研发投入对股权结构与企业绩效关系的中介效应研究——基于我国中小板上市企业的经验数据

本文以中小板上市企业为研究对象,以中小板上市企业2008-2010年度的面板数据为样本,利用年度报告中公开发布的研发投入数据,建立回归模型,利用统计方法进行实证检验。研究结果表明,股权集中度、股权制衡、研发投入都与企业绩效存在正向关系,并且研发投入在一定范围下,传导了股权结构对企业绩效的影响,即具有中介效应。     

制造企业服务化、研发创新投入与企业绩效——基于技术密集型企业的实证研究

服务化是制造企业转型升级、价值增值的重要方式,而研发创新投入有助于企业产品技术升级与价值链攀升。本文选取2013—2019年中国技术密集型上市制造企业面板数据,实证研究了制造企业服务化、研发创新投入与企业绩效三者关系。研究结果表明：服务化与企业绩效呈倒U型关系;研发创新投入与企业绩效呈正相关关系;研发创新投入正向调节“服务化-绩效”的关系。进一步分析发现,服务悖论拐点约在服务化程度为0.47时出现,但研发创新投入可以延缓服务悖论到来;相较国有企业,民营企业服务悖论拐点滞后,但研发创新投入对缓解国有企业服务悖论的效果更佳;通过不含季节性的Holt-Winters加法指数模型预测,短期内中国不会出现服务悖论。研究成果揭示了服务化与研发创新投入是制造企业高质量发展的重要渠道,拓宽并丰富了提升制造企业价值创造能力的研究视角。     

ESG表现、研发投入和企业创新绩效

在可持续发展理念下,以我国2014—2019年上市企业的ESG评级情况和披露的专利申请总量数据为研究样本,构建面板数据,基于ESG表现在我国的研究逐渐符合我国国情的评价标准,选取中国商道绿融ESG表现的评级情况进行主变量分析。主要结论：企业ESG表现评级的提升,显著促进了企业的创新产出成果,有效增加了企业的专利申请数量;企业外部ESG评级,对其内部的研发支出战略决策产生积极影响;研究ESG评级表现对企业创新绩效的影响,研发投入在二者之间存在中介作用;ESG评级表现对国有企业和非国有企业的创新和研发投入都有明显的正向影响,国有企业由于对国家经济发展负有更大的责任,其影响更大。     

自主研发与知识积累:基于金融发展视角的门限模型研究

已有研究表明自主研发与知识积累具有密切的联系。随着我国信贷资源的配置效率不断提高,研究金融发展在自主研发影响知识积累中的作用机理十分必要。本文使用我国2002-2009年省级面板数据构建非线性面板门限模型,以金融发展为门限变量,研究自主研发对知识积累的非线性影响及金融发展门限效应;在此基础上分析各省份金融发展变化作用于自主研发对知识积累影响的变化趋势。研究表明:高技术产业数量和非国有经济发展均对地区知识积累具有较大的促进作用,技术引进对地区知识积累则不会产生显著的影响,自主研发对知识积累的影响显著存在基于金融发展水平的"单门限效应";金融发展水平超过门限值后,自主研发对知识积累具有更大的促进效应;2008年以后,我国大部分省份跨过门限值进入高金融发展区域,自主研发对这些省份的知识积累都存在较高的促进效应。本文的研究有助于更好的理解金融发展与知识积累之间的关系,拓展了Ang(2011)对这一问题的研究外延,为政府部门制定相关政策提供了一定的参考基础。     

研发投入对企业价值的影响研究——基于股东责任的中介与调节作用

基于熊彼特创新理论,以201 0—201 9年沪深A股重污染行业上市公司为样本,通过规范和实证研究相结合的方法,分析研发投入对企业价值的影响,以及股东责任在二者间关系的中介和调节作用。结果表明：研发投入可以促进企业价值显著提升;股东责任在研发投入与企业价值之间起中介作用,企业进行研发投入,可以通过履行股东责任提升企业价值;股东责任在研发投入与企业价值之间调节作用显著。     

技术邻近性、研发投入与技术并购创新绩效——基于企业生命周期的视角

本研究以A股上市公司的技术并购事件为研究对象,基于多维邻近性理论,探索处于不同生命周期的主并企业在进行技术并购时与被并企业的技术邻近性对并购后创新绩效的影响。研究表明,技术并购中,处于不同生命周期的主并企业,与被并企业的技术邻近性特征对并购后创新绩效的影响不同。当主并企业处于成长期时,并购双方的技术邻近性能显著提升并购后的创新绩效,而当主并企业处于成熟期时相反,处于衰退期时则无显著影响。同时,研发投入在并购双方技术邻近性与创新绩效之间起到正向调节作用,被并企业所处的外部技术人才供应环境亦会影响技术并购后的创新效果。     

