玻璃钢水箱海绵密封条的研制

叙述玻璃钢水箱海绵密封条的技术要求，原材料选择方法，制造工艺要点，测试结果等。     

太阳能热水器塑料储热水箱成型技术

分析了太阳能热水器储热水箱的特点,介绍了储热水箱内胆常用塑料的特性及改性方法,对全塑内胆和钢塑内胆的加工工艺和设备进行了总结,提出了太阳能热水器塑料储热水箱的发展方向。     

汽车水箱铝合金热交换器用水基清洗剂的研制与应用

介绍了一种铝合金专用水基清洗剂,论述了其清洗原理和设计配方需要考虑的关键问题。使用异辛酸钠和偏硅酸钠作为铝合金复合缓蚀剂,清洗剂不腐蚀包覆层合金。考察了清洗时间和温度与去油率的关系,得出了最佳清洗工艺条件。     

浅谈GKA超导热洗清蜡车的应用与改进

本文介绍了GKA超导自动热洗清蜡工艺的工作原理、工艺参数、适用范围和功能特点,并且论述了超导自动热洗的应用试验和报告。文中对GKA超导自动热洗清蜡工艺的应用效果和经济效益进行了评价。并且对超导热洗清蜡车进行了改进,以便进一步提高超导车辆行驶的安全行和清蜡的效果。     

提高电厂除盐水箱喷涂聚脲涂层质量的研究与探讨

聚脲涂料在电厂除盐水箱上的应用具有广阔的前景.通过对聚脲配方进行设计、对底材进行有效处理提高聚脲涂层的附着力.根据以往的施工经验,对电厂除盐水箱喷涂聚脲涂层的施工总结出了完善的工艺.     

玻璃钢水箱的结构设计

本文用材料力学理论,计算了球形、立式圆筒形、方形水箱的厚度。为降低方形水箱壁厚,采取壁面搪制加强筋、两相对壁面对应加强筋之间设置拉竿,并对此作了详细的设计计算。     

陶瓷太阳板与锚桩结构陶瓷太阳能房顶的应用

陶瓷太阳板以普通瓷土、工业废弃物为原料,具有制造工艺简单、生产耗能少、成本低、寿命长、效率高的优点;锚桩陶瓷太阳能房顶与原房顶共用结构层、保温层、防水层,结构简单、与建筑一体化、与建筑同寿命,为建筑物提供热水、取暖、空调的功能。     

基于正交实验与CAE模拟优化水箱盖的成型参数

为研究某品牌的智能马桶水箱盖,将聚丙烯(PP)作为填充材料,运用CAE技术对该产品进行了仿真模拟,得到填充与翘曲变形的分析结果,并采用正交试验的方法分析了各个成型工艺参数对总翘曲变形量的影响。通过极差法对正交试验的结果进行分析,得到影响产品质量的因数从小到大依次为熔体温度、冷却时间、注射时间、模具温度、保压压力及保压时间。验证了Moldflow软件优化后的参数,总翘曲量最小值为0.928 mm。最后,通过最优的工艺参数进行实际注塑试模,检测得到产品的翘曲变形量为0.974 mm,与模拟结果的相似度达到95%以上,结果较理想,同时也验证了正交试验的可行性,为智能马桶水箱盖的生产提供了理论指导。     

帅博 陶瓷阀芯受追捧

一款陶瓷阀芯的水箱配件在上海厨卫展一亮相，便引起众多生产企业的关注，参展企业的代表纷纷驻足观看，争相打听产品的性台彦乖口工艺。     

Understanding self-accelerated water diffusion within poly-lactic acid via molecular dynamics simulation

Poly-lactic acid(PLA) is widely used as a controlled drug release material and the diffusion property of water within the polymer matrix is closely related to the drug release profile. This paper studies the water diffusion in PLA by molecular dynamic simulations. Free volume analysis indicates that water molecules are expected to fill in the free volumes of the polymer matrix forming water clusters at low water content. Along with the increase of the water concentration, the polymer starts to swell and the density of the system starts to drop.Due to the high mobility of water within water cluster, the calculated diffusion coefficient dramatically increases along with the incensement of water content. Thus, we conclude that the diffusion of water is a self-accelerate process, with higher mobility of water in the case where more water exists.     

