经皮微创气管切开术在神经外科中的应用

<正>神经外科的脑血管意外、重度脑外伤、颅脑手术,和心肺脑复苏后脑缺氧患者,多因中枢性或周围性呼吸功能障碍,需要进行辅助呼吸、给氧和吸痰,多需行气管切开术[1]。本院在45例重度颅脑外伤和脑血管意外患者中采用导丝扩张钳技术行经皮微创气管切开术(Percutaneous Dilational Tracheostomy,PDT),疗效满意,现报告如下。     

经皮扩张气管切开术在救治重症颅脑疾病中的应用

目的 比较传统开放性气管切开术(OT)与经皮扩张气管切开术(PDT)在救治重症颅脑疾病中的应用。方法 回顾性分析OT组与PDT组并发症发生率、操作相关病死率和操作时间。结果 PDT组无1例发生操作相关死亡，仅1例发生并发症；OT组不同程度发生并发症，其中1例发生拔管后猝死；PDT组操作时间较OT组明显缩短。结论 经皮扩张气管切开术在重症颅脑疾病患者中应用具有操作时间短，并发症及操作相关死亡率低的优点，利于重症颅脑疾病的治疗。     

经皮扩张气管切开术在口腔颌面外科麻醉中的应用

目的探讨术前经皮扩张气管切开术(percutaneous dilatational tracheotomy,PDT)在口腔颌面外科手术麻醉中的临床应用价值,并与同期传统外科气管切开术(surgical tracheotomy,ST)进行比较。方法收集2013年5月至2015年5月,在我院口腔颌面外科行肿瘤根治伴皮瓣转移修复并且做气管切开术的124例患者资料,包括患者的一般资料、麻醉用药、气管切开时的生命体征、手术时间、出血量、并发症发生情况等。结果 124例患者中41例行PDT(P组),83例行ST(S组),两组患者一般资料差异无统计学意义。P组切口长度和手术时间均明显短于S组(P0.05),术中出血量明显少于S组(P0.05)。两组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义。结论与ST相比,PDT具有更多优点,更加适合于口腔颌面外科手术的气道管理。     

经皮穿刺气管切开术在紧急抢救中的应用价值

目的：比较经皮穿刺气管切开术（PDT）与传统开放式气管切开术（OT）在手术操作和并发症上的差异,探讨其在危重患者紧急抢救中的应用价值.方法：30例急诊拟行气管切开术的患者,随机分为两组.OT组15例行传统气管切开术,PDT组15例行经皮穿刺气管切开术,记录并比较两组患者的手术时间、切口大小、术中出血量及术后并发症、心率、血压和氧饱和度的变化.结果：PDT组手术时间、切口大小、术中出血、术后并发症发生率均明显低于OT组,术后1 h心率和收缩压也明显低于OT组（P均〈0.05）,但两组术后1 h的平均动脉压和血氧饱和度之间差异无显著性（P〉0.05）.结论：与传统气管切开术比较,经皮穿刺气管切开术具有手术时间短、切口小、出血量少、并发症少等优点,适合在紧急抢救中应用.     

经皮气管切开术在ICU的临床应用

目的:观察经皮扩张气管切开术在危重患者的临床疗效.方法:20例患者采用经皮扩张气管切开术,另26例采用传统气管切开术,比较经皮气管切开术和传统气管切开术的手术时间、术中出血量、相关并发症.结果:PDT组的操作时间、切口大小、术中出血量、相关并发症等比较,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:经皮扩张气管切开术较传统气管切开术是一种更快捷有效、准确性更高、并发症更少的人工气道建立方法,在重症监护病房(Icu)中有较大的临床应用价值.     

纤维支气管镜直视下经皮微创气管切开术在重症监护室中的应用

目的评价纤维支气管镜直视下经皮微创气管切开术在重症监护室中的应用价值。方法选择70例需气管切开且无禁忌证的患者,随机分为纤维支气管镜直视下经皮微创气管切开术组(A组,30例)和传统开放式气管切开术组(B组,40例)。比较两组间手术时间,切口大小,出血量,安全性,血液、痰液窒息等并发症等方面的差异。结果 A组手术时间较B组明显缩短,切口小,出血量明显减少,安全性明显提高,其他并发症明显减少,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论纤维支气管镜直视下经皮微创气管切开术具有操作简便,创伤小,安全性高,成功率高,并发症少等优势,在重症监护室中具有较大的应用价值。     

经皮扩张气管切开术在困难气道处理中的应用

目的 观察经皮扩张气管切开的应用效果.方法 采用经皮扩张气管切开器械,气管内置入导丝,引导扩张器和扩张钳,钝性扩张气管前组织及气管环间膜,对32例困难气道患者进行气管切开.结果 经皮扩张气管切开术手术时间短、术中出血少、均顺利完成.结论 经皮扩张气管切开术具有操作简单、并发症少、切口愈合后疤痕不明显等优点.适用于困难气道需要气管切开的患者.     