财税激励政策对新能源产业创新绩效的影响——研发投入的中介效应

在创新驱动发展战略的背景下,研究财税激励政策对新能源产业创新绩效的影响具有重大意义。本文选取2013-2019年新能源产业的面板数据,探究政府补助与税收优惠两种财税激励政策对创新绩效的影响.并检验了研发投入的中介作用。结果表明:(1)两种财税激励政策均能提升新能源产业的创新绩效水平,且政府补助的激励效果优于税收优惠。(2)研发投入在财税激励政策与创新绩效之间承担部分中介作用。(3)相比于实质性创新,财税激励政策对策略性创新的促进作用更为突出。(4)研发投入承担的中介效应存在企业异质性。文章在一定程度上丰富了财税激励政策效果的研究,对提高财税激励政策的有效性,提升新能源产业研发创新水平具有一定的借鉴意义。     

不同阶段研发投资对企业绩效的动态效应研究:基于中国上市公司的面板数据分析

研发投资是提高企业绩效的重要途径,不同阶段的的研发投资对于企业绩效的改善存在着差异化作用。本文构建了不同阶段研发投资对企业绩效影响效应的理论模型,并以我国103家上市公司2010-2016年的相关数据为样本,从动态效应的实证分析阶段和开发阶段两个阶段的投资强度对企业绩效影响的异同,结果发现:研究阶段和开发阶段的投资对企业绩效影响均具有正向的积极影响作用,开发阶段的投资在当期对企业绩效的影响较强但不可持续,研究阶段的投资具有滞后效应并且对企业绩效的提升有比较长远的影响。因此过多关注开发阶段的投资并不能有效提高企业绩效,企业应加大研究阶段的投资,以更好地实现其在提高企业绩效中的长效作用。     

Exploring the impact of sustainable value proposition on firm performance

Considering the immense potential of sustainable business models in tackling the broader challenge of corporate sustainability, this paper integrates the literature streams on sustainability practices and organizational business models to analyze the performance implications of a firm's sustainable value proposition. Based on the analysis of a large panel dataset across different industries, consistent with the proposed theory, a sustainable value proposition has been found to have a positive impact on a firm's market-based financial performance (namely, Tobin's Q). Yet, this impact turns out to be highly context-dependent. In particular, the findings reveal that a firm's R&D capabilities improve the positive effect of a sustainable value proposition on a firm's financial performance. At the same time, the marketing communication capabilities and sustainable practices regarding employee relations reduce the sustainable value proposition's financial performance effect, arguably due to the costs associated with marketing and the loss in employee interest during the process of adopting the sustainable business model elements.     

债务约束下的企业广告与R&D投资研究

本文以Brander和Lewis的资本结构产业组织理论为基础,结合资本市场与产品市场,分析了企业负债与广告投资、R&D投资之间的关系。通过模型推导提出理论命题,并运用我国沪深两市A股上市公司数据进行验证得到相关结论。研究结果显示负债对企业广告投入存在刺激作用而对R&D投资存在抑制效应。企业广告投入与R&D投入行为存在明显的行业差异,制造业企业两种投入相对均衡,非制造业企业通常偏好于二者之一。企业广告与R&D投入之间相互影响,制造业两种投资之间存在互补关系,而非制造业两种投资之间存在替代关系。负债对企业广告与R&D投资行为的影响存在差异,并且不同债务类型的影响同样存在差异。本研究可进一步促进资本结构产业组织理论的发展,同时为企业改善广告与R&D投资策略提供理论和经验依据。     

The moderating effects of home region orientation on R&D investment and international SME performance: Lessons from Korea

Drawing from the resource-based view, we investigate how firm and country combinations affect international SME performance. Using a sample of 2676 international Korean SMEs, we explore the relationships among SME R&D investment, home region orientation and financial performance. Results show that R&D investment has a horizontally inverted S-shaped relationship with performance reflecting cost leadership, stuck in the middle, and differentiation strategies. We also find that a home region orientation moderates the relationship between R&D investment and performance. Home region orientation positively moderates the relationship when R&D investment reflects cost leadership or differentiation but negatively moderates a stuck in the middle strategy.     

基于实物期权的研发项目动态投资决策模型

本文基于实物期权理论,针对研发项目阶段性特点,结合博弈论的思想,分析了多个研发项目组成的投资状态组合,构建了研发项目动态选择模型。首先,根据研发项目多阶段的特征,利用孪生证券的思想,基于实物期权理论,建立了项目中止决策准则;在此基础上分析研发项目的投资决策状态,建立了二十五个状态的切换场景;然后通过实际算例对模型进行验证和分析,得出了研发项目投资的影响范围概念图,最终实现两个项目的最优投资决策目标。     

