dependent behavior that is qualitively similar to the diesel fuels. The temperature dependence of the specific gravity for biodiesel and its blends was compared with the ASTM D 1250-80 procedure for the temperature correction of hydrocarbon fuels, and the procedure was found to provide accurate corrections. A blending equation was developed that allows the specific gravity of blends to be calculated from the specific gravities of the biodiesel and diesel fuels. 相似文献
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Mustafa E. Tat Jon H. Van Gerpen 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1999,76(12):1511-1513
As the use of biodiesel becomes more wide-spread, engine manufacturers have expressed concern about biodiesel’s higher viscosity. In particular, they are concerned that biodiesel may exhibit different viscosity-temperature characteristics that could result in higher fuel injection pressures at low engine operating temperatures. This study presents data for the kinematic viscosity of biodiesel and its blends with No. 1 and No. 2 diesel fuels at 75, 50, and 20% biodiesel, from close to their melting point to 100°C. The results indicate that while their viscosity is higher, biodiesel and its blends demonstrate temperature-dependent behavior similar to that of No. 1 and No. 2 diesel fuels. Equations of the same general form are shown to correlate viscosity data for both biodiesel and diesel fuel, and for their blends. A blending equation is presented that allows the kinematic viscosity to be calculated as a function of the biodiesel fraction. 相似文献
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Low temperature exhaust gas fuel reforming of diesel fuel 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The application of exhaust gas assisted fuel reforming in diesel engines has been investigated. The process involves hydrogen generation by direct catalytic interaction of diesel fuel with engine exhaust gas. Using a laboratory reforming mini reactor incorporated in the exhaust system of a diesel engine, up to 16% hydrogen in the reactor product gas was achieved at a reactor inlet temperature of 290 °C. The results showed that such levels of hydrogen can be produced with appropriate control of the reaction parameters at temperatures typical of exhaust gas temperatures of diesel engines operating at part load without any requirement for external heat source or air and steam supply. The use of simulated reformed fuel was shown to be beneficial in terms of engine exhaust emissions and resulted in reduction of NOX and smoke emissions. 相似文献
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采用双氧水-甲酸对重油催化裂化柴油进行氧化,然后使用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺萃取剂萃取脱硫。研究了在反应体系中氧化时间、氧化温度以及双氧水与甲酸的加入量对氧化脱硫率的影响,并考察了加入分散剂Span-80的效果。最终得到双氧水-甲酸-Span-80体系最佳氧化条件:分散剂Span-80为2.0%,双氧水为36%,甲酸为32%,氧化温度为60 ℃,氧化时间为50 min。分散剂Span-80的加入可以大大提高双氧水-甲酸体系对重油催化裂化柴油的氧化脱硫能力。在双氧水-甲酸体系最佳条件下氧化萃取脱硫率为85.58%,双氧水-甲酸-Span-80体系脱硫率高达98.27%,重油催化裂化柴油的硫含量由12 500 mg/L降至216 mg/L。气相色谱结果显示,氧化脱硫后重油催化裂化柴油中的噻吩、苯并噻吩及其衍生物基本被脱除,有少量二苯并噻吩及其衍生物需要进一步脱除。 相似文献
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Milford A. Hanna Yusuf Ali S. L. Cuppett Danian Zheng 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(6):759-763
Methyl tallowate was prepared from edible beef tallow via transesterification, and was blended with ethanol and/or No.2 diesel
fuel in different ratios. Crystallization characteristics of methyl tallowate and its blends were studied at temperatures
ranging from 22 to −16°C. Blending ethanol with methyl tallowate reduced crystal formation at all temperatures. As the temperature
of the blends was reduced from 22 to 0°C, there was no effect on crystal formation of saturated vs. unsaturated fatty acids.
Below 0°C, the saturated fatty acids crystallized at a much faster rate than the unsaturated fatty acids. 相似文献
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Chodchanok Attaphong Nattaya Morawan Piampoom Sarikprueck Ampira Charoensaeng Sutha Khaodhiar 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2023,26(3):335-344
Microemulsification and blending are two viscosity-modifying techniques of vegetable oils for direct use with diesel engine. In this study, alcohol blends are mixtures of ethanol, diesel, and palm-oil biodiesel while microemulsion biofuels are thermodynamically stable, clear, and single-phase mixtures of diesel, palm oil, and ethanol stabilized by surfactants and cosurfactants. Although there are many studies on biofuels lately, there is limited research on using biodiesel as a surfactant in microemulsion formulations and applied on engine performance at different engine loads. Therefore, the objectives are to investigate phase stability and fuel properties of formulated biofuels (various blends and microemulsions), to determine the engine performance at different engine loads (no load, and from 0.5 to 2.0 kW), and to estimate laboratory-scale cost of the selected biofuels compared to diesel and biodiesel. The results showed that phase stability and fuel properties of selected microemulsion biofuels are comparable to diesel and biodiesel. These microemulsion biofuels can be applied to the diesel engine at different loads while diesel-ethanol blends and palm-oil-biodiesel-ethanol blends cannot be. It was found that the energy efficiencies of the system using microemulsion biofuels were slightly lower than the average energy efficiency of diesel engine. From this study, it can be summarized that microemulsion biofuels can be formulated using palm-oil biodiesel (palm-oil methyl ester) as a bio-based surfactant and they can be considered as environmentally-friendly alternatives to diesel and biodiesel. However, cost considerations showed that the raw materials should be locally available to reduce additional costs of microemulsion biofuels. 相似文献
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R. T. Jarviste R. T. Muoni J. H. Soone H. J. Riisalu A. L. Zaidentsal’ 《Solid Fuel Chemistry》2008,42(2):123-127
Diesel fuel should satisfy the European standards of quality even after long-term storage. The oxidation of diesel fuel, factors affecting this process, and their interaction mechanisms were studied in this work. Based on the results, conditions for the long-term storage of diesel fuel, including the type of storage tanks, can be determined. 相似文献