一个不等式的几何证法及推广引申

已知a〉1/3，b〉1/3，ab=2/9，求证a＋b〈1，文[1]、[2]、[3]分别用不同的方法证明此不等式，文[3]对它进行了推广，文[4]对文[3]的推广进行了改进并提出了一个“孪生”不等式．本文首先给出此不等式的一个几何证法，然后利用这一证法对此不等式进行推广引申．     

正确求取n∑i=1ai整数部分的一种方法

文[1]、[2]、[3]介绍了求 S=n∑i=1 1/√i和S=n∑i=1√i 整数部分的一些不等式,从而设法求出[S].但是不论该不等式如何精确,总有不能解决的问题,例如文[3]中最强的一个不等式     

凸函数和凹函数的幂平均不等式

文 [1 ]获得了当 α≥ 1时的凸函数的幂平均不等式 (3)、(4 ) [1] .本文指出文 [1 ]中的一个错误 ,并且得到了 α≤ 1时的凹函数的幂平均不等式 .修正和充实了文 [1 ]的定理 .同时讨论了当 α取其它值时不等式的情况 .     

一个精彩平方和不等式的推广

宋庆先生在文[1]给出了几个精彩的平方和不等式,文[2]对其中三个不等式进行了加权推广,本文将对文[1]的另一个不等式进行加权推广. 　　……     

另证一个猜想的改进

文[2]将不等式②拆成两个不等式来证,其中应用了排序原理,似显繁些,本文参照文[3]的方法,应用算术平均与几何平均不等式,作出较简单的证明．     

能揭示欧拉不等式本质的简证

文[1]、[2]给出的欧拉不等式"证法不容易",文[3]利用三角形的边变换及均值不等式给出了"更简捷证法".本文运用中学基础知识给出的简证可以揭示欧拉不等式的本质.     

一个无理不等式及其猜想的初等证明

文[1]给出了不等式:设a,b＞0,0＜λ≤2,则(√a/a+λb)+(√b/b+λa)≤2/(√1+λ)…………………(1) 文[2]类比给出了不等式:a,b＞0,0＜λ≤3,则3(√a/a+λb)+3(√b+b+λb)≤2/3(√1+λ)……………(2) 文[2]猜想:a,b＞0,n≥2,n∈N,0＜λ≤n,则n(√a/a+λb)+n(√b+b+λa)≤2/n(√1+λ)……………(3) 文[2]只给出不等式(2)的微分法证明,未能给出初等证明,并指出如何给出初等证明是一个值得继续研究的问题.本文将给出不等式(2)、(3)的一个初等证明;因为要用到不等式(1)证明过程中的一个结论,所以,先证不等式(1).     

关于“亚正定矩阵的行列式的一个不等式”文的注记

本文给出了一类矩阵的行列式的一个不等式,推广了文[3]的结果.     

对一个代数不等式的另证、加强与推广

问题1:已知x,y,z是正数且x+y+z=1,求证:(1/x-x)(1/y-y)(1/z-z)≥(8/3)3.文[1]利用均值不等式给出问题1一个简单初等证明,为便于学生的理解与掌握,文[2]给出该不等式的一个加强形式:     

华罗庚留给读者证明的两个不等式的实质

在文[1]中,华罗庚留下给读者证明的两个不等式： 文[2]和文[3]都没有看透问题的实质,花了很多篇幅进行证明．     

Operator extensions of Hua’s inequality

We give an extension of Hua’s inequality in pre-Hilbert C^∗-modules without using convexity or the classical Hua’s inequality. As a consequence, some known and new generalizations of this inequality are deduced. Providing a Jensen inequality in the content of Hilbert C^∗-modules, another extension of Hua’s inequality is obtained. We also present an operator Hua’s inequality, which is equivalent to operator convexity of given continuous real function.     

