Preparation and electrocatalytic property of Au-Pt/SnO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/GC composite electrode

Au-Pt/SnO₂/GC composite electrode was prepared by self-assembling Au-Pt nanoparticles on SnO₂ film, which was deposited on actived glassy carbon (GC). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that dense and uniform Au-Pt particles with 25-nm diameter were dispersed on SnO₂ film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results proved that there was an interaction between Au-Pt nanoparticles and SnO₂ support. Electrochemical experiments showed that Au-Pt/SnO₂/GC composite electrode had a good electrocatalytic activity to the oxidation of methanol.     

Au-Pt双金属纳米粒子的制备及其电催化性质

在PEG10000/Vc/HAuCl4体系中,用Vc还原HAuCl4制备金纳米粒子,以所制备的金纳米粒子为晶种,通过控制HAuCl4与H2PtCl6的质量比,制备不同Pt/Au比的双金属纳米粒子,并进一步研究其对H2O2电化学氧化的催化作用。紫外-可见光谱(Uv-vis)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)等实验结果表明：Au-Pt双金属纳米粒子为面心立方结构的合金。用循环伏安法对Au-Pt双金属纳米粒子修饰的玻碳电极的电化学性能进行测试,结果表明：Au-Pt双金属纳米粒子对H2O2电化学氧化有一定的催化作用。催化效率随Au-Pt双金属粒子中Pt含量的增加而增加。     

Photoelectrocatalytic activity of two antimony doped SnO2 films for oxidation of phenol pollutants

Two types of Sb-doped SnO2 films on titanium substrate were prepared by the combination of electro-deposition and dip-coating (Ti/SnO2-Sb2O4/SnO2-Sb2O4) and single dip-coating (Ti/SnO2-Sb2O4), respectively. The surface morphology and crystalline structure of both film electrodes were characterized using X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). XRD spectra indicate that the rutile SnO2 forms in two films and a TiO2 crystallite exists only in Ti/SnO2-Sb2O4 electrode. SEM images show that the surface morphology of two films is typically cracked-mud structure. The photooxidation experiment was proceeded to further confirm the two electrode activity. The results show that the photoelectrocatalytic degradation efficiency of Ti/SnO2-Sb2O4 electrode with sub-layer is higher than that of simple Ti/SnO2-Sb2O4 electrode using phenol as a model organic pollutant. The Ti/SnO2-Sb2O4/SnO2-Sb2O4 photoanode has a better photoelectrochemical performance than Ti/SnO2-Sb2O4 photoanode for the removal of organic pollutants from water.     

Preparation of Sb Doped Nano SnO2/Porous Ti Electrode and Its Degradation of Methylene Orange

利用热分解方法在多孔钛上制备了Sb掺杂纳米SnO2电极。也研究了该电极降解甲基橙的电化学性能。SEM和XRD测试表明,在多孔钛基体上可获得完整的、无裂缝的涂层。无裂缝的涂层表面由粒径范围在80~230 nm的Sb掺杂SnO2纳米颗粒组成。HRTEM测试结果表明,SnO2纳米颗粒由5~6 nm细小颗粒构成。在其余条件相同的情况下,强化寿命试验表明,Sb掺杂纳米SnO2 /多孔Ti电极的寿命远大于致密钛基体上的电极。Sb掺杂纳米SnO2 /多孔Ti电极可将浓度为100 mg/L的甲基橙溶液降解到8 mg/L,显示出该电极具有很强的有机物污染物电催化降解能力。并指出采用简单的表面处理技术,将使多孔钛具有很高的潜力被应用到有机污水降解领域     

La掺杂的SnO2-Sb中间层对钛基IrO2+Ta2O5电极性能的影响

目的改善Ti/IrO_2+Ta_2O_5涂层电极的析氧电催化性能。方法用热分解法在钛基材上制备了La掺杂的SnO_2-Sb中间层,并以此作为基体涂覆IrO_2+Ta_2O_5活性层,制备了Ti/SnO_2-Sb-La/IrO_2+Ta_2O_5涂层电极。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量散射能谱(EDS)及X-射线衍射光谱(XRD)技术分别分析了中间层和活性层的表面形貌、元素组成及晶相结构。采用线性扫描伏安曲线(LSV)和强化寿命测试方法在硫酸溶液中分别研究了Ti/SnO_2-Sb-La/IrO_2+Ta_2O_5涂层电极的析氧电催化活性和使用稳定性。同时,考察了La的掺杂比例对Ti/SnO_2-Sb-La/IrO_2+Ta_2O_5电极强化寿命的影响。结果相对未掺杂La的中间层,掺杂La后的中间层表面裂纹减少,有更高的析氧过电位和更低的析氧电流密度。La掺杂对活性层的表面形貌和晶相结构基本没有影响,但电极的析氧电流密度有所提高。通过测试不同La掺杂比例涂层电极的强化寿命,发现La最佳掺杂比例为nLa:nSn=0.5:100。和未掺杂La涂层相比,La最佳掺杂比例涂层电极的强化寿命提高了22.8%。结论相对于未掺杂的Ti/SnO_2-Sb/IrO_2+Ta_2O_5电极,La掺杂后的Ti/SnO_2-Sb-La/IrO_2+Ta_2O_5涂层电极析氧电催化活性和强化寿命都得到改善。     

