急性呼吸衰竭56例双水平气道正压无创通气治疗

目的观察无创正压机械通气治疗急性呼吸衰竭的疗效。方法各种疾病所致的急性呼吸衰竭患者56例在常规治疗基础上给予无创正压机械通气治疗;分别测定治疗前后患者的pH、PaCO2、PaO2、SaO2、RR。结果结果显示经过无创正压机械通气治疗各项指标显著改善。结论无创正压机械通气治疗急性呼吸衰竭可以迅速改善患者通气功能,提高PaO2、降低PaO2,减轻肺泡水肿,疗效确切,是治疗急性呼吸衰竭的重要方法。     

无创呼吸机治疗急性呼吸衰竭临床分析

目的探讨无创呼吸机治疗急性呼吸衰竭的疗效与方法。方法以无创呼吸机治疗急性呼吸衰竭患者26例，观察疗效及探索有效方法。结果正确应用无创通气治疗急性呼吸衰竭有着较高的成功率（73％）。结论无创呼吸机治疗急性呼吸衰竭是非常有效的治疗手段。     

实用无创机械通气技术进修班招生简介北京朝阳医院呼吸与危重症医学科（西区）

无创正压机械通气的临床应用日趋广泛,从早期用于治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）逐步扩展至治疗多种急性呼吸衰竭,在慢性呼吸衰竭的机械通气治疗中无创通气已居于主导地位。     

实用无创机械通气技术进修班招生简介北京朝阳医院呼吸与危重症医学科（西区）

无创正压机械通气的临床应用日趋广泛,从早期用于治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）逐步扩展至治疗多种急性呼吸衰竭,在慢性呼吸衰竭的机械通气治疗中无创通气已居于主导地位。     

实用无创机械通气技术进修班招生简介北京朝阳医院呼吸与危重症医学科（西区）

无创正压机械通气的临床应用日趋广泛，从早期用于治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）逐步扩展至治疗多种急性呼吸衰竭，在慢性呼吸衰竭的机械通气治疗中无创通气已居于主导地位。     

COPD急性呼吸衰竭的无创通气治疗

目的探讨无创机械通气对COPD急性呼吸衰竭的治疗作用。方法在常规治疗基础上,应用BiPAP呼吸机对12例COPD急性呼吸衰竭患者进行无创通气治疗,观察治疗前后病情与血气变化。结果经BiPAP治疗后,10例患者症状与血气改善,有效率83.3%;无1例发生呼吸机相关性肺炎、肺气压-容积伤及呼吸机依赖等并发症。结论BiPAP无创通气是治疗COPD急性呼吸衰竭安全而有效的方法。     

实用无创机械通气技术进修班招生简介北京朝阳医院呼吸与危重症医学科（西区）

无创正压机械通气的临床应用日趋广泛，从早期用于治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）逐步扩展至治疗多种急性呼吸衰竭，在慢性呼吸衰竭的机械通气治疗中无创通气已居于主导地位。     

无创正压通气在有创-无创序贯通气中的应用

无创正压通气(NPPV)在急、慢性呼吸衰竭的治疗中有良好疗效.急性呼吸衰竭患者行有创通气后,应用无创通气辅助呼吸进行序贯治疗,可缩短有创通气时间,减少与有创通气相关的并发症.本文将结合我们的经验对此进行综述.     

无创正压通气在COPD急性呼吸衰竭中的应用

目的探讨无创正压通气治疗COPD并急性呼吸衰竭患者的疗效。方法选择40例COPD并急性呼吸衰竭患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组各20例次,两组均给予抗感染、祛痰、解痉、糖皮质激素及氧疗。治疗组加用无创正压通气。观察患者血气及气管插管率的差异。结果治疗组的血气分析改善明显优于对照组(P<0.01);治疗组的气管插管率低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论无创正压通气可改善COPD并急性呼吸衰竭患者的病情及减少气管插管率。     