Affine Moser–Trudinger and Morrey–Sobolev inequalities

An affine Moser–Trudinger inequality, which is stronger than the Euclidean Moser–Trudinger inequality, is established. In this new affine analytic inequality an affine energy of the gradient replaces the standard L ⁿ energy of gradient. The geometric inequality at the core of the affine Moser–Trudinger inequality is a recently established affine isoperimetric inequality for convex bodies. Critical use is made of the solution to a normalized version of the L ⁿ Minkowski Problem. An affine Morrey–Sobolev inequality is also established, where the standard L ^p energy, with p > n, is replaced by the affine energy.     

Functional Inequalities for the Decay of Sub-Markov Semigroups

A general functional inequality is introduced to describe various decays of semigroups. Our main result generalizes the classical one on the equivalence of the L ²-exponential decay of a sub-Markov semigroup and the Poincaré inequality for the associated Dirichlet form. Conditions for the general inequality to hold are presented. The corresponding isoperimetric inequality is studied in the context of diffusion and jump processes. In particular, Cheeger's inequality for the principal eigenvalue is generalized. Moreover, our results are illustrated by examples of diffusion and jump processes.     

Thurston?s relative inequalities and Reeb components

We construct a family of codimension 1 foliations in a 3-manifold for which Thurston?s relative inequality holds, but for which the absolute one is violated. For this, we introduce a variant of these inequalities, which we call the relative^(±) inequality. Also we determine the class of foliations for which the relative^(±) inequality holds.     

On the Local Uniqueness of Solutions of Variational Inequalities Under H-Differentiability

In this paper, we give some sufficient conditions for the local uniqueness of solutions to nonsmooth variational inequalities where the underlying functions are H-differentiable and the underlying set is a closed convex set/polyhedral set/box/polyhedral cone. We show how the solution of a linearized variational inequality is related to the solution of the variational inequality. These results extend/unify various similar results proved for C ¹ and locally Lipschitzian variational inequality problems. When specialized to the nonlinear complementarity problem, our results extend/unify those of C ² and C ¹ nonlinear complementarity problems.     

一个与投影体相关的锥体积不等式

本文研究了一个与投影体相关的锥体积不等式.利用凸函数的梯度性质,获得了n维欧氏空间中关于任意原点对称凸体的一个锥体积不等式,推进了Schneider投影问题的解决.     

Isoperimetric properties of Euclidean boundary moments of a simply connected domain

We consider integral functionals of a simply connected domain which depend on the distance to the domain boundary. We prove an isoperimetric inequality generalizing theorems derived by the Schwarz symmetrization method. For L ^p -norms of the distance function we prove an analog of the Payne inequality for the torsional rigidity of the domain. In compare with the Payne inequality we find new extremal domains different from a disk.     

The general optimal L-Euclidean logarithmic Sobolev inequality by Hamilton-Jacobi equations

We prove a general optimal L^p-Euclidean logarithmic Sobolev inequality by using Prékopa-Leindler inequality and a special Hamilton-Jacobi equation. In particular we generalize the inequality proved by Del Pino and Dolbeault in (J. Funt. Anal.).     

Graphs Between the Elliptic and Parabolic Harnack Inequalities

We present graphs that satisfy the uniform elliptic Harnack inequality, for harmonic functions, but not the stronger parabolic one, for solutions of the discrete heat equation. It is known that the parabolic Harnack inequality is equivalent to the conjunction of a volume regularity and a L ² Poincaré inequality. The first example of graph satisfying the elliptic but not the parabolic Harnack inequality is due to M. Barlow and R. Bass. It satisfies the volume regularity and not the Poincaré inequality. We construct another example that does not satisfy the volume regularity.     

Mutual estimates of <Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis><Superscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis></Superscript>-norms and the Bellman function

In this paper, we describe the range of the L^p-norm of a function under fixed L^p-norms with two other different exponents p and under a natural multiplicative restriction of the type of the Muckenhoupt condition. Particular cases of such results are simple inequalities as the interpolation inequality between two L^p-norms as well as such nontrivial inequalities as the Gehring inequality or the reverse H?lder inequality for Mackenhoupt weights. The basic method of our paper is the search for the exact Bellman function of the corresponding extremal problem. Bibliography: 5 Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 355, 2008, pp. 81–138.