Modelling water flow,nitrogen transport and root uptake including physical non-equilibrium and optimization of the root water potential

A model is presented for the simulation of water flow, heat flow, and nitrate and ammonium transport. Two approaches are used for modelling plant water uptake as well as for plant nitrogen uptake. Nitrogen transformations are accounted for in a very simple way. This paper focuses mainly on water flow modelling, solute transport, and water uptake. Richards' equation is used to model water flow in layered soil profiles with a great variety of boundary conditions. Solute transport is simulated with either a simple convection dispersion equation or with a two-region physical non-equilibrium model to distinguish between mobile and immobile water and solute exchange between these two regions. A macroscopic sink term is added to Richards' equation to account for plant water uptake. This term can be calculated along two different approaches, one of which is based on the concept of root water potential. The root water potential is then continuously optimized to minimize the difference between the climatic demand and the uptake rate.Simulation results are compared with field data from the Netherlands to illustrate the degree to which the model is able to predict water flow, solute transport and plant water uptake. The root water potential optimization model seems to provide the best prediction of water distribution. In particular the shape of the profile, revealing uptake patterns, is quite well reproduced with this model. Comparison of simulated and observed water content profiles seems also to reveal the presence of preferential pathways. The comparisons show also how predicted solute distributions can be improved by using a two-region approach rather than a simple convection-dispersion model.     

A simple model to determine the trends of electric-field-enhanced water dissociation in a bipolar membrane. II. Consideration of water electrotransport and monolayer asymmetry

This work elucidates the mechanism of electric-field-enhanced water dissociation. Particular attention has been given to the influences of water electrotransport and monolayer asymmetry on the water dissociation process. A simple model was proposed with consideration of these two factors and mathematically analyzed in term of thickness ratio, fixed group concentration ratio and water diffusivity ratio of the anion selective layer to the cation selective layer on typical current density curves of bipolar membranes. The results suggest that for practical applications, an asymmetric bipolar membrane with proper ion-exchange capacity and high permeability to water is more effective than a symmetric one. Theoretical simulation values were compared with both the theoretically calculated data by a model without consideration of water electrotransport and the experimental current voltage curves. It is shown that the calculated potential across a bipolar membrane is higher at given current density, which permits a more precise prediction of experimental I–V curves for the case of a bipolar membrane with high water permeability. However, for a bipolar membrane with poorer water permeability, it seems that the calculated value with the model without consideration of water electrotransport is closer to the experimental values, but the model with consideration of water electrotransport can effectively predict the over-limiting current density.     

Comparison of multi-inlet and serpentine channel design on water production of PEMFCs

Two flow field designs, a new multi-inlet design and a conventional serpentine design, for a PEMFC together with relative humidity (RH) and porosity of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) are studied in relation to net water production using a 3-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulation. The results show that (1) with increasing GDL porosity, discharged water in the serpentine design slightly increases, because accumulated water decreases, whereas discharged water in the multi-inlet design decreases due to a reduction of generated water; (2) although fuel cell power performance improves as RH increases, net water production decreases in both designs, because more water is accumulated; and (3) comparatively higher power and net water production are observed with the multi-inlet design, owing to uniform distributions of reactant gas and water. It is determined that, for net water production without compromising power production, input water should be decreased and, for higher cell performance, flow field design like multi-inlet design should be developed.     