有创-无创序贯通气治疗急性呼吸衰竭51例疗效观察

目的 探讨有创-无创序贯通气治疗急性呼吸衰竭的疗效。方法采用有创-无创序贯机械通气治疗急性呼吸衰竭患者51例,观察其临床疗效及机械通气并发症发生情况。结果全部患者均顺利脱机,有创通气时间（5．26±2．13）d,总机械通气时间（12．5±5．72）d,元一例发生呼吸机相关性肺炎。48例患者康复,2例停止无创机械通气者3周内再次发生呼吸衰竭,1例3个月后因左心功能衰竭、急性肺水肿行二次气管插管。结论序贯通气治疗急性呼吸衰竭效果确切：可降低机械通气并发症发生率。     

无创正压通气治疗急性呼吸衰竭的疗效观察

目的探讨无创正压通气（NPPV）在治疗急性呼吸衰竭（ARF）中的临床疗效。方法 216例各种原因引起ARF的患者在常规治疗的基础上进行NPPV,采用压力支持通气（PSV）加呼气末正压通气（PEEP）。比较治疗前后动脉血气变化、观察NPPV治疗成功率及病死率。结果 NPPV治疗后2 h、24 h PaCO2和pH与治疗前比较明显改善（P〈0.01）,PaO2变化无显著性差异。NPPV对慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重（AECOPD）及急性心源性肺水肿疗效显著,成功率高。而对肺炎及肺间质纤维化疗效较差。结论 NPPV治疗ARF疗效肯定,正确选择患者及上机时机,密切监测,动态决策,可提高呼吸衰竭的救治成功率。     

无创双水平气道正压通气治疗重症肺炎致急性呼吸衰竭疗效评价

目的研究无创双水平气道正压通气(BiPAP)对重症肺炎所致急性呼吸衰竭(ARF)的治疗效果,评估BiPAP在ARF治疗中的作用。方法在常规治疗的基础上采用BiPAP呼吸机经面罩气道正压通气治疗重症肺炎所致急性呼吸衰竭(ARF)患者20例。观察治疗效果。结果治疗前后PaO2和SaO2分别为[(48.85±12.15)mmHg,(68.56±16.25)mmHg;(80±6)%,(92±5)%]。治疗前后比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。气管插管率25%(5/20),病死率15%(3/15)。结论用BiPAP呼吸机经面罩气道正压通气对重症肺炎所致急性呼吸衰竭,减少了气管插管,在抢救治疗中疗效肯定,有重要的应用价值。     

无创通气治疗COPD合并重症呼吸衰竭的作用

目的评价无创通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并重症呼吸衰竭的价值。方法45例COPD合并重症呼吸衰竭患者随机分为两组:常规治疗+无创通气组(A组)和常规治疗组(B组)。A组30例在常规治疗的同时采用B iPAP呼吸机进行辅助通气。B组15例患者给予常规治疗。结果45例COPD合并急性重症呼吸衰竭的病人中,A组24 h神志明显改善,PaCO2明显下降。治疗组的插管率、死亡率及住院时间均低于对照组,差异有显著性。结论无创通气为COPD合并呼吸衰竭进一步的治疗提供了宝贵的时间,大大提高了生存率。     

无创正压通气在体外循环术后急性呼吸衰竭患者中的应用

目的:临床回顾性研究无创正压通气(NPPV)在体外循环术后出现急性呼吸衰竭患者中应用的安全性和有效性。方法:回顾2010-01至08我院在全麻体外循环下行心脏手术的患者(年龄>16岁)450例,术后全部顺利拔管,其中24例拔管后出现急性呼吸衰竭给予NPPV治疗,为NPPV组;拔管后未出现急性呼吸衰竭的患者426例为对照组。比较NPPV治疗前、治疗后1 h的氧分压/吸入气体氧含量(PaO2/FiO2)、心率、呼吸次数和动脉血酸碱度(pH),并用患者围手术期的临床特征作为参数来分析NPPV失败的预测因素。结果:NPPV治疗平均(12.33±11.97)h,NPPV治疗后1 h与治疗前比较,PaO2/FiO2明显升高,呼吸次数、心率明显减低(P均<0.01),差异均有统计学意义。所有患者均无NPPV相关并发症。NPPV失败的相关危险因素包括:NPPV治疗后1 h的PaO2/FiO2<200(P=0.043)、第一次机械通气时间(P=0.039)和肺炎(P<0.0001),其中肺炎是NPPV失败的独立相关危险因素(比值比16.000;95%可信区间1.996～128.289)。结论:体外循环术后患者拔管后出现急性呼吸衰竭,NPPV可以有效改善肺部氧合,减低再次气管插管的需要,但要根据病因选择病例。     