非纤维支气管镜辅助经皮旋转扩张气管切开术的临床应用

目的评价在非纤维支气管镜辅助下开展经皮旋转扩张气管切开术的临床应用价值。方法2008年1月至2009年2月ICU病区符合气管切开手术指征危重患者30例，采用经皮旋转扩张气管切开术，手术均在非纤维支气管镜辅助下完成；观察手术时间、术中出血情况及其他相关并发症。结果本组平均手术时间（6．0±0．5）min，术中出血量极少，均为Ⅰ度出血，无其他严重并发症发生。结论非纤维支气管镜辅助下行经皮旋转扩张气管切开术，具有手术时间短、并发症少等优点，只要谨慎操作，是安全有效的，值得临床推广。     

经皮气管切开术130例

2002年11月-2004年7月，我院采用经皮气管切开术（percutaneous tracheotomy，PT）救治危重患者130例，取得满意的临床效果，报道如下。     

经皮旋转气管切开术在重型颅脑损伤昏迷患者中的临床应用价值

目的 探讨经皮旋转气管切开术对重型颅脑损伤昏迷患者的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析舞钢市人民医院神经外科2018-01—2020-11收治84例重型颅脑损伤昏迷患者的病例资料.以开始采用经皮旋转气管切开术的时间为依据,其中2019-07—2021-01采用经皮旋转气管切开术44例(旋切组);选择2018-01—2019...     

Iatrogenic aortic arch injury after unsuccessful percutaneous tracheostomy

Tracheostomy is a procedure that creates a direct opening to the airway through an incision in the anterior wall of the trachea. These days it is usually performed percutaneously as it is generally regarded as a safe procedure. We present the case of an unusual complication of aortic arch injury after percutaneous tracheostomy (PT) performed at an outside hospital. Major vascular injury was managed with sternotomy and direct aortic repair with a successful outcome. We believe PT should be performed under direct bronchoscopy visualization to limit any possible complications. Intensivists should be aware of this extremely rare complication of PT, which requires emergency cardiac surgery intervention and a team effort for appropriate management.     

改良经皮扩张气管切开术与常规经皮扩张气管切开术效果对比

目的分析改良经皮扩张气管切开术与常规经皮扩张气管切开术的临床应用效果。方法选取2014-01—2015-12间在急诊科室以及ICU内需要接受气管切开的患者102例,按照手术方法分为2组。改良经皮扩张气管切开术患者设为观察组,常规经皮扩张气管切开术设为对照组。对比2组患者手术情况、手术费用、术中出血及术后并发症等。结果 2组患者的切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后渗血量、切口愈合时间及并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。但观察组的手术费用明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论改良经皮扩张气管切开术在术后并发症、创伤性、操作性上具有与常规经皮扩张气管切开术相同的优势,但是更加安全、经济。     

Complications of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in children

Experience with percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in children is limited. This report discusses two significant complications which occurred following the use of this technique     

Laryngotracheal stenosis: a serious complication of percutaneous tracheostomy

Tracheostomy in patients requiring prolonged artificial ventilation in intensive care is increasingly being performed by a percutaneous dilatational technique, in preference to the standard surgical method. Since its introduction numerous series have reported favourably on its general safety in the short-term, but there have been few reports of longer term follow-up of patients. We present four cases of laryngotracheal stenosis, a previously unreported complication associated with the technique, and discuss the relevance of these to the future practice of percutaneous tracheostomy.     

纤支镜导引下经皮扩张气管造口术的临床研究

目的 探讨纤支镜导引下经皮扩张气管造口术相对于常规经皮扩张气管造口术（PDT）的优点。方法 60例患者随机分为两组，即纤支镜导引组（A组，n=28），常规组（B组，n=32）。记录两组的手术时间，近期远期并发症例数，作统计分析。结果 A组有更大的成功率，更少的近期和远期并发症，手术时间并没有延长。结论 纤支镜导引下经皮扩张气管造口术相对于常规经皮扩张气管造口术有更高的安全性与实用性。     

The laryngeal mask simplifies airway management during percutaneous dilational tracheostomy

The Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) is used for many procedures which previously required endotracheal intubation. Percutaneous Dilational Tracheostomy (PCT) facilitates the bedside insertion of a tracheostomy tube in the Intensive Care Unit. Most patients requiring this procedure are intubated with a conventional endotracheal tube. Insertion of a LMA has advantages over tracheal intubation for PCT mainly because the artificial airway lies remote from the operating field. Three cases are reported to illustrate these advantages.     

Repeat percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in an awake and unintubated patient

Bedside percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) has become an accepted method for securing airways in patients requiring prolonged ventilatory support. Repeat PDT in patients who have had a tracheostomy earlier is considered a relative contraindication as a result of distorted anatomy. Three case series have been reported supporting the safety of repeat bedside PDT in experienced hands, but there is no previously published data regarding repeat PDT in awake and unintubated patients. We report a case in which a repeat PDT was done on an awake 20-year-old female patient with cerebral palsy and kyphoscoliosis admitted owing to pneumonia and respiratory failure. This facilitated tracheal toilet in this patient without resorting to general anaesthesia and mechanical ventilation. In conclusion, both repeat PDT and awake PDT, both separately or together, can be very useful in the management of critical care and pre-critical care patients and merit wider use.     

Percutaneous dilational tracheostomy

Tracheostomy is performed commonly to aid weaning from assisted ventilation in patients who require intensive care. The procedure carries a significant mortality and morbidity, in part due to problems in moving unstable patients. We report the use of a bedside percutaneous tracheostomy technique for use in adult patients who require intensive care. The procedure was successful in 19 of 20 cases. The one failure, in the first case, resulted from transection of a superficial midline vein. The lack of significant haemorrhage was notable in all other cases. The procedure has proved to be efficient and cost-effective in this unit and has now replaced conventional surgical tracheostomy in this group of patients.