稀土Y掺杂Ti/SnO2+MnOx/PbO2电极的电化学性能研究

采用热分解和电沉积的方法制备了稀土元素Y掺杂Ti/SnO2+MnOx/PbO2耐酸阳极.用XRD、SEM表征了电极的物相和表面形貌,用CV、EIS测定了电极的电化学性能,并研究了Y掺杂对电极在强酸性溶液中使用寿命的影响.结果表明:Y以Y2O3的形式与SnO2形成半导体固溶体,使电极在高电流密度(4 A/cm2)下的预期使用寿命达到70 h;同时该电极的析氧电位高达2.1 V,且电极表面呈蘑菇状,电催化性较好,Ti/SnO2+Y2O3+MnOx/PbO2电极是一种较理想的耐酸阳极材料.     

超声掺Bi二氧化铅电极电氧化降解2-氯苯酚研究

目的提高Pb O_2/Ti的使用寿命、对目标反应物的电氧化催化活性及选择性。方法以覆有Sn O_2+Sb_2O_3的Ti网为阳极,分别在Pb(NO_3)_2、Na F混合溶液及Pb(NO_3)_2、Na F、Bi(NO_3)_3组成的掺Bi混合溶液中,在电沉积液p H=2、60℃、电沉积电流密度为0.04 A/cm~2的条件下,进行常规电沉积及超声电沉积1 h,制备出Pb O_2/Sn O_2+Sb_2O_3/Ti,Bi-Pb O_2/Sn O_2+Sb_2O_3/Ti,Pb O_2(ultrasonic)/Sn O_2+Sb_2O_3/Ti,Bi-Pb O_2(ultrasonic)/Sn O_2+Sb_2O_3/Ti 4类二氧化铅电极。在硫酸溶液中测定其加速寿命,用稳态极化曲线分析电催化性及选择性,以2-氯苯酚的电氧化降解反应为模型反应,考察电解2-氯苯酚废水的处理效果,用X射线衍射仪和电子扫描电镜表征沉积层晶相和形貌。结果 Bi-Pb O_2(ultrasonic)/Sn O_2+Sb_2O_3/Ti的加速寿命比Pb O_2/Sn O_2+Sb_2O_3/Ti提高了54%。电氧化降解2-氯苯酚溶液4 h后,以掺Bi二氧化铅电极为阳极,相比于二氧化铅电极,对2-氯苯酚的脱除率提高了19%,槽压降低了7%,稳态极化曲线和电氧化降解2-氯苯酚溶液试验反映了相同的结论。结论超声波环境和Bi掺杂显著提升电极的性能,掺Bi的二氧化铅沉积层表现出较高的电催化性和电氧化2-氯苯酚的选择性,超声电沉积二氧化铅能增大电极比表面积,提高电极的表观催化活性和电极加速寿命。     

Nano-SnO_2 Decorated Carbon Cloth as Flexible,Self-supporting and Additive-Free Anode for Sodium/Lithium-Ion Batteries

In this study,nano-sized SnO_2 decorated on carbon cloth(SnO_2/CC) is prepared through a simple and facile solid method.The nano-sized SnO_2 is uniformly distributed on the surface of carbon fibers in carbon cloth,providing sufficient free space to relieve volume expansion and reduce electrode pulverization during cycling.The as-prepared SnO_2/CC as a flexible,self-supporting and additive-free anode electrode for sodium-ion/lithium-ion batteries(SIBs/LIBs) can demonstrate outstanding electrochemical performance.SnO_2/CC after annealing at 350℃(SC-350) as an anode for SIBs can deliver a reversible capacity of 0.587 mA h cm~(-2) at the current density of 0.3 mA cm~(-2) after 100 cycles.In addition,when cycling at 1.5 mA cm~(-2),SC-350 can maintain 1.69 mA h cm~(-2) after 500 cycles when used as LIB anode.These results illustrate that the as-prepared SnO_2/CC can be a promising flexible anode material for flexible SIBs/LIBs and provide a simple and practical method for designing new flexible electrode materials.     