AECOPD呼吸衰竭患者无创正压通气治疗效果的相关因素分析

目的 探讨应用无创正压通气(noninvasive positive pressure ventilation,NIPPV)救治慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭失败的相关因素.方法 选取176例AECOPD并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的患者接受无创双水平气道内正压呼吸机治疗.按照治疗效果分为成功组和失败组,比较两组患者各项指标及变化,进行Logistic回归分析,寻找无创通气失败的相关因素.结果 NIPPV失败组患者稳定期FEV1%预计值较高,PaCO2值较低,治疗之前GCS评分较低,白蛋白及体质量指数较低,急性生理学和慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)较高,与NIPPV成功组比较差异有显著性意义.Logistic回归分析提示,治疗前格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)及APACHE Ⅱ评分对NIPPV后期失败有显著影响.结论 治疗前GCS评分、APACHEⅡ评分是NIPPV治疗AECOPD并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭失败的相关因素.     

The prognosis of acute respiratory failure in critically ill cancer patients

Acute respiratory failure (ARF) in patients with cancer is frequently a fatal event. To identify factors associated with survival of cancer patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) for ARF, we conducted a prospective 5-year observational study in a medical ICU in a teaching hospital in Paris, France. The patients were 203 cancer patients with ARF mainly due to infectious pneumonia (58%), but also noninfectious pneumonia (9%), congestive heart failure (12%), and no identifiable cause (21%). We measured clinical characteristics and ICU and hospital mortality rates.ICU mortality was 44.8% and hospital mortality was 47.8%. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation was used in 79 (39%) patients and conventional mechanical ventilation in 114 (56%), the mortality rates being 48.1% and 75.4%, respectively. Among the 14 patients with late noninvasive mechanical ventilation failure (>48 hours), only 1 survived. The mortality rate was 100% in the 19 noncardiac patients in whom conventional mechanical ventilation was started after 72 hours. By multivariable analysis, factors associated with increased mortality were documented invasive aspergillosis (odds ratio [OR], 2.13; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.05-14.74), no definite diagnosis (OR, 3.85; 95% CI, 1.26-11.70), vasopressors (OR, 3.19; 95% CI, 1.28-7.95), first-line conventional mechanical ventilation (OR, 8.75; 95% CI, 2.35-35.24), conventional mechanical ventilation after noninvasive mechanical ventilation failure (OR, 17.46; 95% CI, 5.04-60.52), and late noninvasive mechanical ventilation failure (OR, 10.64; 95% CI, 1.05-107.83). Hospital mortality was lower in patients with cardiac pulmonary edema (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03-0.72).Survival gains achieved in critically ill cancer patients in recent years extend to patients requiring ventilatory assistance. The impact of conventional mechanical ventilation on survival depends on the time from ICU admission to conventional mechanical ventilation and on the patient's response to noninvasive mechanical ventilation.     

无创通气治疗COPD所致Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭昏迷患者的临床研究

目的探讨无创通气治疗由慢性阻塞性肺部疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD）引起Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭而出现昏迷的患者的临床疗效。方法对47例呼吸道分泌物不多的COPDⅡ型呼吸衰竭引起昏迷的患者进行无创双水平正压（BIPAP）通气，观察上机前和上机后2小时及上机后10小时的神志、心率、呼吸频率、血气分析，成功脱机率，有创通气上机率。结果47例中38例（81％）进行无创通气后2、10h，神志、心率、呼吸频率、血气分析均有显著性改善，并成功避免了有创通气，这其中包括3例肥胖患者（BMI≥30）。9例（19％）加重患者。结论呼吸道分泌物不多的COPDⅡ型呼吸衰竭昏迷患者无创通气仍不失为一种有效的治疗手段。对伴有肥胖的患者选择无创通气应慎重。     

Treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic respiratory failure: integrated use of negative pressure ventilation and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Acute respiratory failure (ARF) can be treated with either invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV), which can spare the complications of artificial airways. To evaluate the efficacy of an integrated approach using negative pressure ventilation (NPV) with iron lung and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV), we performed a prospective study in a group of patients admitted to our respiratory ICU (RICU) for ARF due to exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure (CRF). SETTING: RICU at "R. Silvestrini" Hospital in Perugia, Italy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred fifty-two consecutive patients were included in the study and treated with iron lung as first choice or, when contraindicated or not tolerated, with NPPV using a nasal or facial mask. After 2 h of noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV), the patients were reevaluated; in case of clinical deterioration, patients receiving NPV were switched to NPPV. When NPPV as a first or second line of treatment failed the patients were intubated. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: One hundred fifty-two patients received NIMV, 97 with iron lung as the first choice of treatment, and 55 with NPPV. Six patients treated with NPV were switched to NPPV during the first 2 h of treatment. Twenty-five patients required IMV. The success rate of the integrated use of NIMV (NPV plus NPPV) was 81.6%, compared to that of NPV (83.5%) and NPPV (70.5%). Twenty-one patients (13.8%) required tracheostomy; the duration of hospital stay was significantly lower in patients treated with NIMV only. Thirty patients required mechanical ventilation at home. Few severe complications were observed in patients receiving IMV. CONCLUSIONS: The integrated use of two NIMV techniques is effective in patients with acute exacerbation of CRF. In most cases intubation and tracheostomy were avoided, thus reducing the complication rate of mechanical ventilation.     

Management of respiratory failure in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

The prognosis is very poor in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) due to active pulmonary tuberculosis, especially in those who necessitate mechanical ventilation. The underlining factors of ARF are low nutrition, old age and severity because of patient's delay and doctor's delay. So, management consists of two parts, one, early patient detection considering of tuberculosis and early treatment, the other, focused control to high risk groups. Patients with chronic respiratory failure due to pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae have long insidious period and mainly restrictive, sometimes mixed pulmonary dysfunction. Hypercapnea, pulmonary hypertension and respiratory disorder during sleep are seen in high percentage in them. In acute on chronic failure the principles of therapy are treatment of precipitating factors such as respiratory infection or congestive heart failure, controlled (low flow) oxygen therapy, bronchial hygiene and maintaining adequate pulmonary and circulatory condition. In chronic stage patient education is very important. Management of chronic stage is constructed of nutrition control, long-term oxygen therapy, pharmacological therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation including controlled breathing technique, physical chest therapy and exercise training. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is effective on improvement of prognosis in chronic respiratory failure, and on treatment in acute on chronic failure.     

无创呼吸机辅助治疗时机对老年急性左心衰竭并发呼吸衰竭患者的影响研究

目的：探讨无创呼吸机辅助治疗时机对老年急性左心衰竭并发呼吸衰竭患者的影响。方法：2012年9月到2017年2月选择在我院ICU诊治的老年左心衰竭并发呼吸衰竭患者106例作为研究对象,按照入院顺序,根据随机信封抽签原则分为观察组与对照组各53例,两组都建立人工气道进行有创机械通气,观察组在呼吸泵衰竭改善会改用无创呼吸机辅助治疗,对照组只有在符合撤机标准时予撤机。结果：治疗后观察组与对照组的总有效率分别为98.1%和86.8%,观察组优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后两组的MAP、RR、pH、PaO2与PaCO2值对比差异都无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组的ICU住院时间、总住院时间、有创通气时间、总机械通气时间都明显少于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组住院期间的呼吸机相关性肺炎、气道狭窄、气道阻塞等并发症发生率为3.8%,对照组为20.8%,观察组并发症发生情况低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论：以呼吸泵衰竭改善作为无创呼吸机辅助治疗老年急性左心衰竭并发呼吸衰竭并不影响患者的血气指标,可提高治疗效果,缩短患者的通气时间与住院时间,减少并发症的发生,有很好的应用价值。