DEA and ranking with the network-based approach: a case of R&D performance

This study enhances the network-based approach, which is a novel method to increase discrimination in data envelopment analysis. The enhancements include removing the bias caused by a scale difference among organizations and highlighting the approach's ability to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each organization. The former makes the approach applicable to both the constant returns of scale (CRS) and the variable returns of scale (VRS) models. The network-based approach applies the centrality concept developed in social network analysis to discriminate efficient decision making organizations as determined by standard data envelopment analysis (DEA). More specifically, the results of data envelopment analysis are transformed into a directed and weighted network in which each node represents a decision making organization and the link between a pair of node represents the referencing relationship between the pair. The centrality value for each efficient organization provides the base for discrimination and ranking. This network-based approach suggests aggregating DEA results of different input/output combinations such that the merits of each organization under various situations can be considered. The final ranking of this approach favors organizations that have their strengths evenly spread and tends to screen out specialized efficient organizations. As a real world example, the approach is applied to evaluate and rank the R&D (research and development) performance of Taiwan's government-supported research institutes. The cross-organizations and within-organization strengths for each efficient research institute are identified after applying the approach. A two-stage R&D evaluation model separates the R&D process into the technology development and technology diffusion stage. The resulting performance map differentiates the research institutes into four categories—Achievers, Marketers, Innovators, and Underdogs.     

创新网络嵌入视角下企业研发竞争的博弈研究

研发投入是创新发展的基础和源泉,如何促进企业研发投入是实施创新驱动战略的关键。本文基于创新网络嵌入的背景,构建同一创新网络内两个企业间的博弈模型,针对不同网络位置企业竞争博弈和相同网络位置企业竞争博弈两种情形,探究在研发竞争状态下企业研发投入受网络地位、网络关系的影响情况。研究结果表明:创新网络嵌入下,同质企业的竞争性研发投入与网络范围的技术溢出、网络平均吸收能力以及网络中心度均存在正向相关关系。研究结论丰富了企业研发投入影响因素的研究成果,也为有效激励企业创新提供一个有价值的思路。     

The antecedents of new R&D collaborations with different partner types: On the dynamics of past R&D collaboration and innovative performance

We examine firms' propensity to adapt their R&D collaboration portfolio by establishing new types of R&D collaboration with different kinds of partners (suppliers, customers, competitors and universities & public research institutions). We argue that existing R&D collaboration with one of the two value chain partners (suppliers or customers) is associated with the formation of new R&D collaboration with the other value chain partner to ensure temporal alignment in innovation within the value chain. In contrast, issues related to governance and unintended knowledge spillovers suggest that ‘horizontal’ R&D collaboration with competitors only spurs R&D collaboration with other partner types if such competitor R&D collaboration has been discontinued earlier (‘delayed temporal alignment’). We posit that persistent prior R&D collaboration with institutional partners is an antecedent to the establishment of new R&D collaboration with industrial partners, and that discontinuation of a particular type of R&D collaboration is likely to lead to a restart of such R&D collaborative effort. Strong prior innovative performance is expected to increase the probability that firms establish R&D collaborations with new partner types, except for R&D collaboration with competitors, since the most innovative firms may fear leakage of proprietary knowledge to rivals. We find broad support for these predictions in a large panel of Spanish innovating firms (2004–2011). Our findings highlight that it is not just the configuration of R&D collaborations with existing partner types that predicts tie formation with new partner types, but also the intertemporal pattern of prior R&D collaboration and managerial discretion provided by past innovation success.     

基于产品相关性及研发创新下的销售方式偏好研究

针对零售商捆绑上游多个制造商产品的现状，考察了由两个制造商和一个零售商组成的供应链系统，制造商进行研发投资降低各自产品成本，零售商进行产品销售并选择分开销售还是捆绑销售。考虑制造商研发行为下，探究供应链成员对不同相关性产品销售方式的偏好。研究发现，（1）对于独立产品，系统成员不存在共同的偏好。（2）对于互补产品，并非"一绑就灵"，分开销售会成为系统成员的共同偏好，而非捆绑销售。（3）对于替代产品，并非不能捆绑，感知价值相差处于中间范围的低成本替代产品和感知价值相差较小的高成本替代产品均在捆绑销售下更有利可图。     

The impact of R&D sources on new product development: Sources of funds and the diversity versus control of knowledge debate

We build on the knowledge-based view to study the relative impact of alternative R&D sources on innovation performance. We contrast two arguments that have created a debate in the literature: One is that diversity of knowledge is better for innovation, because the integration of a larger variety of knowledge helps create new products that can fulfill unmet customer needs; another is that control of knowledge is better, because the incentives and contextual system of the firm facilitate employees' experimentation, which supports the creation of new products. We provide one solution to this debate by arguing that the relative importance of diversity and control of knowledge on innovation depends on the sources of finance. Hence, we find that, in general, control of knowledge has a higher impact than diversity of knowledge on the sale of new products. We also find that alternative sources of finance moderate the relationships: internal funds strengthen the impact of R&D sources with more diversity of knowledge on the sale of new products, while external funds strengthen the impact of R&D sources with more control of knowledge on the sale of new products.