EFFECT OF SnO_2 ADDITION ON THE SERVICE LIFE AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF Ti/IrO_2,+Ta_2O_5 ANODES IN PHENOLSULFONIC ACID SOLUTION

1. IntroductionSince the discovery more than 30 years ago[1] t Ti based oxide anodes with various mixtures have been applied in different electrochemical fields. Amollg that, RllOZ TiOZ hasbeen successfully used in chlor-alkali indllstry[2] 9 and Ti/IrOZ TaZOS allode was generallyverified as the best binary mixture for oxygen evolution in acid media due to its goodelectrocatalytic activity and high durability[3--5]. However, in an extreme electrolyte, thesuitability of this anode is doub…     

Uniform and Homogeneous Growth of Copper Nanoparticles on Electrophoretically Deposited Carbon Nanotubes Electrode for Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor

The multiwalled carbon nanotubes thin-film-based electrode was fabricated by electrophoretic deposition and modified with copper(Cu) nanoparticles to fabricate Cu/CNTs nanocomposite sensor for nonenzymatic glucose detection.The expensive glassy carbon electrode was replaced by fluorine-doped tin oxide glass containing CNTs film to confine the Cu nanoparticles growth by electrodeposition through cyclic voltammetry(CV). The ultraviolet visible and X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the successful deposition of Cu nanoparticles on the CNTs-modified electrode. The atomic force microscopy images confirmed the morphology of electrodeposited Cu on CNTs film as uniformly dispersed particles.The electrocatalytic activity of electrode to the glucose oxidation was investigated in alkaline medium by CV and amperometric measurements. The fabricated sensor exhibited a fast response time of less than 5 s and the sensitivity of 314μA mM~(-1)cm~(-2)with linear concentration range(0.02–3.0 mM) having detection limit 10.0μM. Due to simple preparation of sensor, Cu/CNTs nanocomposite electrodes are a suitable candidate for reliable determination of glucose with good stability.     

Electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole in BMIMPF6 ionic liquid and its electrochemical response to dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid

Polypyrrole (PPy) film modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode was prepared by electrochemical polymerization in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF₆) room temperature ionic liquid. The PPy film obtained in ionic liquid adhered on the electrode surface well and the properties of the PPy film have been characterized via UV–vis spectra and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical response of the PPy modified electrodes toward ascorbic acid (AA) and dopamine (DA) was investigated by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Well separated anodic peaks were observed at PPy electrode with peak separation (ΔE) of 200 mV at pH 6.2. Compared with PPy electrode prepared in aqueous solution, DA has a higher oxidation currents at the modified electrode prepared in ionic liquid. The oxidation peak potentials and currents were affected by the pH valuation and the film thicknesses.     

基于SnO2中空纳米球的低温氢气传感器的研究

采用水热法一步合成SnO2纳米材料,采用XRD、SEM、TEM和氮吸附-脱附对材料的结构和形貌进行表征。表征结果表明所制备SnO2纳米材料是由直径150~200 nm的中空纳米球组成,且具有较大比表面积(82.6 m2/g)。采用丝网印刷技术将SnO2气敏浆料涂覆到叉指电极上,制成厚膜型气体传感器器件,研究其对氢气的气敏性能。结果表明SnO2中空纳米球在较低温度(200℃)下对5~200μl/L氢气具有较高的响应值及较快的响应速度,这归因于所制备的SnO2材料的中空结构和较大比表面积,利于氢气气体的吸附与扩散。     

Ag-TiO2/SnO2纳米薄膜的制备及其光催化降解罗丹明B的性能

以光还原法沉积Ag修饰TiO2/SnO2,制各Ag-TiO2/SnO2纳米薄膜,讨论紫外光照时间、光照强度、AgNO3浓度等工艺条件对光催化活性的影响.用XRD和SEM对薄膜的结构、表面形貌和化学组成进行表征,以罗丹明B为模拟污染物对光催化性能进行测定.结果表明,最佳条件下制备的Ag-TiO2/SnO2薄膜,Ag担载量为0.51%(at%),Ag簇直径在30～90 nm之间.薄膜具有较高的光催化活性,对罗丹明B的降解率是修饰前TiO2/SnO2薄膜的1.92倍,是相同质量TiO2/ITO薄膜的2.54倍.催化活性的提高,源于反应机制的改变.薄膜中Ag-TiO2异质结的引入,一方面进一步促使光生电荷分离,另一方面加速了氧气与激发电子的还原反应.     

碳载金铂双金属催化剂催化活性研究

采用KBH4做还原剂、PVP做保护剂,化学法一步合成Au-Pt合金纳米粒子,应用UV-Vis、TEM、XRD等手段对其进行了表征.将所合成的合金纳米粒子负载在碳黑上,获得Au-Pt双金属碳载催化剂,应用循环伏安法(CV)检测了催化剂对甲醇的电催化氧化活性.研究表明,Au-Pt/C催化剂的催化活性明显高于Pt/C的,说明...     