居住小区中水回用系统

上海作为一个水质型缺水城市，随着优质水源的日益匮乏，客观上产生了应用中水回用的要求。住宅小区的分质排水，优质排水采用物化 超滤工艺处理后回用于冲厕、绿化等是居住小区中水回用系统的一个较为可行的方法。     

基于线性规划的单杂质间歇过程用水最小化

对间歇化工过程的单杂质用水网络提出了以新鲜水量最小为目标的优化设计方法。该方法对间歇过程的每个操作假定为一个操作接一个储罐,对所有操作按出口浓度从小到大排序,避免了高浓度水回用到低浓度水的操作中,去掉了用水网络中多余的连接,构造了用水网络超结构。该超结构可以表述为一个线性规划模型。通过GAMS求解该模型得出每个操作周期的最小新鲜水量,并通过证明得出该最小用水量随操作周期增加最终不再变化。该方法可以用作有、无中间储罐间歇过程用水网络综合,实例计算结果表明该方法是可行的,与其他方法相比更简单。     

并联连续再生/再循环的多杂质间歇用水系统优化方法

为了有效地减少多杂质间歇用水系统的新鲜水消耗量和再生处理量,针对多杂质间歇过程用水网络提出连续操作并联再生处理单元水网络结构模型及其优化设计方法。通过在用水网络中设置中间储罐和再生单元以实现对不同水质废水并联分质处理,建立了减少用水系统的新鲜水用量和再生水量以及废水排放量的数学规划模型,采用GAMS软件对一个实例进行求解。计算和分析表明：提出的水网络结构与优化设计方法可有效地解决按水质对废水进行并联处理的间歇用水系统,使系统的新鲜水用量和再生水流率同时达到最小。     

高速水射流粉碎中射流冲击区水垫的增阻效应

为了解高速水射流冲击区特性和对物料粉碎效果的影响,通过理论分析、数值计算方法和采用自主研制的后混式高压水射流粉碎装置进行粉碎实验(以煤为粉碎物料),针对水射流在冲击区产生的水垫及其对物料粉碎的影响进行了研究。结果表明:高速水射流在靶体冲击区范围内存在水垫,水垫范围约为10倍喷嘴半径r0;射流冲击区水垫对粉碎不利,在有水垫增阻情况下,水垫对粉碎效率具有一定影响,特别是对低粒级产品减产影响明显;无水垫增阻情况下,物料粉碎较前者更加高效,产率也更高;研究水射流冲击区水垫增阻减产机理,对高速水射流粉碎技术及设备研究实践具有一定理论和设计参考价值。     

Relationship between hydrogen bonding and bound water in polyhydroxystyrene derivatives

Crystallization of water sorbed on polyhydroxystyrene was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (d.s.c.). Two exothermic peaks of crystallization of water sorbed on the polymer were observed. One was a sharp peak (Peak I) observed at about 255 K in a d.s.c. curve; the other was a small broad peak (Peak II) observed at about 235 K. Judging from the amount of water calculated from the enthalpies of crystallization, there seems also to be some non-freezing water which does not crystallize. Therefore, we have categorized water sorbed on the polymer into three different kinds: free water (Peak I), freezable bound water (Peak II) and non-freezing water. The bound water content increases as the amount of hydroxyl groups in the polymer increases. Moreover, the maximum amount of water bound to a monomer unit of the polymer is about 0.7 mol. These facts indicate that there is less than a mole of bound water attached to a hydroxyl group and that part of this bound water does not crystallize. The bound water content estimated above was found to agree well with the critical water content, which was estimated from the decrease in the glass transition temperature of water sorbed polymers. Consequently, the bound water is defined as the water molecules which act to break the intermolecular hydrogen bonding and then are attached closely to hydroxyl groups of polymers. Thus, the bound water content evaluated from d.s.c. correlates with the degree of hydrogen bonding of polymers.     

节水技术在建筑给排水中的应用

水的开发与利用和水资源严重缺乏的矛盾已日益突出。水已成为制约我国社会和经济发展的主要因素之一。节约用水应是防止水资源危机,解决供需矛盾的长期的必要的方针。