稀土Ce掺杂Ti/Sb-SnO2电极的电化学性能及应用

采用热分解法制备Ti/Sb-SnO2电极和Ti/Sb-SnO2/Ce电极,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)仪和电化学实验技术对电极的表面形貌、物相组成和电化学性能进行表征。结果表明:Ti/Sb-SnO2电极表面形成了SnO2晶胞,经稀土Ce改性后SnO2晶粒明显细化,SnO2衍射峰强度变强且峰形宽化。Ti/Sb-SnO2/Ce电极峰电流值最大、表面稳定性增强和催化活性明显提高。在最佳工艺条件下,Ti、Ti/Sb-SnO2和Ti/Sb-SnO2/Ce电极对橙黄G目标污染物的去除率分别为46.6%、61.9%和94.9%,且降解过程均符合一级反应动力学模型,速率常数分别为0.0289、0.0633、0.1971min-1,Ti/Sb-SnO2/Ce电极的速率常数分别是Ti/Sb-SnO2电极的3倍,Ti电极的7倍,表明在电极表面涂层中掺杂稀土元素Ce可有效提高电极的性能。     

Organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells based on SnS/SnO nanocrystals and MDMO-PPV

SnS/SnO heterojunction structured nanocrystals with zigzag rod-like connected morphology were prepared by using a simple two-step method. Bulk heterojunction solar cells were fabricated using the SnS/SnO nanocrystals blended with poly(2-methoxy-5-(3′,7′-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) (MDMO-PPV) as the active layer. Compared with solar cells using SnS nanoparticles hybridized with MDMO-PPV as the active layer, the SnS/SnO devices showed better performance, with a power conversion efficiency higher by about one order in magnitude.     

新型二氧化铅电极的制备及其性能研究

用电沉积方法制备了Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/PbO2,Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/Bi-PbO2,Ti/PbO2三种二氧化铅电极,采用加速寿命试验对比了电极的寿命,采用扫描电镜表征了电极的表面形貌,并将所制备的电极用于处理苯酚溶液和含铜离子的溶液,分析了电解处理的效果.结果表明:未掺铋二氧化铅电极的加速寿命最长,且其处理的含铜废水可达国家排放标准,但掺铋电极的电催化性能更高.     

SnO2表面改性对Ag/SnO2复合粉末烧结组织及性能的影响

采用沉积法和蒸发法分别对SnO2粉末进行WO3、Bi2O3 CuO表面改性处理,并用化学镀方法制备Ag/SnO2复合粉末.通过粉末冶金的方法对Ag/SnO2复合粉末进行烧结实验,并通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜观察烧结体的金相组织及复合粉末的形貌,对SnO2表面改性方法及添加剂种类对Ag/SnO2烧结性能和组织的影响进行了研究.结果表明:沉积法改性使烧结体组织中的SnO2分布更均匀,且能明显提高烧结体Ag/SnO2的致密度.Bi2O3 -CuO改性可消除SnO2的网络状分布,而WO3改性则显著改善电弧侵蚀后的表面组织.     

十二烷基硫酸钠对IrO2-Ta2O5/SnO2- Sb-Mn/Ti电极电催化性能影响

采用涂刷-热分解法制备不同浓度阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）的IrO2-Ta2O5/SnO2- Sb-MnO2/Ti电极,通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对其微观形貌及物相组成进行分析;应用循环伏安、极化等测试手段,表征制备电极的电催化活性.结果表明,适量添加十二烷基硫酸钠能够改善IrO2-Ta2O5/SnO2-Sb-Mn/Ti电极的微观形貌,提高电催化活性.在本实验条件下,SDS最佳添加量是1.6 g/L,结晶化度高达99.83%.利用苯酚电催化降解实验和强化寿命测试进一步考察所制电极的电催化活性与稳定性,结果显示,在电流密度15 mA/cm2条件下电解180 min,SDS的加入使苯酚去除率由原来的68.5%提高到79.2%.COD去除率由60.1%提高到 67.5%,电催化性能得到提升,电极强化寿命由52 h延长至68 h.     

钛基SnO2+SbOx电极固溶体生长活化能及作用机制

采用热分解法制备SnO2+SbOx钛基氧化物电极,利用TG/DTA、XRD和XPS等手段对SnO2+SbOx固溶体进行表征,计算SnO2+SbOx固溶体的生长活化能,并探讨SnO2+SbOx固溶体的作用机制,同时采用快速寿命法考察氧化物电极在0.5 mol/L H2SO4溶液中2 A/cm2下的预期使用寿命。结果表明： Sb掺杂SnO2形成的N型半导体和P型半导体产生的自由电子和氧空位使得电极导电性增强,预期使用寿命增加为30 h,晶粒表面氧空位的存在和非常低的晶间旋转驱动力是导致SnO2+SbOx固溶体的生长活化能降低为12.63 kJ/mol的主要原因。因此,Sb掺杂SnO2形成的电极固溶体是一种导电性好和稳定性高的电极材料。